IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
MARCH 2, 2010 Session
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. OSCAR JOE GARCIA
Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Madison County
No. 08-283 Roy B. Morgan, Jr., Judge
No. W2009-00592-CCA-R3-CD - Filed March 29, 2010
Following a jury trial, the defendant, Oscar Joe Garcia, was convicted of four counts of
facilitation of attempted second degree murder, four counts of facilitation of aggravated
assault, one count of felony reckless endangerment, and one count of possession of a
weapon with intent to employ during the commission of an offense. The trial court merged
the facilitation of aggravated assault convictions into the facilitation of attempted second
degree murder convictions and sentenced the defendant, as a Range I standard offender, to
six years for each of the facilitation convictions, two years for the felony reckless
endangerment conviction, and eleven months, twenty-nine days for the weapon conviction.
The court ordered the six-year sentences to be served consecutively and the remaining
sentences to be served concurrently, for a total effective sentence of twenty-four years. On
appeal, the defendant argues that the trial court erred in imposing consecutive sentences and
in denying his motion to correct and/or reduce his sentence. Based upon our review, we
affirm the judgments of the trial court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgments of the Circuit Court Affirmed
A LAN E. G LENN, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which JOHN E VERETT W ILLIAMS
and J.C. M CL IN, JJ., joined.
David W. Camp, Jackson, Tennessee, for the appellant, Oscar Joe Garcia.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Clarence E. Lutz, Assistant Attorney
General; James G. (Jerry) Woodall, District Attorney General; and Rolf Hazlehurst, Assistant
District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
FACTS
Robin Winberry testified that during the late night hours and early morning hours of
February 8-9, 2008, she was driving her vehicle, with Timmy Maness and Nicole Jones as
passengers. They went to the Hermitage Apartments to see friends named Jessica and Beth
Ann who began “yelling and screaming and jumping out.” Maness and Jones did the same
thing in response. After they picked up B.J. Henley, they returned to the Hermitage
Apartments, where there were “a lot of people.” Hearing a loud boom, which they believed
to be a gunshot, they left again. Later in the evening, as they were traveling down Vann
Drive, another car was behind them, and Winberry saw Ryan Lewis get out of it with a long,
black gun. She “took off at the light,” driving at an estimated speed of fifty miles per hour,
and then saw Lewis’ car come up beside her. Winberry described what happened next:
BJ called out, “Look out the window,” and I just remember like going
on the steering wheel and covering my head, and then I guess I blacked out for
a minute, and I remember getting out of – Timmy telling me to stop ‘cause I
had went across the street going towards the up ramp where you come down,
and I remember getting out and asking Timmy to call my mom, and then I just
sat there behind the car and Nicole sat there with me.
Winberry said that the last thing she remembered before being shot was seeing the
defendant, whom she knew as AJ Alvarez, “out the window with that gun.” She said she had
“no doubt” that the defendant was the one who shot her. Winberry said that shotgun pellets
struck her face, ears, and arm and that she still had pellets in her body: “Some of them came
out of my mouth. They’re still in my face, most of them are. All of them are still in my arm.
Didn’t have any surgery, nothing like that.” On cross-examination, Winberry acknowledged
that she had been drinking vodka and smoking marijuana the night she was shot. She said
that her vehicle had tinted windows.
Dorothy1 Williams testified that on February 8-9, 2008, she was a passenger in
Winberry’s vehicle. She said that after they drove by the Hermitage Apartments a second
time, Ryan Lewis fired a shot toward their car, and they drove off, examined the car for
damage, and then went to “get some weed.” She said that, later in the evening, as they were
driving around, she saw Lewis getting out of a vehicle, carrying a firearm, and coming
toward their vehicle. Williams then described the shot being fired into the vehicle in which
she was riding:
A [W]e were going down Vann Drive, and we pulled up to the light by the
state trooper’s office and that’s when they pulled up beside us. I never seen
AJ. I don’t even know who he is. I seen Ryan Lewis the whole time. But I
1
Williams testified that she also went by the name “Nicole.”
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know there was somebody else in the car, and Robin was like, “They got a
gun,” and I dunked my head, and that’s when she got shot.
