COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Kelsey, Petty and Senior Judge Bumgardner
BARRY JACKSON, SR.
MEMORANDUM OPINION *
v. Record No. 2546-07-2 PER CURIAM
APRIL 22, 2008
LANCASTER COUNTY DEPARTMENT
OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF LANCASTER COUNTY
Harry T. Taliaferro, III, Judge
(Laurence M. Dickinson, on briefs), for appellant.
(Michael L. Donner, Sr.; Matthew R. Kite, Guardian ad litem for
the minor children; Hubbard Terry & Kopcsak, P.C.; Dillard and
Katona, on brief), for appellee.
Barry Jackson, Sr. contends the evidence was insufficient to support the trial court’s
decision terminating his residual parental rights to his three minor children, B.J., M.J., and I.J.
(referred to hereafter individually or collectively as “the children”), pursuant to Code
§ 16.1-283(C)(1) and 16.1-283(C)(2). 1 Upon reviewing the record and the parties’ briefs, we
conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the trial court’s
decision. See Rule 5A:27.
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
1
The termination hearing also dealt with another child, A.J. However, DNA testing
showed that Jackson was not A.J.’s biological father, and, therefore, this appeal does not pertain
to A.J. Accordingly, we mention A.J. in this opinion only to the extent necessary to explain the
procedural or factual history surrounding the termination of Jackson’s parental rights to B.J.,
M.J., and I.J. As of the August 1, 2007 termination hearing, B.J. was nine years old, M.J. was
eight years old, and I.J. was five years old.
We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below and grant
to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax County Dep’t of
Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 462 (1991).
So viewed, the evidence proved that on September 29, 2005, the Lancaster Department of
Social Services (LDSS) received a complaint that Iliana Melendez, the children’s mother, had left
B.J, M.J, and I.J. with relatives for days without any indication of her whereabouts. On that same
day, LDSS received another call reporting Melendez’s whereabouts. Thereafter, LDSS found
Melendez with her youngest child, A.J., in a house that did not contain any food for the child.
Melendez, a cocaine addict, appeared intoxicated. A.J. was soaked in urine, and there were no clean
diapers for the child. Melendez agreed she needed help for her drug addiction, and on that date
voluntarily agreed to entrust B.J., M.J., I.J., and A.J. to LDSS. At that time, Jackson was in jail.
On October 20, 2005, LDSS filed a Child In Need of Services (CHINS) petition with
respect to the children. As a result of a hearing held on October 25, 2005, the Lancaster County
Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (J&DR court) transferred custody of all four
children to LDSS. At an adjudicatory hearing on November 1, 2005, the J&DR court found the
children in need of services. On November 21, 2005, after LDSS completed certain home studies,
B.J. and M.J. were placed with Stacy Taylor and James Muhammad, Jackson’s relatives, and A.J.
and I.J. were placed with Wayne and Mildred Ransome, also Jackson’s relatives. Those relatives
lived close to where Jackson and Melendez were living at the time.
Approximately three months later, Taylor and Muhammad petitioned the J&DR court to be
relieved of custody of B.J. and M.J. Taylor and Muhammad reported being constantly harassed by
and having confrontations with Melendez and Jackson, and did not believe they could deal with B.J.
and M.J. any longer. As a result, on February 28, 2006, B.J. and M.J. were placed with Braley and
Thompson, a therapeutic foster agency located in Richmond, Virginia. In April 2006, the J&DR
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court approved LDSS’s foster care service plans for B.J. and M.J. and continued custody of the
children with LDSS.
On August 8, 2006, the J&DR court relieved the Ransomes of custody of A.J. and I.J.
based on their petition alleging they had a physical altercation with Jackson. I.J. and A.J. were
also placed with Braley and Thompson. 2 At the August 2006 hearing, Jackson and Melendez
were screened for drugs and both tested positive for cocaine, after having previously stated that
they had not recently used drugs.
Michele Simmons, an LDSS social worker and the children’s caseworker, testified that
Jackson told her his substance abuse and cocaine addiction dated to the 1980’s. LDSS offered both
parents counseling services. However, Jackson failed to keep an intake appointment on June 26,
2006. He did keep an intake appointment on September 14, 2006, wherein he agreed to attend
intensive substance abuse group services, but then, subsequently failed to attend group therapy on
September 28, 2006.
On October 3, 2006, the J&DR court held a dispositional hearing with respect to I.J and
A.J. and a foster care review hearing with respect to B.J. and M.J. The J&DR court approved
foster care service plans for I.J. and A.J. At that hearing, Melendez appeared to be intoxicated.
