IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
May 8, 2003 Session
REBECCA JANE LEW v. IRA EUGENE LEW
Appeal from the Chancery Court for Anderson County
No. 00CH0098 Billy Joe White, Chancellor
FILED JULY 31, 2003
No. E2002-01811-COA-R3-CV
In this divorce case, Ira Eugene Lew (“Husband”) appeals the Trial Court’s judgment
declaring the parties divorced on the ground of irreconcilable differences, and approving and
incorporating the parties’ marital dissolution agreement (“MDA”) in its order. Husband argues that
the Court was without power to enter its judgment because he had withdrawn his consent and
agreement to the MDA prior to the Court’s entry of final judgment. The Trial Court found that
Husband could not withdraw his consent to the MDA because, as a consequence of the unusual
procedural posture of the this case, the parties had already executed, agreed to, and signed the MDA
and presented it to the Trial Court, which approved it and incorporated it into a previous order. We
affirm the judgment of the Trial Court.
Tenn.R.App.P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed; Cause
Remanded
HOUSTON M. GODDARD , P.J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which CHARLES D. SUSANO, JR.
and D. MICHAEL SWINEY, JJ., joined.
J. Terry Holland, Knoxville, for the Appellant, Ira Eugene Lew
Dail R. Cantrell, Clinton, and Michael L. Weathers, Florence, Alabama, for the Appellee, Rebecca
Jane Lew
OPINION
Rebecca Jane Lew (“Wife”) filed this cause of action for divorce on January 24, 2000. She
requested the Court to grant her a divorce on the ground of irreconcilable differences. Husband
answered, admitting that irreconcilable differences had arisen between the parties, and also asked
for a divorce upon that basis. The case was assigned to Chancellor William E. Lantrip of the
Anderson County Chancery Court.
On September 1, 2000, the MDA at issue was filed with the Court. On that same date, a pair
of orders styled “Consent Order” and “Final Decree of Divorce” were entered by Chancellor Lantrip.
The Consent Order states in its entirety as follows:
Pursuant to Paragraph No. 12 of the Marital Dissolution Agreement
as executed by the parties in this cause of action, the parties
specifically agree to be bound by the terms, articles and conditions of
the Marital Dissolution Agreement as executed by the parties in this
cause of action, and as filed in this cause of action, it is,
THEREFORE, ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED as
follows:
1. That pursuant to Paragraph No. 12 of the Marital
Dissolution Agreement as entered into and filed by the parties in this
cause of action, the terms, articles and conditions of that Marital
Dissolution Agreement do here and now become an order of this
Court.
Chancellor Lantrip’s Final Decree of Divorce states in relevant part:
This cause came to be heard upon the original Petition for Divorce
filed, the Marital Dissolution Agreement of the parties, the Consent
Decree of the parties, the representation of both parties by counsel,
the Waiver of an Entry of a Judgment by Default, and filing of an
Answer by the Respondent as is evidenced by this execution of the
Marital Dissolution Agreement, the Qualified Domestic Relations
Order, the Agreements of the parties, from all of which the Court
finds the parties are entitled to an absolute divorce on the grounds of
irreconcilable differences; that there are no minor children from the
marriage; that the Marital Dissolution Agreement as it relates to the
distribution of assets and liabilities is hereby deemed equitable and
fair and incorporated into the Final Decree of Divorce by reference as
though specifically set out verbatim[.]
On September 11, 2000, Chancellor Lantrip entered an order which states the following in relevant
part:
This cause came on to be heard upon the joint motion of the parties
herein to set aside the Final Decree of Divorce entered in this cause
of action on September 1, 2000, as the parties have learned that upon
the divorce becoming final, the [Wife] would not be covered with
health insurance under COBRA because they do not have a group
policy, and there is a specific need for her to be covered at this time;
as such, the parties move that this cause of action be set aside and that
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an order of reconciliation be granted for a period of one year, and in
the event the parties cannot reconcile within that one year, then the
parties shall be granted an absolute divorce on the basis of the Marital
Dissolution Agreement heretofore executed by the parties, including
the Qualified Domestic Relations Order, subject to increased value;
and
It is, therefore, ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED as
follows:
1. That the divorce granting [Wife] and [Husband] a
termination of their marriage on irreconcilable differences that was
entered on September 1, 2000, is hereby withdrawn.
