IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
November 9, 2010 Session
LETA V. MYERS v. ROBERT A. MYERS
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Hamilton County
No. 99D526 W. Neil Thomas, III, Judge
No. E2010-00324-COA-R3-CV - FILED DECEMBER 8, 2010
Leta V. Myers (“Mother”) and Robert A. Myers (“Father”) were divorced in 1999.
Approximately ten years later, Father filed a petition seeking to have his child support
payment reduced after the oldest of the parties’ four children became emancipated. Mother
responded to the petition. Mother also filed a counter-petition seeking a modification of the
parenting plan as well as to have Father found in contempt of court for willfully violating
numerous provisions of the final decree. When Father failed to respond timely to the
counter-petition, Mother filed a motion for default judgment. The Trial Court granted the
motion for default. Approximately three hours after the order granting the default judgment
was entered, Father filed a response to the counter-petition. The Trial Court eventually found
Father in contempt of court for numerous violations of the final decree. After Father’s
motion to set aside the default judgment was denied, Father appealed challenging only the
initial entry of the default judgment. We affirm.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the
Circuit Court Affirmed; Case Remanded
D. M ICHAEL S WINEY, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which H ERSCHEL P. F RANKS,
P.J., and J OHN W. M CC LARTY, J., joined.
Robin Ruben Flores, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the Appellant, Robert A. Myers.
Jennifer K. Peck, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the Appellee, Leta V. Myers.
OPINION
Background
The record in this case begins with a complaint for legal separation filed by
Mother in March 1999. At that time, Father was 46, Mother was 41, the parties had four
minor children, and they had been married for seventeen years. In her complaint, Mother
requested the Trial Court grant an order of legal separation and divide the marital assets and
debts. Father responded to the complaint and filed a counterclaim seeking a divorce from
Mother on the ground of irreconcilable differences or, alternatively, inappropriate marital
conduct.
In December 1999, a final judgment of divorce was entered following a trial.
The Trial Court declared the parties divorced from each other and divided the marital assets
and debts. Mother was designated as the primary residential parent for all four minor
children, and Father was ordered, among other things, to pay child support every other week
in the amount of $408. Father also was ordered to maintain $100,000 in life insurance with
the children as beneficiaries.
Almost ten years after the divorce was granted, Father, proceeding pro se, filed
a petition to modify his child support payment due to the emancipation of the parties’ oldest
child. On June 15, 2009, Mother responded to the petition and acknowledged that the
parties’ oldest child had become emancipated. Mother also filed a counter-petition that same
day. In her counter-petition, Mother sought to amend the parenting plan and to have Father
held in contempt of court, claiming he was $3,264 behind in child support payments and had
failed to comply with numerous other provisions contained in the final judgment of divorce.
Mother also sought to have Father’s child support payment recalculated pursuant to the
income shares model contained in the new child support guidelines.
On August 20, 2009, Mother filed a motion to compel Father to respond to
interrogatories and requests for production of documents that had been served on him on July
15, 2009. Upon learning that Father had been laid-off from his employment and that he had
received a severance package, Mother also filed a motion seeking to have Father’s severance
pay paid into court to cover child support arrearages. In response to these motions, the Trial
Court entered an order requiring Father to: (1) pay within ten days a child support arrearage
of $3,966; (2) continue paying child support in the amount of $884 per month; (3) pay the
proceeds from his severance package into court pending further orders of the court; and (4)
respond to the interrogatories and requests for production of documents on or before
September 21, 2009. The Trial Court also ordered the parties to mediation.
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On September 15, 2009, Mother filed a motion for default judgment because
Father had never responded to her counter-petition filed on June 15, 2009, wherein she
sought to modify the parenting plan and have Father held in contempt of court for numerous
alleged violations of the final judgment of divorce. According to this motion, Father was
served with the counter-petition on June 16, 2009, and was required to file an answer by July
16, 2009. No response had been filed as of September 15, 2009.
On September 18, 2009, a Final Report of Mediator was filed with the Trial
Court. The Final Report states only that the parties were able to reach an agreement on one
or more issues, but does not identify which issue(s). The Final Report also shows that Father
was continuing to proceed pro se.
On September 22, 2009, Mother filed a second motion to compel and requested
sanctions be imposed against Father because he failed to respond to the interrogatories and
requests for production of documents by September 21, 2009, as previously ordered by the
Trial Court. Mother sought an order prohibiting Father from introducing any evidence at trial
that had not been produced as requested during discovery. Mother also sought an award of
attorney fees.
On September 29, 2009, at 10:18 a.m., the Trial Court entered an order
granting the motion for default filed by Mother. The Trial Court set the matter for hearing
on October 27, 2009.
After obtaining counsel, on September 29, 2009, at 1:02 p.m., which was
approximately three hours after the default judgment had been entered, Father finally
responded to the counter-petition and denied the pertinent allegations contained therein. At
the same time, Father also filed a response to the motion for default arguing that he did not
fail to “plead or otherwise defend” this action because he participated in the mediation
process and the parties were able to reach an agreement on some issues. Attached as an
exhibit to the response was the Mediation Agreement entered into between the parties on
September 11, 2009, which showed that they had resolved several, but by no means all of the
issues.