Q And the car that the shot came from, what did it do?
A They were still sitting there. Robin went on through the light. You
know how the ramp comes down? She went on up through that. Her car was
coming down, and we had to make her stop. Then we got out of the car, and
then they pulled off and went that way, and we were screaming, “You shot
Robin. You shot Robin,” and then that’s when I called 911.
On cross-examination, Williams said that she did not know who fired the shot into the car.
Timothy Maness testified that he was a passenger in Winberry’s car on February 8-9,
2008. He said that, the second time they went by the Hermitage Apartments that night, they
drove away after hearing a gunshot. He said that later, as they were stopped at a red light,
“a car pulled up beside [them] and some guy was hanging out of the car with a gun,” and
Winberry was shot. He said that the person with the gun was not Ryan Lewis, who was
driving the car. On cross-examination, Maness said that he and Winberry had been drinking
vodka and smoking marijuana earlier that evening. He said that he and Winberry could have
shared as many as five “blunts.”
Billy Wayne Henley, Jr. testified that on February 8-9, 2008, he was riding in
Winberry’s car and, as they were leaving the Hermitage Apartments, he saw Ryan Lewis fire
a shotgun at the car. He said that, later in the evening, Winberry was shot in the face, but he
did not see who fired the shot.
Officer Steven Story of the Jackson Police Department testified that he was called to
the scene of the shooting on February 9, 2008. At the scene, he found and tagged as evidence
shotgun wadding which he recovered from the front seat of Winberry’s vehicle.
Amy Oxley testified that she was an evidence technician and latent fingerprint
examiner with the Jackson Police Department. She identified shotgun wadding which she
collected from the rocker panel area of the passenger side of the victims’ vehicle. She said
that the shotgun blast had struck the vehicle just forward of the rear passenger door.
Additionally, she removed shotgun pellets from both the driver’s and passenger’s seats of the
vehicle.
Sergeant Tyreece Miller testified that he was an investigator with the Jackson Police
Department. Sergeant Miller said that the defendant made no mention in his first statement
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of the shooting. However, in his second statement, the defendant acknowledged firing the
weapon at Winberry’s automobile:
It says, “I’m sorry for lying, get in more trouble. I never intended to shoot at
the window. It was an accident. Sorry for everything. I had been drinking.
Robin had never done anything to make me want to hurt her, and I never was
trying to. I’m so sorry for everything. Hope someday I can apologize to her
and everybody in the car for putting their life at risk. I’m dumb for even
hanging out with Ryan ‘cause the problems was . . . his with the car and I
chose to make it mine for some dumb reason ‘cause I was drunk and I know
that I could have hurt her worse, but I never intended to really shoot anybody.
It was an accident. Maybe I need some time to think about how dumb I am.
Ryan asked me to shoot at the car ‘cause he was driving. We hid the gun by
a garbage can beside the Horizon. Ryan asked where it was so he could come
back and get it. I went back and got it. Chris King has it.”
Sergeant Miller said that, based upon the statement, he contacted Chris King and
asked him to bring the shotgun to the Jackson Police Department, which he did. The
defendant later signed a photograph of King, writing, “This is Chris King, Amanda’s
nephew’s friend. He took me to get the gun and he has it now.”
Sergeant Miller testified as to what was shown in the photographs he took of
Winberry’s injuries:
The first one is a picture of the side of her face and her left arm. The
second one is a close-up of her left arm. Close-up of her face. Another close-
up of her left arm. A close-up of the left side of her face behind her ear. You
can see where pellets impacted her ear and behind her ear. The next one is just
a photograph of the same. The next one is a photograph of just a face shot.
The next one is a close-up of where the pellet impacted her nose. The next one
is where pellets were under her bottom lip and on her left cheek. The next one
is just a duplicate of the previous. Next is a close-up of the left ear, left cheek.
And the same thing. Another close-up of her left arm. The next one is her
right finger where a pellet impacted her right finger. And the next one is just
a close-up of the right finger. The next one is, she’s pulling her top lip up and
you can see where a pellet is coming through. It entered here and you can see
it’s – inside her mouth you can see it there. The next one is someone has lifted
her hair up. You can see where some of it impacted just above her left ear.