2. That in accordance with T.C.A. 36-4-126, all proceedings
in this cause of action are hereby suspended for a period of one year,
without prejudice, and during this period of suspension the parties
may resume activities as husband and wife. . .
3. That in the event the parties cannot reconcile within this
one-year period of time, a divorce should be granted and the parties
shall be bound by the terms of the Marital Dissolution Agreement and
Qualified Domestic Relations Order, subject to increased or
decreased values.
On May 22, 2001, Husband filed a motion “to revoke order of reconciliation and reinstate
divorce proceedings” in which he alleged, inter alia, that “his agreement to the content of the Marital
Dissolution Agreement, and his signature thereon, indicating his assent to that agreement, was
accomplished through fraud, duress, undue influence and other misconduct on behalf on [Wife].”
Husband moved that the Final Decree of Divorce be set aside pursuant to Tenn.R.Civ.P. 60.02.
On September 13, 2001, Chancellor Lantrip entered an order which he made nunc pro tunc
to August 31, 2001, which states as follows in relevant part:
1. Paragraph three (3) of the “Order Setting Aside Final Decree of
Divorce and Order of Reconciliation” entered on September 11, 2000,
is set aside to the extent that its provisions are automatic, and this
cause is set on for a hearing on the enforceability of the Final
Judgment and Consent Decree previously entered in this cause.
2. In its determination of whether the terms of the Consent Decree
and Final Judgment should be binding on the parties, the [Husband]
shall have the right to raise as a defense to the enforcement of such
terms, all of the reasons listed in Rule 60.02 of the Tennessee Rules
of Civil Procedure.
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3. The Motion to Quash Subpoena is denied, and the [Husband] is at
liberty to develop his defenses to the enforceability of the Consent
Decree and Final Judgment. However, discovery shall be limited to
these issues.
On September 6, 2001, Chancellor Lantrip entered an order recusing himself from the case
and designating Chancellor Billy Joe White to hear and “try this case to its conclusion.” After a
hearing on May 9, 2002, Chancellor White ruled as follows:
That the parties are divorced on the basis of Irreconcilable
Differences and the previously executed Marital Dissolution
Agreement. . .That the date of the divorce shall be May 9, 2002, the
Court finding that the [Husband] could not withdraw his previous
agreement to the Marital Dissolution Agreement executed on or about
August 26, 2000, which agreement the Court finds to be the Marital
Dissolution Agreement of the parties herein.
Five days after this written order was filed, the Court granted Wife’s motion to alter or amend the
order, making further findings as follows:
That the said Order/Final Decree of Divorce entered by this Court on
July 17, 2002, is hereby amended to also provide as follows:
This Court affirmatively finds that the written agreement of
the parties in this case, the Marital Dissolution Agreement of the
parties in this case, makes adequate and sufficient provision for the
equitable and fair settlement of any and all property rights between
the parties in this case and that the Marital Dissolution Agreement as
it relates to the distribution of the assets and liabilities is hereby
deemed equitable and fair and that the said Marital Dissolution
Agreement of the parties is hereby incorporated by reference into the
Order/Final Decree of Divorce entered by this Court on July 17, 2002
as though specifically set out verbatim.
On appeal, Husband raises the issue, which we restate, of whether the Chancellor had the
authority to enter a valid divorce judgment on irreconcilable differences grounds, and to enforce the
MDA, under the circumstances of this case as outlined above. This issue causes us to focus on the
provisions of T.C.A. 36-4-103, which states in relevant part as follows:
(b) No divorce shall be granted on the ground of irreconcilable
differences unless the court affirmatively finds in its decree that the
parties have made adequate and sufficient provision by written
agreement for the custody and maintenance of any children of that
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marriage and for the equitable settlement of any property rights
between the parties.
* * *
(e) If there has been a contest or denial of the grounds of
irreconcilable differences, no divorce shall be granted on the grounds
of irreconcilable differences. However, a divorce may be granted on
the grounds of irreconcilable differences where there has been a
contest or denial, if a properly executed marital dissolution agreement
is presented to the court.