In early October 2009, Father filed a motion to set aside the default judgment.
Later that month, the Trial Court entered an order following a hearing awarding Mother a
judgment against Father for $12,191.24, for repairs made to the marital residence which
Father was required to have made pursuant to the final decree. The Trial Court found Father
in willful contempt for not making these repairs. The Trial Court also found Father in
contempt for the following actions, all of which were found to be in violation of the final
decree: (1) failing to provide Mother with a copy of Father’s W-2 and 1099 forms; (2)
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failing to pay one-half of the children’s uncovered medical expenses totaling $5,756.93, for
which a judgment was entered on Mother’s behalf; (3) failing to maintain a life insurance
policy in the amount of $100,000 naming Mother as trustee for the benefit of the children;
(4) making derogatory remarks about Mother in front of the children and discouraging a
relationship between Mother and the children; and (5) falling behind $7,396.94 in child
support payment for which a judgment was entered in Mother’s behalf. The Trial Court also
ordered Father to pay $8,000 toward Mother’s attorney fees. The Trial Court added that
when the marital residence was sold, the various judgments entered against Father were to
be deducted from his share of the proceeds first before any remaining proceeds were
distributed to Father.
On October 22, 2009, a hearing was held on Father’s motion to set aside the
default judgment. The Trial Court denied the motion. After Father’s motion to alter or
amend the final judgment also was denied, he timely filed a notice of appeal.
A short Tenn. R. App. P. 24(c) statement of the evidence was filed with the
Trial Court. According to this joint statement:
[T]he parties hereby submit this Statement of Evidence for the
transmission of the record to the Tennessee Court of Appeals at
Knoxville.
On September 28, [2009], Defendant failed to appear at
the hearing for the Motion for Default and be heard on all
evidence surrounding the Motion for Default on the Counter-
Petition for Contempt and to Modify Parenting [Plan]. As a
result, an Order for a Default Judgment was entered in favor of
Plaintiff on September 29, 2009.
On October 27, [2009], the Court was presented evidence
of Defendant’s willful failure to pay child support payments,
medical, vision and dental expenses for the minor children,
repairs for the marital residence, and extracurricular activities
for the minor children. The evidence consisted of invoices,
receipts, canceled checks, and other documentation provided by
Plaintiff. Evidence was also presented of Defendant’s failure to
maintain life insurance and refusal to provide income
information to Plaintiff, as ordered in the Final Decree of
Divorce. The Court entered an Order on October 27, [2009],
finding Defendant in contempt of Court and awarding Plaintiff
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appropriate remedies. The Court held open the issue of
Defendant’s child support modification to determine whether
Defendant was entitled to a reduction in child support, and
scheduled the matter to be heard on November 10, 2009.
Father raises one issue on appeal which we quote: “The Trial Court erred when
it allowed [Mother] an entry of default and a judgment of default.”
Discussion
The factual findings of the Trial Court are accorded a presumption of
correctness, and we will not overturn those factual findings unless the evidence
preponderates against them. See Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d); Bogan v. Bogan, 60 S.W.3d 721,
727 (Tenn. 2001). With respect to legal issues, our review is conducted “under a pure de
novo standard of review, according no deference to the conclusions of law made by the lower
courts.” Southern Constructors, Inc. v. Loudon County Bd. of Educ., 58 S.W.3d 706, 710
(Tenn. 2001). The decision to grant a default judgment is reviewed under an abuse of
discretion standard. State of Tennessee ex. rel. Jones v. Looper, 86 S.W.3d 189, 193 (Tenn.
Ct. App. 2000).
The entry of a default judgment is governed by Tenn. R. Civ. P. 55, which
states, in pertinent part:
55.01. Entry. - When a party against whom a judgment for
affirmative relief is sought has failed to plead or otherwise
defend as provided by these rules and that fact is made to appear
by affidavit or otherwise, judgment by default may be entered as
follows:
The party entitled to a judgment by default shall apply to
the court. . . . [A]ll parties against whom a default judgment is
sought shall be served with a written notice of the application at
least five days before the hearing on the application, regardless
of whether the party has made an appearance in the action. . . .
If, in order to enable the court to enter judgment or to carry it
into effect, it is necessary to take an account or to determine the
amount of damages or to establish the truth of any averment by
evidence or to make an investigation of any other matter the
court may conduct such hearings or order such references as it
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deems necessary and proper and shall accord a right of trial by
jury to the parties when and as required by any statute.
Tenn. R. Civ. P. 55.01.
