This is an action of tort. The defendant, a deputy sheriff, having in his hands for collection an execution against the New England Coal Mining Company, levied it upon the property of the plaintiff, who was a stockholder in the corporation and one of its officers. He admits that no summons had been served upon the plaintiff, such as is required by St. 1851, c. 315, to make stockholders liable to have their property taken upon executions against a corporation, and that therefore the plaintiff was not liable merely as a stockholder to have this levy made upon his property. But he contends that the plaintiff was liable as an officer. He does not allege that the plaintiff was liable to pay the debt as an officer, on account of any such violations or neglects of duty as are mentioned in the Rev. Sts. c. 38, §§ 19, 23, 25, 28. And if the plaintiff had been thus liable, such liability would not have justified the defendant; it would have been necessary to bring an action of the case or a bill in equity against the plaintiff as an officer, in order to make him personally liable, as provided by §§ 29, 30, 31. Upon an execution against a corporation for a debt, the Revised Statutes did not make officers, as such, liable to have their property levied upon. Stockholders, as such, were liable in case certain provisions of the statute had not been complied with.
But this provision as to the liability of stockholders was loose, and did not afford them sufficient protection, and the St. of 1851, c. 315, was enacted to supply the defect. The first section provides that no stockholder shall be liable, unless a summons in the action is left with him. The second section permits him, when he is summoned, to appear and defend himself so far as *131his personal liability is concerned; and provides for an execution against the corporation, with a supersedeas as to him if he prevails. The third section is the one which the defendant contends makes the plaintiff liable as an officer, although the stockholders have not been made liable by process according to the first section. This section provides that “ upon any execution issued upon a judgment recovered against any corporation, the stockholders whereof are liable for its debts or any part thereof, in which a demand has been made pursuant to law, and the said execution is not satisfied, the person or property of any officer of the said corporation, at the time when the cause of action accrued, or when the said judgment was rendered, may be taken, and if no property of such officer can be found to satisfy the said execution, then the person or property of any stockholder may be taken thereon.” It is agreed that there had been a failure on the part of the corporation to comply with the provisions of the Rev. Sts. c. 38, §§ 16,22. So that if the stockholders had been summoned, according to the first section of the St. of 1851, c. 315, they would have been liable to have their persons or property taken on the execution which was in the defendant’s hands.
The precise question which is raised in this case is, whether the property of an officer may be taken, by virtue of the third section, above mentioned, in a case where he, though a stockholder, has not been summoned. The first clause of this section uses language broad enough to make him liable, though no stockholder has been summoned ; for it extends to all cases where the stockholders are liable for the debts or any part thereof; but the last clause must have been intended to control this construction, and to limit the section to cases where the liability of stockholders has been established in the case by a summons as provided in the first section; for it provides that in all cases where no property of an officer can be found, the person or property of any stockholder may be taken. But if the persons or property of stockholders can be taken, notwithstanding they have not been summoned, then the first and second sections are null and void. In order therefore to give *132a reasonable interpretation to the whole statute, it is necessary to hold that the property of an officer cannot be levied upon unless the liability of stockholders has been established in the case; or at least unless his own liability has been established, provided he is a stockholder as well as an officer. This section has already given rise to several questions, and it is to be regretted that its meaning is not more clearly expressed; for it is apparent that it still presents other questions that are not free from difficulty. Judgment for the plaintiff.
H. Williams, for the plaintiff. E. Williams, (D. Foster with him,) for the defendant,cited Stedman v. Eveleth, 6 Met. 125; Curtis v. Harlow, 12 Met. 5; Thayer v. Union Tool Co. 4 Gray, 75; Denny v. Richardson, 4 Gray, 274; Richmond v. Willis, 13 Gray, 182.
Dewey, J. did not sit in this case.