Alvin King v. Shelby County Government Civil Service Merit Board

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
On-Brief August 4, 2006

ALVIN KING v. SHELBY COUNTY GOVERNMENT CIVIL SERVICE
MERIT BOARD

A Direct Appeal from the Chancery Court for Shelby County
No. CH-04-0355-2 The Honorable Arnold Goldin, Chancellor

No. W2006-01079-COA-R3-CV - Filed August 31, 2006

Employment of a Shelby County Deputy Sheriff was terminated and the decision was upheld
by the Shelby County Civil Service Merit Board. The employee filed a petition for writ of certiorari
in the Chancery Court of Shelby County. The administrative record was duly filed in the trial court.
Subsequently, the chancery court entered an order denying writ of certiorari. We vacate the trial
court’s order and remand for further proceedings.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Vacated and
Remanded

W. FRANK CRAWFORD , P.J., W.S., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ALAN E. HIGHERS,
J. and DAVID R. FARMER , J., joined.

Darrell J. O'Neal of Memphis, Tennessee for Appellant, Alvin King

Martin W. Zummach of Germantown, Tennessee for Appellee, Shelby County Government Civil
Service Merit Board

OPINION

Alvin King (“Petitioner,” or “Appellant”) was employed by the Shelby County Sheriff’s
Department (the “Department”) as a Deputy Jailer. On or about August 11, 2003, Mr. King was
assigned to relieve another officer and to monitor and supervise the activities of a group of inmates
on the fourth floor, K-pod of the Shelby County Jail. While Mr. King was supervising this group,
one of the inmates, Terry Farris, complained of an injury to his eye. Mr. King procured ice for the
inmate’s eye, but did not report the incident as required by the internal policy of the Department.
 On or about August 15, 2003, the Department opened an investigation through its Internal
Affairs Division. The report issued by the Internal Affairs Division following its investigation
indicates that Inmate Farris gave a tape-recorded statement, in which the inmate stated:1

Farris stated five cell is where Officer King allows the inmates to go
inside and fight. Farris stated he told Officer King he needed to see
medical and Officer King said, “No.” Farris said he told him again
and Officer King, “Ain’t never said nothing.” Officer King kept
walking around the pod...looking in the cell.... Farris reiterated
Officer King having seen his eye because he walked right up to
Officer King and told him what had happened.

Several other officers testified by tape-recorded statement to the Internal Affairs Division.
According to the Internal Affairs Division Report, Mr. King’s tape-recorded statement contained the
following:

Officer King advised he had a brief conversation with Farris. Officer
King advised he asked Farris if he wanted to go to medical but he and
Farris agreed to let it go, “They were going to let everything die.”
Officer King advised he did see Farris’ eye and he did not send him
to medical. Officer King acknowledged it being policy that if an
inmate has any type of injury he is to see medical. Officer King
further acknowledged he did not contact the Sergeant and he did not
make any entry into the computer in reference to the incident. Officer
King acknowledged making his rounds in the pod, seeing Farris and
still not sending him to Medical. Officer King stated he went and got
ice for Farris. Officer King advised he did not see the fight and he
does not know what happened. Officer King acknowledged Farris did
not say he actually had a fight with another inmate. Officer King
stated there is no truth to the allegation that he allows inmates to fight
in five cell.

1
This Internal Affairs Division Report was admitted as Exhibit 1 at the hearing before the Board.

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The Internal Affairs Division concluded that, based upon the information gleaned during its
investigation, Mr. King may be in violation of Departmental Rules and Regulations SOR 601 for
Failure to Complete Official Reports,2 and SOR 120 for Neglect of Duty.3

On September 8, 2003, a “Loudermill Hearing” was held in order to give Mr. King an
opportunity to address the charges of violation of SOR 601 and SOR 102. Lieutenant Opal Craine
presided over the hearing, at which Ms. S. Renfroe appeared on behalf of the Department, and
Corporal Charlie Hubbard appeared on behalf of Mr. King. Because of our decision in this case, we
do not find it necessary to recite the minutia of the testimony at the hearings.

On or about September 10, 2003, Lieutenant Craine informed Mr. King by letter that, based
upon the evidence adduced at the hearing, Mr. King was guilty of neglect of duty and that his
position with the Department would be terminated effective September 11, 2003. The letter also
informs Mr. King of his right to appeal.

Mr. King filed a timely appeal to the Shelby County Civil Service Merit Board (the “Board,”
or “Appellee”). A hearing was held before the Board on December 11, 2003. The Board ultimately
upheld the charges against Mr. King. On or about December 19, 2004, the Board issued its Decision
upholding termination of Mr. King’s employment.

On February 17, 2004, Mr. King filed a petition in the Chancery Court of Shelby County for
a Writ of Certiorari, and the court granted the writ on the same day. The Board filed its Answer on
March 5, 2004. Mr. King’s petition came before the trial court for hearing on April 25, 2006.4
Following the hearing, on May 5, 2005, the trial court entered its “Order Denying Writ of Certiorari.”
Mr. King appeals and raises two issues for review as stated in his brief:

1. Whether the trial court erred when it upheld the Civil Service
Merit Board’s decision when it deprived the Petitioner of his
constitutional and statutory rights when the hearing continued without
his legal representative present.