As a result, the J&DR court ordered that both parents be screened for drugs.
After the October 3, 2006 hearing, LDSS lost contact with Jackson and Melendez. LDSS
tried to contact Jackson without success, and neither parent contacted LDSS. Eventually, LDSS
learned that on January 10, 2007, Melendez was sentenced to 120 days incarceration in
Massachusetts for possession of cocaine on an outstanding 2005 warrant and that in February 2007,
Jackson was arrested in Massachusetts for failing to appear at his scheduled criminal sentencing
hearing in Virginia. The authorities eventually returned Jackson to Virginia.
2
All four children were placed with foster care families by Braley and Thompson.
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On March 6, 2007, the J&DR court held a permanency planning hearing for the children.
At that time, the foster care plan goal was changed to adoption and was approved by the J&DR
court.
By orders dated April 27, 2007 and June 8, 2007, the Lancaster Circuit Court sentenced
Jackson to a total of fifteen years and six months in the penitentiary for two counts of distributing
cocaine and one count of failure to appear, with ten years suspended, for an active sentence of five
years and six months.
In May 2007, LDSS filed petitions to terminate the residual parental rights of Melendez and
Jackson as to all four children. The J&DR court subsequently granted those petitions. Jackson
appealed that order to the trial court for a de novo hearing.
With respect to the parents’ visitation with the children since being placed in foster care,
Dawn Mulrain, the Braley and Thompson case manager for the children since May 2007, testified
that the first visit scheduled for June 2, 2006 was cancelled due to “conflict with transportation from
Mr. Jackson.” On June 14, 2006, Jackson visited B.J. and M.J. at Braley and Thompson in
Richmond. On August 22, 2006, Jackson and Melendez failed to attend a scheduled visit. On
August 29, 2006, Jackson and Melendez visited the children, and then on September 14, 2006, both
parents visited B.J. and M.J. I.J. and A.J. had a schedule conflict that day. On September 28, 2006
and October 24, 2006, Jackson and Melendez failed to attend scheduled visits with the children,
who were at Braley and Thompson waiting for them. The visits that occurred were normally one
hour in duration. After September 14, 2006, Jackson never visited the children.
Mulrain acknowledged that since May 2007, while Jackson had been incarcerated, he had
sent the children one card and approximately four letters. He had also sent a check for I.J.’s
birthday, which Braley and Thompson had not cashed. Mulrain acknowledged that some letters had
been sent to the children before May 2007, but she did not know how many or if they were from
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Jackson or Melendez. Simmons also acknowledged that Jackson “had written to the children on
several occasions.” However, she testified that she was not aware of anything Jackson had
contributed to the development of the children since they were placed in foster care in September
2005.
Mulrain testified that the children are doing well in their pre-adoptive homes, their schools,
and in their community. They have therapy twice a month. They have a sense of safety and
security now that they did not have when they first came under the care of Braley and Thompson.
The children have told Mulrain they are happy where they live and that they feel safe, loved, and
well taken care of. The children related information to therapists indicating they had witnessed
domestic violence and drug use when living with their parents.
Jackson, incarcerated in Virginia since February 2007, testified at the August 2007
termination hearing that he had served seven months of his five and one-half year sentence. Jackson
admitted he had been in drug rehab in 1988 for heroin, in 1993 for cocaine, and most recently from
2006 to February 2007 for cocaine. He claimed he had not used cocaine since a few weeks after the
October 2006 J&DR court hearing. He admitted he was in jail in September 2005, when Melendez
entrusted the children to LDSS, but that he was released from incarceration November 6, 2005, and
remained out of jail until February 2007. He claimed he had daily contact with the children while
they were with his relatives prior to B.J.’s and M.J.’s placement with Braley and Thompson in
February 2006, and A.J.’s and I.J.’s placement with Braley and Thompson in August 2006. He also
asserted that he sent a card to B.J. for his October birthday, a card and money to M.J. for his January
birthday, and money to I.J. for her June birthday. Jackson acknowledged that he left Virginia after
the October 3, 2006 J&DR court hearing, but claimed he did so in order to take Melendez to
Massachusetts for detox and to obtain drug rehabilitation, even though he knew he had an upcoming
sentencing hearing scheduled in Virginia. He stated that he did not attend the October 24, 2006
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scheduled visit with the children because he was in Massachusetts. He claimed he missed the other
scheduled visits with the children at Braley and Thompson because he got lost, his car battery died,
and he had other transportation issues, while admitting that LDSS had told him that they would pay
for a taxi or gas vouchers for transportation to Braley and Thompson for those visits. He admitted
to three prior felony burglary convictions.