And the next one is the same. You can see where it impacted her scalp above
the left ear.
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Sergeant Miller said that, during an unrecorded interview, the defendant admitted that
he fired the shot that hit Winberry. During cross-examination, Sergeant Miller acknowledged
that, in his written statements, the defendant did not admit he shot Winberry. He also
acknowledged that no fingerprints were lifted from the shotgun and that no testing for
gunshot residue was performed on the defendant.
Chris King testified that on the day of the shooting he gave the defendant a ride home
from his girlfriend’s house, and the defendant asked him to “stop at the Horizon off F.E.
Wright” where the defendant retrieved a shotgun.2 King asked the defendant what he was
going to do with the gun and if he “could get it.” He said that he got the gun from the
defendant the day before Sergeant Miller called him and that he carried the gun to the police
station the day after the shooting.
The twenty-year-old defendant testified that on the evening of February 8, 2008, he,
Blake Bailey, Adam Moore, and Kyle Ross went to the Hermitage Apartments in Ross’s car.
Ryan Lewis, who was alone, followed behind them in another car. At the apartment
complex, the defendant saw Jessica, Beth Ann, and others outside and described what
happened next: “[S]ome arguments were made between Jessica, . . ., in the car, and . . . I
didn’t know anything about Lewis’ house being shot up or anything about that, but I heard
a shot being fired, and it was . . . from Lewis at [Robin Winberry’s] car.”
The defendant said that he and Bailey then got back in the car with Ross and went to
Kroger Lynnwood. Because Ross could not give them a ride home, the defendant called
Lewis who came and picked up him and Bailey. Lewis drove Bailey home and then
proceeded to drive the defendant to his girlfriend’s house. After they got onto the bypass
headed toward Interstate 40, Lewis saw Winberry’s car pull up beside them. They stopped
at the traffic light at Vann Drive and the exit ramp. Lewis then got out of the car, retrieved
a shotgun from the backseat, loaded it, cocked it, and walked toward Winberry’s car. Lewis,
who was “enraged,” returned to the car with the gun and chased after Winberry’s car.
The defendant said that, when they caught up with Winberry’s car, Lewis pulled up
alongside it, rolled down the power window on the passenger’s side where the defendant was
sitting, and asked the defendant to shoot at the car. Lewis pointed the gun out the
defendant’s window toward Winberry’s car, the defendant grabbed the barrel of the gun, and
it discharged. The defendant said that Lewis’ hand, not his, was on the trigger when the gun
discharged. The defendant said that he noticed a window had been hit on Winberry’s car.
2
King also testified that he first saw the shotgun at the defendant’s house. When asked to clarify his
testimony about seeing the gun at the Horizon, King said, “Well I didn’t see it. I mean, he had something.”
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He said that Lewis immediately ran the traffic light and got onto the interstate headed toward
Nashville. Lewis then exited the interstate by Pringle Park and drove to the Horizon where
they hid the gun. The defendant said he helped Lewis hide the gun because “the shot came
from my window, and I knew that I’d be looked at like I fired the shot.” The defendant then
went to his girlfriend’s house and was there about twenty minutes before Chris King arrived.
He then went back to the Horizon to get the gun to “cover up [his] foot tracks.” He gave the
gun to King because he was afraid of “being in trouble for these charges and possibly Lewis
. . . getting the gun and doing something else with it.” He said that he never intended for
anyone to get shot when he grabbed the gun and that he was only “trying to diffuse the
situation.”
On cross-examination, the defendant acknowledged that he also went by the name of
AJ Alvarez. The defendant admitted that he had lied to Sergeant Miller “over and over
again” and that both his girlfriend and his mother had lied for him. The defendant
maintained that the shooting was accidental but acknowledged that he and Lewis did not stop
to check on the victims or call 9-1-1.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, the defendant argues both that the trial court erred in imposing consecutive
sentences and in denying the defendant’s motion for a reduction of his sentence. We will
review these issues.
I. Consecutive Sentencing
The defendant argues that the fact he received an effective sentence of twenty-four
years, while his co-defendant was sentenced to fifteen years, violates the holding of State v.