Husband argues that T.C.A. 36-4-103(b) requires that an MDA contain a recitation that “the
Agreement is fair and equitable” in order to be valid. We find no such statutory requirement; it is
only required that the Court make a finding “that the parties have made adequate and sufficient
provision by written agreement for the custody and maintenance of any children of that marriage and
for the equitable settlement of any property rights between the parties.” We note that such an
affirmative finding was made in this case by both Chancellor Lantrip and Chancellor White.
Husband next argues that the Supreme Court’s decision in Harbour v. Brown for Ulrich, 732
S.W.2d 598 (Tenn.1987) requires reversal of the Trial Court’s decision. The Harbour Court stated
the following:
The resolution of disputes by agreement of the parties is to be
encouraged. But a valid consent judgment can not be entered by a
court when one party withdraws his consent and this fact is
communicated to the court prior to entry of the judgment.
* * *
The reason for the rule is that a consent judgment does not represent
the reasoned decision of the court but is merely the agreement of the
parties, made a matter of record by the court. Van Donselaar v. Van
Donselaar, 249 Iowa 504, 87 N.W.2d 311 (1958). And, until entered
by the court, the matter being the question of an agreement between
the parties, either party may repudiate the agreement because of an
actual or supposed defense to the agreement. This is not to say that
the compromise agreement may not be a binding contract, subject to
being enforced as other contracts, but only that the court may not
enter judgment based on the compromise agreement, when it has
notice that one of the parties is no longer consenting to the agreement
for whatever reason.
Harbour, 732 S.W.2d at 599-600 (emphasis added). Subsequent decisions of this Court have
followed and applied the Harbour rule. Elrod v. Elrod, an unpublished opinion of this Court filed
in Knoxville on November 18, 1991; Denbow v. Denbow, an unpublished opinion of this Court filed
in Jackson on May 9, 1996. These cases involved situations where consent was withdrawn prior to
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entry of the judgment, and where the Court was fully aware that there was no longer agreement
between the parties before entry of a consent judgment.
In the present case, at the time of entry of Chancellor Lantrip’s consent order and decree of
divorce, there had been no withdrawn consent by Husband, who signed the consent order stating that
“the terms, articles and conditions of [the MDA] do here and now become an order of this Court.”
As regards Chanceollor Lantrip’s order which set aside his final decree of divorce, there appears no
other reason for that order than the one it sets forth, i.e., Wife’s need to be covered by a health
insurance policy. Husband also signed that order, which states that “in the event the parties cannot
reconcile within this one-year period of time, a divorce should be granted and the parties shall be
bound by the terms of the Marital Dissolution Agreement[.]”
It was not until May 22, 2001, nearly nine months after he executed the MDA, which was
subsequently found fair and equitable by Chancellor Lantrip’s divorce decree, that Husband
indicated his dissatisfaction with the terms of the MDA. Under these circumstances, neither the
holding of Harbour nor its rationale is applicable to this case. Accord Sutton v. Sutton, an
unpublished opinion of this Court filed in Knoxville on March 31, 1994 (“This Court has long held
that when parties enter into a separation agreement that both parties are estopped from contesting
its validity in the absence of a clear showing of fraud.”); Callison v. Callison, an unpublished
opinion of this Court filed in Knoxville on September 29, 1988; Persada v. Persada, an unpublished
opinion of this Court filed in Knoxville on November 22, 2002 (“It is equally clear, however, that
if the terms of the settlement had been announced to the court and approved before consent was
withdrawn, then the Judgment entered thereon is valid.”); cf. Vaccarella v. Vaccarella, 49 S.W.3d
307 (Tenn.App.2001).
At a hearing before Chancellor White, Husband abandoned and effectively withdrew his
Tenn.R.Civ.P. 60.02 motion and thus it is not before us in this appeal.
As noted above, T.C.A. 36-4-103(e) provides that “a divorce may be granted on the grounds
of irreconcilable differences where there has been a contest or denial, if a properly executed marital
dissolution agreement is presented to the court.” We find that the Trial Court did properly exercise
its authority in granting the parties an irreconcilable differences divorce. We find no error in
Chancellor White’s ruling that the MDA in this case is valid and enforceable.
For the foregoing reasons the judgment of the Trial Court is affirmed and the cause remanded
for collection of costs below. Costs of appeal are adjudged against the Appellant, Ira Eugene Lew.
_________________________________________
HOUSTON M. GODDARD, PRESIDING JUDGE
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