IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
Assigned on Briefs December 6, 2006
NANCI I. HOLDEN v. PAUL D. HOLDEN
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Hamilton County
No. 01 D 202 Jacqueline E. Schulten, Judge
No. E2006-00902-COA-R3-CV - FILED MAY 31, 2007
This is a post-divorce case. Paul D. Holden (“Husband”) filed a petition against his former spouse,
Nanci I. Holden (“Wife”), seeking to modify the parties’ residential parenting plan pertaining to their
minor children. Around the same time, the Department of Children’s Services (“DCS”) received an
anonymous referral regarding the children’s “safety and possible sexual abuse” at Wife’s residence.
The trial court subsequently appointed a guardian ad litem for the children. The court found, as was
recommended by the guardian ad litem, that Husband was entitled to more parenting time with the
children. The court also found that there was no foundation for the complaint made to DCS
regarding the children. The court ordered Husband to pay the fees of the guardian ad litem.
Husband appeals that order. We affirm.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court
Affirmed; Case Remanded
CHARLES D. SUSANO , JR., J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which D. MICHAEL SWINEY and
SHARON G. LEE, JJ., joined.
Cara C. Welsh, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellant, Paul D. Holden.
John M. Higgason, Jr., Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellee, Nanci I. Holden.
OPINION
I.
The parties were divorced in June 2001. They have two minor children, Brian Joseph Holden
and Emily Pearl Holden. At the time of the divorce, Brian was seven years old and Emily was eight
months old.
The judgment of divorce designated Wife as the primary residential parent. It incorporated
the residential schedules set forth in the parties’ permanent parenting plan. Husband’s time with
Brian began every other Friday at 6:30 p.m. and extended to 8:00 p.m. on Saturday. Due to Emily’s
age, Husband’s time with her was limited. It began at 10:00 a.m. on every other Saturday and lasted
until 8:00 p.m. the same day. Husband was also given time with the children every Tuesday from
6:00 p.m. until 8:00 p.m. The parenting plan states that “[s]aid schedule shall be increased as age
appropriate for the children upon agreement of the parties or further order of the Court.” The plan
also divided the children’s holiday schedules between the parties.
Following the divorce, Wife and the children continued to live in Chattanooga. Husband,
on the other hand, moved to Calhoun, Georgia. He currently resides there with his new wife and her
two minor children. To his credit, the record reflects that Husband has not missed a child support
payment since the entry of the divorce judgment.
In January 2002, the parties agreed that Husband would pick up both children every other
Friday at 6:00 p.m. and return them on Sunday at 4:00 p.m. Wife agreed to this arrangement
because, under the original residential schedule, Husband was forced to drive from Calhoun to
Chattanooga on Friday evening to pick up Brian and then again on Saturday morning to pick up
Emily. According to Husband, the parties followed the new schedule until April 2004, when Wife
elected to return to the schedule mandated by the divorce judgment.
Husband filed a petition to modify the permanent parenting plan on June 3, 2004. Husband’s
petition included a new proposed plan, which gave him time with the children beginning at 6:00 p.m.
every other Friday to Sunday at 6:00 p.m., three weeks during the summer, and various other
holidays. In her answer to Husband’s petition, Wife admitted that she had previously allowed
Husband to have additional time with the children but stated that she had returned to the original
schedule because Husband had abused his expanded time “by disrespecting [her] and cursing her in
the vilest forms of language in the presence of the parties’ children.” Wife also filed a counter-
petition in which she requested, among other things, that Husband be found in contempt and
“appropriately punished for his vile and obscene language to [her] in the presence of the parties’
minor children.”
Sometime prior to October 2004, DCS received an anonymous referral regarding the living
conditions at Wife’s home. According to the DCS employee who investigated the referral, the
anonymous caller indicated that the house was filthy and dangerous for the children. Wife secured
the issuance of a subpoena duces tecum for the notes/report of the DCS investigator. DCS filed a
motion to quash the subpoena and for a protective order to prevent the disclosure of information and
materials used in its investigation. Wife responded by stating that T.C.A. § 37-1-612(h) (2005)
provides that disclosure of such information was allowed “for the purpose of protecting a child or
children from child abuse or neglect or child sexual abuse.” Id. Wife denied that she was guilty of
such abuse or neglect and argued that, if such conduct was being perpetrated upon the children, it
was imperative that she know the specifics so she could protect the children.
The trial court held a hearing on DCS’s motion. At that hearing, Husband denied making
the anonymous referral to DCS. However, he “did admit in open Court that he was aware of the
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referral.” According to the Statement of Evidence adopted by the trial court, the court advised
Husband at this hearing that “if no proof or evidence was produced to sustain the . . . referral [to
DCS] that [Husband] would be responsible for the Guardian Ad Litem fees.” The trial court
ultimately granted DCS’s motion to quash, stating that it had found “no allegations of child abuse
or neglect or child sexual abuse upon which to make a determination as to the disclosure of any
pending investigation by [DCS].” The court also found that the appointment of a guardian ad litem
was appropriate. The court then appointed Robin Miller (“the GAL”) as the children’s guardian ad
litem and stated that the GAL was “to assess the minor children’s situation with regard to any child
abuse, neglect, or child sexual abuse, including discussion with the [DCS] investigator and review
of the investigator’s file as provided by [s]tatute.”
The GAL subsequently submitted her report and recommendations to the trial court. The
report states that, though Wife’s home was somewhat cluttered from remodeling projects, it was
clean and had adequate play areas, sleeping areas, cooking and eating areas, and a nice yard for the
children. The report also provides that the GAL spoke with the DCS investigator. The GAL noted
that it was her understanding that the investigator was going to report that the complaint was
unfounded.