In Pache Indus., LLC v. Wallace Hardware Co., Inc., No. E2003-01483-COA-
R3-CV, 2003 WL 22668854 (Tenn. Ct. App. Nov. 12, 2003), this Court was confronted with
similar procedural facts which we summarized as follows:
Pache Industries, LLC (“Plaintiff”) sued Wallace Hardware Co.,
Inc. (“Defendant”) for unpaid invoices. Defendant was served
with the summons and complaint, but did not answer within
thirty days. Plaintiff filed a motion for default judgment. After
being served with the motion for default judgment, Defendant
hired an attorney, filed an answer to the complaint, and filed
responses to discovery requests. The Trial Court granted
Plaintiff a default judgment. Defendant filed a motion to set
aside the default judgment. The Trial Court denied the motion.
Defendant appeals. . . .
Pache, 2003 WL 22668854, at * 1.
The first issue we addressed in Pache was whether the trial court erred when
it granted the judgment by default. We noted that the decision to grant a default judgment
was discretionary, and under this standard the trial court’s decision:
“will be upheld so long as reasonable minds can disagree as to
[the] propriety of the decision made.” A trial court abuses its
discretion only when it “applie[s] an incorrect legal standard, or
reache[s] a decision which is against logic or reasoning that
cause[s] an injustice to the party complaining.” The abuse of
discretion standard does not permit the appellate court to
substitute its judgment for that of the trial court.
Pache, 2003 WL 22668854, at * 2 (quoting Eldridge v. Eldridge, 42 S.W.3d 82, 85 (Tenn.
2001)(citations omitted)).
Utilizing this standard of review, in Pache we affirmed the trial court’s entry
of a default judgment. We stated:
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The Trial Court granted the default judgment because
Defendant failed to comply with Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12, which
states: “A defendant shall serve an answer within thirty (30)
days after the service of the summons and complaint upon him.”
Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.01.
As this Court stated in the Looper case:
“The belated filing of an answer is not an adequate
response to a motion for default. There must be some
application to the court for relief from the failure to
timely file an answer.” The language of Rule 55.01
makes it clear that a judge, in the exercise of sound
judicial discretion, may enter a default judgment against
a party who has failed to plead or otherwise defend in
accordance with the rules, as long as proper notice of
hearing on the motion is given. . . . Under the rules, an
extension of time within which to file an already overdue
response is available in the discretion of the trial court,
for good cause shown, and upon a showing of excusable
neglect. While trial courts generally have discretion to
allow late filings, they are not compelled to do so.
State of Tennessee ex. rel. Jones v. Looper, 86 S.W.3d at 196
(citations omitted).
In this case, Defendant failed to file an answer within the
time period provided by Rule 12 of the Rules of Civil Procedure
or to otherwise timely defend as provided by the Rules of Civil
Procedure. Defendant then made no application for an
extension of time in which to respond to the complaint, but
instead merely filed a belated answer.
Defendant claims that this was not an “eleventh hour”
defense because its answer was filed eighteen days prior to the
hearing on the motion for default judgment. However, neither
the Rules of Civil Procedure nor case law provide that a default
judgment must be denied if an answer is filed prior to the court’s
hearing on the motion. Rule 12.01 clearly provides that a
complaint “shall” be answered within thirty days. Defendant did
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not do that. In addition, Defendant did not simply delay in
answering the complaint, but also delayed in hiring an attorney
for several weeks after being served with the motion for default
judgment. The Trial Court took into account the applicable law
and the facts before it and exercised its discretion under Rule
55.01 to grant a default judgment. The Trial Court neither
applied an incorrect legal standard nor reached a decision that is
against logic or reasoning that causes an injustice to Defendant.
Likewise, we believe that reasonable minds could disagree as to
the propriety of the decision made by the Trial Court, the very
essence of a discretionary decision. Given this, we are not
permitted to substitute our judgment for that of the Trial Court,
and, therefore, we affirm the Trial Court as to this issue.
Pache, 2003 WL 22668854, at * 3.
Returning to the present case, Father failed to file a timely response to
Mother’s counter-petition. He failed to request an extension from the Trial Court. He
delayed hiring an attorney until after the time to file a timely response to the counter-petition
had expired and Mother had filed the motion for default. No response to the counter-petition
was filed before the order granting the motion for default was entered. The order granting
the default judgment was entered over two months after Father’s response to the counter-
petition was due.
Based on these facts, we cannot conclude that the Trial Court abused its
discretion when it granted Mother’s motion for default. The Trial Court neither applied an
incorrect legal standard nor did it reach a decision that is against logic or reasoning that
causes an injustice to Father. At the very least, reasonable minds can differ as to the
propriety of the Trial Court’s entry of the default judgment. Therefore, the entry of the
default judgment is affirmed.1
1
Father does not raise as a separate issue whether the Trial Court erred when it refused to set aside
the entry of the default judgment, and we, therefore, express no opinion on that issue.
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Conclusion
The judgment of the Trial Court is affirmed, and this cause is remanded to the
Hamilton County Circuit Court solely for collection of the costs below. Costs on appeal are
taxed to the Appellant, Robert A. Myers, and his surety, for which execution may issue, if
necessary.
________________________________
D. MICHAEL SWINEY, JUDGE
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