2
SOR 601 COMPLETING OFFICIAL REPORTS: An employee shall make reports promptly, accurately,
completely, and in full conformity with specifications of the SCSO as required by his/her job position. An employee
shall make all necessary reports as required as soon as possible and practicable before going off duty....

3
SOR 120 NEGLECT OF DUTY: (A) Each employee, because of his/her rank and assignment, is required to
perform certain duties and assume certain responsibilities. Failure to properly function in these area[s] constitutes neglect
of duty. This regulation prohibits any omission or failure to act by any employee of the SCSO, whether on duty or off
duty, when such action is required by the stated policy, goals, rules, regulations, orders and directives of the SCSO. It
applies to any employee who, through carelessness, inefficiency, or design, fails to implement the policy, goals, rules,
regulations, orders, training, and directives of the SCSO. W hen a violation poses a risk to the safety or security of the
public, fellow employees or inmates/detainees.

4
W e note that Mr. King was represented by counsel at this hearing.

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 2. Whether the trial court erred when it upheld a Civil Service
Commission’s decision that was not supported with substantial
evidence.

This is an appeal from the trial court's order denying Writ of Certiorari. T.C.A. § 27-8-101
(2000) provides:

The writ of certiorari may be granted whenever authorized by law,
and also in all cases where an inferior tribunal, board, or officer
exercising judicial functions has exceeded the jurisdiction conferred,
or is acting illegally, when, in the judgment of the court, there is no
other plain, speedy, or adequate remedy.

The court's review under such a writ is limited to whether the inferior board or tribunal
exceeded its jurisdiction or acted illegally, arbitrarily, or fraudulently. McCallen v. City of Memphis,
786 S.W.2d 633, 640 (Tenn.1990). The reviewing court does not re-weigh the evidence, but must
uphold the board's decision if the board acted within its jurisdiction, did not act illegally or arbitrarily
or fraudulently, and if there is any material evidence to support the board's findings. Watts v. Civil
Serv. Bd. of Columbia, 606 S.W.2d 274, 276-77 (Tenn.1980); Davison, 659 S.W.2d at 363. These
determinations are issues of law. Watts, 606 S .W.2d at 277. Our review of the trial court's
conclusions on matters of law is de novo with no presumption of correctness. Bowden v. Ward, 27
S.W.3d 913, 916 (Tenn.2000); Tenn. R. App P. 13(d).

It is undisputed that Mr. King was a classified employee in the Shelby County civil service
whose terms of employment were governed by the Shelby County Civil Service Merit Act as enacted
by 1971 Tenn. Priv. Act ch. 110. The Merit Act stipulates that classified county employees may be
terminated only for just cause. 1971 Tenn. Priv. Acts ch. 110 § 21. Such employees possess a
property interest in their continued employment which may not be deprived by the State without due
process. Cleveland Bd. of Educ. v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532, 538-39, 105 S.Ct. 1487, 84 L.Ed.2d
494 (1985). The question that arises in this case concerns what process is therefore due. The most
fundamental element of due process is “the opportunity to be heard ‘at a meaningful time and in a
meaningful manner.’” Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 333, 96 S.Ct. 893, 47 L.Ed.2d 18 (1976)
(quoting Armstrong v. Manzo, 380 U.S. 545, 552, 85 S.Ct. 1187, 14 L.Ed.2d 62 (1965)). “[N]otice
and opportunity for [a] hearing appropriate to the nature of the case” must precede the “deprivation
of life, liberty or property.” Loudermill, 470 U.S. at 541, 105 S.Ct. 1487 (quoting Mullane v.
Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 313, 70 S.Ct. 652, 94 L.Ed. 865 (1950)). “[D]ue
process is flexible and calls for such procedural protections as the particular situation demands.”
Mathews, 424 U.S. at 334, 96 S.Ct. 893 (quoting Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 481, 92 S.Ct.
2593, 33 L.Ed.2d 484 (1972)).

We do not reach the merits of the controversy in this case because of procedural aspects. As
previously noted, this case was commenced in the trial court upon the filing of a petition for writ for
certiorari. The court granted the writ of certiorari. However, the final order of the court from which

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this appeal was taken is an order denying the writ of certiorari. The common law writ of certiorari
is also used as the proper procedural vehicle through which prisoners may seek review of decisions
from administrative tribunals. See Rhoden v. State Dept. of Corr., 984 S.W.2d 955, 956 (Tenn. Ct.
App. 1998). By granting the writ, the reviewing court orders the lower tribunal to file its record so
that the court can determine whether the petitioner is entitled to relief. The issuance by the trial court
of a writ of certiorari is simply a command by the trial court to the inferior tribunal or administrative
agency to send the record made before the agency in the proceeding to the court for review of that
record. Gore v. Tennessee Dept. of Correction, 132 S.W.3d 369, 375 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003), citing
Conners v. City of Knoxville, 189 S.W. 870, 872 (Tenn. 1916). Once the complete record has been
filed, the reviewing court may proceed to determine whether the petitioner is entitled to relief
without any further motions, and if the court chooses, without a hearing. Jeffries v. Tennessee Dept.
of Correction, 108 S.W.3d 862, 868 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2002). Thus, it would appear that the proper
course for the trial court to take, having granted the petition for writ of certiorari, is to decide the
case and enter the appropriate judgment concerning the merits of the case.