David Lamar Hayes, No. M2002-01331-CCA-R3-CD, 2004 WL 1778478 (Tenn. Crim. App.
Aug. 9, 2004), perm. to appeal denied (Tenn. May 23, 2005), as well as the dictates of
Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-103.
In sentencing the defendant, the court found as follows:
The Court’s considered the entire record in this case. I do recall the
testimony and exhibits from the trial of the matter and consider the presentence
report, the victim’s statement and the bills that have been submitted today. I
note there are no mitigating factors that have been filed on behalf of the
[d]efendant, and that the Court considers the youth of the [d]efendant as a
mitigating factor but nothing further could be found as the Court reviewed in
my own mind about mitigation.
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As to enhancing factors, I have reviewed those enhancing factors that
have been filed by the State and note that the Court does find that there’s a
history sufficient beyond that to establish the range, and he is a Range I
Offender, and enhancing factors can be considered.
There was more than one victim involved in this case. It was a vehicle
that contained several victims, and, of course, a finding of guilty relating to
four victims in the case.
The Court also considers this [d]efendant has failed to comply with
conditions in the past, and that’s already been alluded to in that he was on
probation at the time of this offense. The [d]efendant committed crimes that
were a high risk to human life. The [d]efendant, and this is very important in
the Court’s consideration, committed these serious offenses for which he has
been found guilty while he was released on probation at the time, that being
probation I believe out of General Sessions Court.
Those are certainly proper factors for the Court to consider, and I
wanted to note each of those. No one factor is – I’m not emphasizing how
much more weight, but the last factor I mentioned regarding the offense
occurring while released on probation is certainly an important factor.
The court made additional findings in determining that certain of the sentences should
be served consecutively:
Now, as to the issue of consecutive in this case, . . ., I do find
considering what is set forth in the statute on the issue of consecutive
sentencing that the [d]efendant does have a criminal record. I can consider this
record according to that case authority just submitted by the State. He does
have a criminal record that involves prior offenses that can be considered by
the Court. I get concerned as to whether it’s considered extensive. If I can
consider this particular case to be factor, I certainly think it’s extensive
because this case carries quite a few convictions. I am considering those
which have been unchallenged in the presentence report, and when I consider
those in conjunction with this particular case for which he’s now been
convicted of 10 separate counts, I think it qualifies for purposes of the statute
under I believe 40-35-115 for extensive, and that can be a factor in considering
consecutive.
He has displayed, and this is another factor, disregard for human life in
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this particular case. The acts committed which displayed a high disregard, a
high risk to human life, and I think that’s a factor in this case just considering
the facts of the case and the proof that was submitted to the jury.
And again, one of the major factors of consideration is that this
[d]efendant with his prior criminal history was on probation at the time the
offense was committed, and that is a factor that weighs against him in deciding
consecutive sentencing.
I find that confinement is necessary for an extended period of time to
protect society from the [d]efendant because of his unwillingness to comply
and follow the rules when placed and given the opportunity such as on
probation in the past, and that is a factor that weighs with the Court today in
deciding consecutive sentenc[ing].
So in making those findings, I think consecutive sentenc[ing] is going
to be appropriate for consideration. It’s just to what extent should consecutive
sentencing lie in this case. Noting previously the mergers, I find under the
facts of this case that it would be appropriate that Counts 1, 3, 5 and 7 be
consecutive with each other and that this total effective sentence with Counts
9 and 10 concurrent would be a total effective sentence of 24 years as a Range
I Offender. He would be eligible for release at 30 percent, but there is no
automatic release time under the circumstances.
The defendant does not contest any of these findings by the trial court, only the court’s
setting of an effective twenty-four-year sentence, which, in the defendant’s view, creates an
illegal disparity when compared with the fifteen-year sentence imposed on his co-defendant.
We will review this claim.