The GAL recommended that the parties’ original residential parenting plan be modified to
allow Husband additional time with children. In particular, the GAL recommended that Husband
have the children on the first and third weekends of every month beginning at 6:00 p.m. on Friday
and ending at 6:00 p.m. on Sunday. The GAL also recommended that Husband be given three weeks
of parenting time during the summer, one week at Christmas, alternate Spring Breaks, and a division
of the Thanksgiving holiday that would accommodate family plans. The GAL also found that
Husband’s proposed schedule for other holidays was reasonable.
The trial court entered an order, which set forth the following findings and conclusions:
The parties herein are the parents of the minor children, Brian and
Emily, and they do not like each other;
There appears no foundation to the complaint made to [DCS] against
[Wife] and the cost of the [GAL] will therefore be assessed against
[Husband].
* * *
That many of the recommendations made by the [GAL], who
performed a valuable service to the Court on behalf of the minor
children, should be adopted and incorporated into the Parenting
Plan. . . .
(Paragraph numbering in original omitted).
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Husband filed a motion to alter or amend the trial court’s order, arguing that the court had
erred in ordering him to pay the fees of the GAL. Wife responded by arguing that Husband’s motion
should be denied because “on the date [the GAL] was appointed, [the trial judge] announced in open
Court that if [Husband] could not substantiate the allegations of abuse as to the parties’ children that
he would be responsible for the fees of the [GAL].” The trial court denied Husband’s motion. The
GAL subsequently filed a motion for the payment of her fees, a motion which documented $5,750
in fees. The trial court awarded the GAL a judgment against Husband in the amount $3,500.
Husband appeals this judgment against him.
II.
In this non-jury case, our standard of review is de novo upon the record of the proceedings
below; however, the record comes to us with a presumption of correctness as to the trial court’s
factual findings, a presumption we must honor unless the preponderance of the evidence is
otherwise. Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d); Wright v. City of Knoxville, 898 S.W.2d 177, 181 (Tenn. 1995).
Our review of questions of law is de novo with no presumption of correctness attaching to the trial
court’s conclusions of law. Campbell v. Florida Steel Corp., 919 S.W.2d 26, 35 (Tenn. 1996).
III.
Husband’s primary issue on appeal is whether or not the trial court erred by adjudging the
fees of the GAL against him. He contends that the trial court should not have ordered him to pay
the fees because (1) he was the “prevailing party” with respect to his petition to modify the
residential parenting plan; and (2) “there were no equitable considerations present in this case which
would justify disregarding the general rule [that the court should award discretionary costs to, rather
than against, the “prevailing party”].” Husband asserts that the trial court ordered him to pay the
GAL fees because the court believed Husband was responsible for the anonymous referral to DCS
regarding the children’s living conditions at Wife’s home. Husband argues that this rationale
violates the spirit of T.C.A. § 37-1-409 (2005) – i.e., the statute that requires reports of suspected
child abuse, and the identity of the reporter, to be kept confidential in order to protect the child or
children and to encourage individuals to make such reports to the authorities. These arguments miss
the mark in this case.
Rule 54.04(2) of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure specifically includes guardian ad
litem fees in the class of allowable discretionary costs.1 The assessment of such costs falls within
1
Tenn. R. Civ. P. 54.04(2), which permits the court to award discretionary costs, provides, in pertinent part,
as follows:
Costs not included in the bill of costs prepared by the clerk are allowable only in the
court’s discretion. Discretionary costs allowable are: reasonable and necessary
court reporter expenses for depositions or trials, reasonable and necessary expert
witness fees for depositions (or stipulated reports) and for trials, reasonable and
(continued...)
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the reasonable discretion of the trial court, which may allocate the costs between the parties as it
feels the equities require. Perdue v. Green Branch Min. Co., 837 S.W.2d 56, 60 (Tenn. 1992). In
reviewing the trial court’s assessment of these costs, we employ an abuse of discretion standard.
Mass. Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Jefferson, 104 S.W.3d 13, 35 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2002). We cannot
substitute our judgment for that of the trial court. Id. A trial court abuses its discretion when it
“applies an incorrect legal standard, reaches a decision that is illogical, bases its decision on a clearly
erroneous assessment of the evidence, or employs reasoning that causes an injustice to the
complaining party.” Id.
The trial court held multiple hearings in this case. The Statement of Evidence reflects
“[e]xtensive hearings on the matter were held on June 7, 2005, and on July 27, 2005.” However, we
have no record of the testimony of the witnesses at those hearings. While the Statement of Evidence
is four pages long, it is basically a recitation of the procedural history of the case rather than a
statement of the evidence. Because of the paucity of the record, we do not know what prompted the
trial court’s decision to burden Husband with a portion of the GAL’s fees. It may well have been
the statement of Husband in open court that he was “aware” of the complaint to DCS. In any event,
the sparse record before us makes it impossible for us to assess the propriety of the trial court’s fee
decision. In the absence of the evidence presented to the trial court, we must presume that the trial
court was presented with evidence to support its decision. See Taylor v. Allstate Ins. Co., 158
S.W.3d 929, 931 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2004); Sherrod v. Wix, 849 S.W.2d 780, 783 (Tenn. Ct. App.
1992). Accordingly, we uphold the trial court’s assessment of the GAL fees against Husband.
IV.
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed. This case is remanded to the trial court for
enforcement of that court’s judgment and for collection of costs assessed below, all pursuant to
applicable law. Costs on appeal are taxed to the appellant, Paul D. Holden.
_______________________________
CHARLES D. SUSANO, JR., JUDGE
1
(...continued)
necessary interpreter fees for depositions or trials, and guardian ad litem fees; travel
expenses are not allowable discretionary costs. . . .
(Emphasis added).
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