Based upon this record, the trial court found clear and convincing evidence supported
termination of Jackson’s residual parental rights pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) and
16.1-283(C)(2).
“In matters of a child’s welfare, trial courts are vested with broad
discretion in making the decisions necessary to guard and to foster
a child’s best interests.” The trial court’s judgment, “when based
on evidence heard ore tenus, will not be disturbed on appeal unless
plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.”
Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 463 (citations omitted). Recognizing that “‘[t]he
termination of [residual] parental rights is a grave, drastic and irreversible action,’” Helen W. v.
Fairfax County Dep’t of Human Dev., 12 Va. App. 877, 883, 407 S.E.2d 25, 28-29 (1991)
(citation omitted), we, nevertheless, “‘presume[] [the trial court has] thoroughly weighed all the
evidence [and] considered the statutory requirements,’” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d
at 463 (citation omitted).
Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) provides in pertinent part as follows:
The residual parental rights of a parent . . . of a child placed
in foster care as a result of court commitment, an entrustment
agreement entered into by the parent . . . or other voluntary
relinquishment by the parent . . . may be terminated if the court
finds, based upon clear and convincing evidence, that it is in the
best interests of the child and that:
The parent . . . [has], without good cause, failed to maintain
continuing contact with and to provide or substantially plan for the
future of the child for a period of six months after the child’s
placement in foster care notwithstanding the reasonable and
appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health or other
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rehabilitative agencies to communicate with the parent . . . and to
strengthen the parent-child relationship. Proof that the parent . . .
[has] failed without good cause to communicate on a continuing
and planned basis with the child for a period of six months shall
constitute prima facie evidence of this condition . . . .
Thus, to grant LDSS’s petition for termination pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(1), the
trial court was required to find by clear and convincing evidence that (1) termination was in the
best interests of the children; (2) LDSS made “reasonable and appropriate” efforts to
communicate with Jackson and strengthen Jackson’s relationship with the children; (3) Jackson
failed, without good cause, to maintain continuing contact with the children for a six-month
period following their placement in foster care; and (4) Jackson failed, without good cause, to
provide or substantially plan for the children’s future for a six-month period following their
placement in foster care.
On appeal, Jackson’s sole argument with respect to the trial court’s termination of his
parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) is that LDSS failed to prove by clear and convincing
evidence that Jackson failed, without good cause, to maintain continuing contact with the
children for a period of six months following their placement in foster care. His argument does
not address the other elements contained in Code § 16.1-283(C)(1), as cited above, and therefore,
we will not address them.
This record shows that Jackson made little or no effort to maintain continuing contact
with the children. He visited B.J. and M.J. on three occasions between February 2006 and his
incarceration in February 2007. In addition, he visited I.J. on only one occasion between early
August 2006 and February 2007. Jackson’s only contact with the children between October
2006 and August 2007, consisted of, at most, a birthday card or total of four letters. Jackson
failed to keep four scheduled visits with the children, even though LDSS had offered Jackson
assistance with transportation. After October 3, 2006, Jackson left Virginia and went to
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Massachusetts. Thereafter, he failed to maintain any face-to-face or verbal contact with LDSS or
the children. Jackson offered no good cause for his lack of continuing contact with the children.
Thus, based upon this record, we cannot say the trial court was plainly wrong or without
evidence to conclude that Jackson failed to maintain continuing contact with B.J, M.J., and I.J.
for a period of six months after their placement in foster care. Accordingly, we find no merit in
Jackson’s argument and, therefore, conclude the trial court’s decision terminating Jackson’s
parental rights pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) was supported by clear and convincing
evidence.
Jackson also contends the trial court erred in terminating his residual parental rights
pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(2). However, where a trial court’s judgment is made on
alternative grounds, we need only consider whether any one of the alternatives is sufficient to
sustain the judgment of the trial court and, if we so find, need not address the other grounds. See
Boone v. C. Arthur Weaver Co., 235 Va. 157, 161, 365 S.E.2d 764, 766 (1988). Thus, because
we find that clear and convincing evidence supported the trial court’s termination of Jackson’s
residual parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(1), we need not address the trial court’s ruling
terminating Jackson’s residual parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2).
Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.
Affirmed.
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