ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES
Daniel L. Taylor Jeffrey C. McDermott
J. Kent Minnette Angela M. Hamm
Crawfordsville, Indiana Libby Y. Mote
Carmel, Indiana
______________________________________________________________________________
In the
Indiana Supreme Court
_________________________________
No. 54S00-0611-MF-443
IN RE: ORDER FOR MANDATE OF FUNDS
MONTGOMERY COUNTY COUNCIL,
Appellant (Defendant below),
v.
HONORABLE THOMAS K. MILLIGAN, JUDGE,
MONTGOMERY COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT;
HONORABLE DAVID A. AULT, JUDGE,
MONTGOMERY COUNTY SUPERIOR COURT I;
HONORABLE PEGGY Q. LOHORN, JUDGE,
MONTGOMERY COUNTY SUPERIOR COURT II;
Appellees (Plaintiffs below).
_________________________________
Appeal from the Montgomery Circuit Court, No. 54C01-0510-MI-00421
The Honorable Julian L. Ridlen, Special Judge
_________________________________
For Automatic Review Pursuant to Trial Rule 60.5(B)
_________________________________
September 26, 2007
Sullivan, Justice.
Indiana Trial Rule 60.5 establishes procedures by which intra-county disagreements
about court funding may be resolved. These procedures are infrequently invoked in Indiana. In
this case, however, T.R. 60.5 has been called into play in a dispute about salaries for court staff
in Montgomery County.
For several years, the Judges of the Montgomery Circuit Court, Montgomery Superior
Court 1, and Montgomery Superior Court 2 had requested that the Montgomery County Council
increase the salaries of their employees to a level that would be competitive with court staff sala-
ries in neighboring or comparable counties. Although the Council had approved salary increases
approximating increases in cost of living indices in most budget years, no salary increase was
granted in 2005.
After their efforts in 2004 to obtain salary increases failed, and following the loss within
a relatively short time period of three Circuit Court staff members to, and the offer to the Circuit
Court administrative assistant of, higher-paying jobs in both the public and private sectors, the
Judges issued an order on August 16, 2005, and an amended order on August 22, 2005. As
amended, the order directed the Council to show cause why the annual salaries for all Montgom-
ery County court reporters, administrative assistants, and positions classified as “secre-
tary/bailiff/receptionist” should not be increased to specified levels for the balance of 2005 and
for the 2006 budget year.
This order triggered the procedures found in T.R. 60.5 for resolving intra-county funding
disputes. We appointed the Honorable Julian L. Ridlen, Judge of the Cass Circuit Court, as spe-
cial judge to hear evidence and to make findings with regard to the show cause order. Following
a two-day trial, Judge Ridlen entered a decree containing findings of fact and conclusions of law.
The special judge’s decree mandated that all of the salaries be increased to the specified levels.
We express our appreciation to Judge Ridlen for his service.
Trial Rule 60.5 provides that the special judge’s decree be reviewed by this Court unless
the responsible governmental subdivision (in this case, the Council) expressly waives such re-
view. The Council did not waive review, and this Court issued an order governing the filing of
the record on appeal and briefs by the parties. Once fully briefed, this Court took the matter un-
der advisement.
2
Discussion
I
The issues to be decided in a mandate proceeding are whether the funds ordered paid are
reasonably necessary for the operation of the courts and any court-related functions and whether
any specific fiscal or other governmental interests are so severely and adversely affected by the
payment as to require the order to be set aside. In re Court Reporter Salaries in the Knox Circuit
and Superior Courts, 713 N.E.2d 280, 282 (Ind. 1999) (citing Morgan Circuit Court v. Morgan
County Council, 550 N.E.2d 1303, 1304 (Ind. 1990)). The annual salaries of court employees
fall within a court’s mandate authority and may be ordered paid at levels sufficient to attract and
retain qualified persons. Morgan Circuit Court, 550 N.E.2d at 1304. Salaries for comparable
positions in both the public and private sectors are relevant. Id. A court need not wait to take
action until the court’s operation actually has been impaired, but may act once there is a clear
and present danger of impairment. Id.