When an accused challenges the length and manner of service of a sentence, it is the
duty of this court to conduct a de novo review on the record with a presumption that “the
determinations made by the court from which the appeal is taken are correct.” Tenn. Code
Ann. § 40-35-401(d) (2006). This presumption is “conditioned upon the affirmative showing
in the record that the trial court considered the sentencing principles and all relevant facts and
circumstances.” State v. Ashby, 823 S.W.2d 166, 169 (Tenn. 1991). The presumption does
not apply to the legal conclusions reached by the trial court in sentencing the accused or to
the determinations made by the trial court which are predicated upon uncontroverted facts.
State v. Butler, 900 S.W.2d 305, 311 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994); State v. Smith, 891 S.W.2d
922, 929 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994); State v. Bonestel, 871 S.W.2d 163, 166 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 1993), overruled on other grounds by State v. Hooper, 29 S.W.3d 1, 9 (Tenn. 2000).
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In conducting a de novo review of a sentence, this court must consider (a) any
evidence received at the trial and/or sentencing hearing, (b) the presentence report, (c) the
principles of sentencing, (d) the arguments of counsel relative to sentencing alternatives, (e)
the nature and characteristics of the offense, (f) any mitigating or enhancement factors, (g)
any statistical information provided by the administrative office of the courts as to Tennessee
sentencing practices for similar offenses, (h) any statements made by the accused in his own
behalf, and (i) the accused’s potential or lack of potential for rehabilitation or treatment.
Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 40-35-103, -210 (2006); State v. Taylor, 63 S.W.3d 400, 411 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 2001). The party challenging the sentence imposed by the trial court has the
burden of establishing that the sentence is erroneous. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-401 (2006),
Sentencing Commission Cmts.; Ashby, 823 S.W.2d at 169.
Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-115(b) provides that it is within the trial
court’s discretion to impose consecutive sentencing if it finds by a preponderance of the
evidence that any one of a number of criteria applies, including that “[t]he defendant is an
offender whose record of criminal activity is extensive,” and “[t]he defendant is sentenced
for an offense committed while on probation[.]” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b)(2) & (6)
(2006). The defendant does not contest the application of these factors, and we conclude that
the record supports the imposition of consecutive sentencing.
Given the fact of the defendant’s prior convictions and his being on probation at the
time of the commission of the offenses which are the basis for this appeal, we conclude that
the trial court did not abuse its discretion in sentencing the defendant.
II. Motion for Correction or Reduction of Sentence
The defendant also argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion, pursuant to
Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 35, for a correction or reduction of his sentence. His
arguments in this regard are that, even though he went to trial, he should have received the
same sentence as his co-defendant, who pled guilty. We respectfully disagree.
In State v. Mann, 959 S.W.2d 503 (Tenn. 1997), our supreme court set out the
differing treatment which could be afforded to those defendants who plead guilty:
A defendant who pleads guilty extends a substantial benefit to the
criminal justice system, and in exchange, the State is entitled to extend a less
harsh sentence than might otherwise be given. Likewise, if a plea offer is
rejected, the State may prosecute the defendant to the fullest extent possible
and seek whatever punishment is appropriate under the law.
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Id. at 509 (citations omitted).
The defendant’s argument that he should have received the same sentence as his co-
defendant overlooks several critical facts. Although the defendant testified at trial to the
contrary, Winberry testified that it was the defendant who fired the shotgun from the
passenger seat of his vehicle into her vehicle and that his co-defendant was driving.
Additionally, the defendant cannot expect the same treatment as that given his co-defendant
because the co-defendant pled guilty. We agree with the State that the holding in David
Lamar Hayes, 2004 WL 1778478, does not benefit the defendant. In that case, the defendant,
who was thirty-seven years of age, was sentenced to an effective sentence of 220 years, to
be served at 100% for thirteen counts of rape of a child and seven counts of rape. Id. at *10.
This court reduced the effective sentence to sixty-six years, explaining that “we believe this
particular effective sentence of 220 years far exceeds that allowed under our general
sentencing principles.” Id.
This defendant received an effective sentence of twenty-four years for discharging a
shotgun into an automobile occupied by four persons, with pellets striking one victim in the
arm and face. We conclude, as did the trial court, that a sentence of twenty-four years is
within the sentencing principles.
CONCLUSION
Based upon the foregoing authorities and reasoning, we affirm the judgments of the
trial court.
_________________________________
ALAN E. GLENN, JUDGE
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