In the instant case, we have a more serious procedural problem. The trial court entered its
appealed order on May 5, 2006. However, on May 19, 2006, probably unknown to the trial court,
our Supreme Court filed its decision in the case of Tidwell v. City of Memphis, 193 S.W.3d 555
(Tenn. 2006). In Tidwell, our Supreme Court determined that the City of Memphis OJI panel
qualifies as a civil service board, as provided for in T.C.A. § 27-9-114. In doing so, however, the
Supreme Court, noting that the case was in the chancery court on a petition for writ of certiorari,
considered the seminal issue as to the proper procedure for appealing a decision of a civil service
merit board. The Court noted that the resolution of the appeal involves the interpretation of T.C.A.
§ 27-9-114, which is a question of law. T.C.A. § 27-9-114 (2000) provides:

27-9-114. Proceedings involving certain public employees.

(a) (1) Contested case hearings by civil service boards of a county or
municipality which affect the employment status of a civil service
employee shall be conducted in conformity with contested case
procedures under the Uniform Administrative Procedures Act,
compiled in title 4, chapter 5, part 3.

(2) The provisions of this subsection pertaining to hearings by civil
service boards shall not apply to municipal utilities boards or civil
service boards of counties organized under a home rule charter form
of government.

(b) (1) Judicial review of decisions by civil service boards of a
county or municipality which affects the employment status of a
county or city civil service employee shall be in conformity with the
judicial review standards under the Uniform Administrative
Procedures Act, § 4-5-322.

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 (2) Petitions for judicial review of decisions by a city or county civil
service board affecting the employment status of a civil service
employee shall be filed in the chancery court of the county wherein
the local civil service board is located.

(3) In any appeal pursuant to this section deemed by the court to be
frivolous, the sanctions of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule
11 may be applied by the chancellors.

The Tidwell Court noted that T.C.A. § 27-9-114 "originally provided that the common law
writ of certiorari was the appropriate method of judicial review of administrative determination
affecting the employment status of municipal employees.” Id. at 559 (citations omitted). The
Legislature subsequently amended the statute, effective January 1, 1989, to eliminate the review by
common law certiorari and substituting therefor the current provisions for review under the Uniform
Administrative Procedure Act (“UAPA”). The Legislature further noted that the statutory
amendment “also mandated that the contested case procedures of the UAPA be applied to those
cases falling within the scope of Section 27-9-114 (a)(1).” Id.

Through the UAPA, T.C.A. § 4-5-322 (2005) provides, in pertinent part:

(a) (1) A person who is aggrieved by a final decision in a contested
case is entitled to judicial review under this chapter, which shall be
the only available method of judicial review. A preliminary,
procedural or intermediate agency action or ruling is immediately
reviewable if review of the final agency decision would not provide
an adequate remedy.

* * *

(h) The court may affirm the decision of the agency or remand the
case for further proceedings. The court may reverse or modify the
decision if the rights of the petitioner have been prejudiced because
the administrative findings, inferences, conclusions or decisions are:

(1) In violation of constitutional or statutory
provisions;

(2) In excess of the statutory authority of the agency;

(3) Made upon unlawful procedure;

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 (4) Arbitrary or capricious or characterized by abuse
of discretion or clearly unwarranted exercise of
discretion; or

(5) (A) Unsupported by evidence that is both
substantial and material in the light of the entire
record.

(B) In determining the substantiality of evidence, the
court shall take into account whatever in the record
fairly detracts from its weight, but the court shall not
substitute its judgment for that of the agency as to the
weight of the evidence on questions of fact.

(i) No agency decision pursuant to a hearing in a contested case shall
be reversed, remanded or modified by the reviewing court unless for
errors that affect the merits of such decision.

(j) The reviewing court shall reduce its findings of fact and
conclusions of law to writing and make them parts of the record.

In the instant case, the trial court, acting on a petition for writ of certiorari (which was
granted) used the standard of review for considering writs of certiorari. However, the case should
have been decided using the standard of review set out in T.C.A. § 4-5-322 (h). Moreover, the order
of the trial court does not contain any findings of fact and conclusions of law as specifically required
under T.C.A. § 4-5-322 (j).

Accordingly, we will consider the petition for writ of certiorari filed in the chancery court
as a petition for review under the UAPA. The order of the trial court denying the writ of certiorari
is vacated, and the case is remanded to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this
Opinion. Costs of the appeal are assessed one-half to the Appellant, Alvin King, and his surety, and
one-half to the Appellee, Shelby County Government Civil Service Merit Board.

__________________________________________
W. FRANK CRAWFORD, PRESIDING JUDGE, W.S.

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