Each of the three Montgomery County courts (Circuit Court, Superior Court 1, and Supe-
rior Court 2) has three employees: (1) a court reporter; (2) an administrative assistant; and (3) an
employee classified as “secretary/bailiff/receptionist” (“SBR”). In 2004, the salaries established
by the Council for these positions ranged as follows:
Table 1
Montgomery County Court Employee Salaries -- 2004
Lowest Highest
Court Reporter $21,069 $23,637
Administrative Assistant $19,142 $23,637
SBR $19,142 $23,637
Concerned about their inability to attract and retain employees at the existing salary
structure, the Judges sent two letters to Council president Terry Hockersmith in July and August
2004, requesting 2005 salaries of $30,700 for court reporters, $28,100 for administrative assis-
tants, and $26,200 for SBRs. The Judges also provided comparative data from other counties.
3
However, the Council did not comply with the Judges’ request and, in fact, did not grant any sal-
ary increases to the nine court employees in 2005. (In 2006, with only one exception, these sala-
ries each were budgeted to increase modestly.)
The Circuit Court lost three court employees between November 2003 and November
2004 to higher-paying jobs in the public and private sectors. In the summer of 2005, a local at-
torney made an employment offer involving a higher salary to the Circuit Court administrative
assistant. The administrative assistant was poised to accept the offer, but the Circuit Court judge
persuaded her to stay while the Judges made efforts to secure salary increases for their employ-
ees. The Judges approached the Council one more time, again unsuccessfully. Thereafter, in
August 2005, the Judges issued their mandate order.
The order required that the employees be paid for the remainder of 2005 at the following
annual salary rates:
Table 2
Montgomery County Court Employee Salaries As Mandated
2005
Court Reporter $31,200
Administrative Assistant $31,200
SBR $27,200
The mandate provided further that the employees would be paid at those same rates for
2006 plus any county-wide percentage increase approved by the Council.
As noted above, salaries of court employees may be ordered paid at sufficient levels to
attract and retain qualified persons. See Morgan Circuit Court, 550 N.E.2d at 1304. Mandated
funds must be “reasonably necessary” for the operation of the courts, and a mandate may be is-
sued when there is a “clear and present danger” of impairment to the courts’ operation. Id.
Exhibits produced at trial compared the salaries of the Montgomery County court em-
ployees to those of court employees in several other counties. The counties utilized for compari-
4
son were those with comparable weighted caseloads (Dearborn, Floyd, Franklin, Hendricks,
Perry, and Vanderburgh), those contiguous to Montgomery County (Boone, Clinton, Tippeca-
noe, Fountain, Parke, Putnam, and Hendricks), and those counties that compete with Montgom-
ery County for employees (Boone, Tippecanoe, Putnam, Hendricks, and Marion).
Salary data from each of these groups of counties is relevant to some extent. Comparison
with counties with similar weighted caseloads takes into consideration the volume of work per-
formed by court employees. However, the relevance of this comparison under the circumstances
of this case is influenced primarily by geographic and labor market considerations. Comparisons
with competing and contiguous counties take into account the most immediate “threat” to a
court’s ability to attract and retain employees. Under the circumstances of this case, we believe
that comparison of Montgomery County court employee salaries with salaries of court employ-
ees in contiguous counties provides the most useful benchmark for examining what salaries are
“reasonably necessary” for Montgomery County to attract and retain qualified persons.
The evidence produced at trial indicated the following ranges in salaries for court em-
ployees in counties contiguous to Montgomery County in 2005.
Table 3
Court Employee Salaries
(Counties Contiguous to Montgomery County)
2005
Lowest Highest
Court Reporter $25,350 $35,518
Administrative Assistant $24,930 $33,234
SBR $20,850 $29,125
Should the Montgomery County court employees be paid at or below the low end of
these salary ranges, the courts’ ability to attract and retain employees would be comparatively
weak. On the other hand, salaries at the upper level of these ranges would exceed what is rea-
sonably necessary for Montgomery County courts to be competitive. Further, approval of sala-
ries at the upper level of these ranges would unduly encourage mandates from courts in which
5
employees’ salaries are not at the upper level. We believe that salaries near the middle of these
ranges achieve what is reasonably necessary to avoid impairment of court operations while ap-
propriately recognizing the extraordinary nature of a mandate.
The following table compares the highest salary paid to court employees in Montgomery
County in 2005 with the mean and median of the salary ranges in contiguous counties in that
year.
Table 4
Court Employee Salary Comparison -- Montgomery and Contiguous Counties
2005
Montgomery Contiguous Counties
County
Highest Mean Median
Court Reporter $23,637 $30,266 $29,346
Administrative Assistant $23,637 $28,230 $27,036
SBR $23,637 $25,736 $26,392
Tables 1, 3, and 4 show that all but one of the salaries of Montgomery County court staff
prior to the mandate were below the low end of the salary ranges of contiguous counties, and all
of the salaries were below both the mean and median salaries of contiguous counties. However,
the mandated salaries of $31,200 for court reporters and administrative assistants and $27,200
for SBRs exceed both the means and medians of the 2005 salary ranges in contiguous counties,
by anywhere from several hundred dollars to several thousand dollars. Accordingly, while a
mandate was warranted, it cannot be approved in the amounts requested.
We direct that the salaries of each category of employee be as set forth in the following
table.
6
Table 5
Montgomery County Employee Salaries -- Supreme Court Decision
Aug. 16, 2005 - Calendar Year Calendar Year
Dec. 31, 2005 2006 2007
Court Reporter $29,800 $30,700 2006 Amount
Administrative Assistant $27,600 $28,400 Plus General
SBR $26,100 $26,900 Increase Given
These amounts reflect, for each category of employee: (a) for 2005, the midpoint between
the mean and median of the 2005 salary ranges in contiguous counties; (b) for 2006, the 2005
amount plus 3% (the general increase given all Montgomery county employees for 2006); and
(c) for 2007, the 2006 amount plus a percentage equal to the general increase given all such
county employees for 2007. All amounts are rounded up to the nearest $100. To the extent that
any employee has been paid less than this amount during the periods indicated, the county shall
pay the employee the difference (less all tax and other withholdings that would have been appli-
cable) in one or more payments before December 31, 2007. To the extent that any employee has
been paid more than this amount during the periods indicated, the employee shall have no obliga-
tion to repay any excess.
II
Given that the proper delivery of judicial services is often at stake in T.R. 60.5 proceed-
ings, this Court has recognized the necessity of proper compensation for attorneys who represent
courts in such matters. Kramer v. Hancock County Court, 448 N.E.2d 1190, 1192 (Ind. 1983).
At the completion of the trial in the present matter, counsel for the Judges submitted an invoice
for legal services and expenses totaling approximately $128,300. The Council challenges this
amount as excessive.
The amount of attorney fees awarded in T.R. 60.5 proceedings has occasionally been
challenged, but not in the recent past. Perhaps as a consequence, the amounts at stake were far
less than the amount involved here. See In re Mandate of Funds in the Harrison Superior Court,
674 N.E.2d 555 (Ind. 1996) (affirming an attorney fee award of approximately $10,300); Morgan
7
Circuit Court v. Morgan County Council, 550 N.E.2d 1303 (Ind. 1990) ($6,000); Allen County
Council v. Allen Circuit Court, 549 N.E.2d 364 (Ind. 1990) ($27,800); Kramer, 448 N.E.2d 1190
($3,300); Vigo County Council v. Vigo Superior Court, Division I, 397 N.E.2d 969 (Ind. 1979)
($3,000).
We have identified as the principal considerations in determining the appropriate amount
of attorney fees in T.R. 60.5 proceedings the logistics problems faced by attorneys who have the
burden of proof as to the number of employees involved in court processes, the salaries paid
therefor, the volume of work required to be done by those personnel, and the necessity for the
increase in salaries in order to facilitate the work of the court. Harrison Superior Court, 674
N.E.2d at 558 (quoting Allen County Council, 549 N.E.2d at 367). More generally, our Rules of
Professional Conduct give us guidance as to factors to be considered in determining the reason-
ableness of attorney fees:
(1) the time and labor required, the novelty and difficulty of the questions
involved, and the skill requisite to perform the legal service properly;
(2) the likelihood, if apparent to the client, that the acceptance of the par-
ticular employment will preclude other employment by the lawyer;
(3) the fee customarily charged in the locality for similar legal services;
(4) the amount involved and the results obtained;
(5) the time limitations imposed by the client or by the circumstances;
(6) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client;
(7) the experience, reputation, and ability of the lawyer or lawyers per-
forming the services; and
(8) whether the fee is fixed or contingent.
Ind. Professional Conduct Rule 1.5(a).
This case was protracted, including as it did a full trial and all of the time and labor that
requires. The hourly rates initially charged by the lawyers involved in the case were $320 by the
8
senior-most lawyer involved, $190 by a second, and $140 by several law clerks assigned to the
case. (The rates of the two lawyers were increased by $20 per hour during the course of the rep-
resentation.) The senior lawyer testified that the firm’s billing rates are reviewed and adjusted
annually by the firm based on factors including the type of work, degree of sophistication, years
of practice, experience, and survey of other lawyers’ rates in the Indianapolis and Carmel areas.
He further testified that an extensive amount of “legwork” was required to collect evidence on
comparative salary data. There was no evidence that the firm was precluded from other em-
ployment because of this representation. The substantial experience and superior reputation and
ability of the lawyers here and of their firm are well known.
On the other hand, the questions involved in this matter are frequently recurring and
straightforward. Judge Milligan of the Montgomery Circuit Court testified that the normal range
of hourly rates for attorney fees he approves in his court is $125-$175. There do not appear to
have been any particularly stringent or excessive time demands connected with this litigation.
Most of the “legwork” required does not appear to have required legal training. And the
amounts involved, as measured by the aggregate annual amount of the differences between the
salaries approved by the Council for 2006 and the amounts required by the mandate order, to-
taled approximately $85,000. Under these circumstances, we believe it appropriate to limit the
amount of attorney fees awarded here.
We have examined the fee and expense request in some detail and note that it seeks
$124,525 in fees and $3,772.79 in costs. The fee request is based on 574.25 hours. The Council
does not contest the number of hours nor the amount of costs; its only request is that the hourly
rate for the work be limited to the normal range for attorney fees in Montgomery County. Based
on the factors set forth in the preceding two paragraphs and particularly on the fact that the
Council does not contest the number of hours worked, we conclude that the attorney fee award
shall be $72,810.29, calculated as set forth in the margin. 1 To the extent that counsel has been
1
The bill reflects and the trial court order recites that 574.25 hours were expended by counsel. However,
our review of the firm’s invoice indicates that the firm did not charge for 88 hours. The invoice submitted
by counsel itemizes 437.50 hours of charged attorney time and 48.75 hours of charged paralegal and law
clerk time. Our attorney fee award reflects attorney compensation at a rate of $150 per hour, paralegal
and law clerk compensation at a rate of $70 per hour, and costs as billed.
9
paid less than this amount by the county, the county shall pay counsel the balance of the amount
owed in no less than three equal installments on December 31, 2007, June 30, 2008, and Decem-
ber 31, 2008. No appellate attorney fees shall be awarded. See Morgan Circuit Court, 550
N.E.2d at 1306.
III
The County Council also seeks our review of the mandate court’s finding that the Mont-
gomery County Auditor had been in contempt for failing to make certain expenditures from the
County Bond Administration Fund. The Auditor responded to the mandate court’s order to that
court’s satisfaction and the contempt order was vacated. We find the issue to be moot.
Conclusion
The order of the trial court mandating certain salary increases for employees of the Cir-
cuit and Superior Courts is affirmed to the extent set forth in part I of this decision. The request
of counsel for attorney fees is affirmed to the extent set forth in part II.
Shepard, C.J., and Dickson, Boehm, and Rucker, JJ., concur.
10