COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Humphreys, Felton and McClanahan
Argued at Salem Virginia
GARY LEE MELTON
MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
v. Record No. 0784-04-3 JUDGE WALTER S. FELTON, JR.
DECEMBER 7, 2004
ATLANTIC GROUP, INC. AND LIBERTY
MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY
FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION
Wanda A. Dotson (George L. Townsend; Chandler, Franklin &
O’Bryan, on briefs), for appellant.
E. Albion Armfield (Frith Anderson & Peake, on brief), for
appellees.
Gary Lee Melton (claimant) appeals a decision of the Workers’ Compensation
Commission terminating his award of temporary total disability benefits. Claimant contends that
the commission erred in failing to dismiss the application filed by employer (Atlantic Group, Inc.
and its insurance carrier Liberty Mutual Fire Insurance Company) for termination of temporary
total disability benefits because the application failed to include grounds for the relief sought.
Claimant also contends that the commission erred in finding that he failed to market his residual
work capacity. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the commission’s decision.
BACKGROUND
On appeal, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the party prevailing
below, here the employer. Clinchfield Coal Co. v. Reed, 40 Va. App. 69, 72, 577 S.E.2d 538,
539 (2003).
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
So viewed, the evidence established that on March 29, 2001, claimant suffered a
compensable workplace injury when he seriously injured his left thumb while using a table saw.
Employer accepted the claim, and the commission awarded lifetime medical benefits and
temporary total disability benefits at a rate of $333.35 per week, based on claimant’s pre-injury
weekly average earnings of $500 on May 25, 2001.
As a result of his injury, claimant underwent surgery on his thumb, requiring a nerve
graft using his left leg sural nerve. He later complained of pain in his left ankle and leg, which
his surgeon attributed to be secondary to the harvesting of the sural nerve. Claimant’s surgeon
advised him that he could return to light duty work.
On August 17, 2001, claimant returned to work, earning the same hourly rate as before
his injury. Employer paid claimant’s temporary total disability benefits award through August
16, 2001, the day before claimant resumed work.
On November 2, 2001, claimant moved to North Carolina to be near his father, who was
terminally ill. He continued working for employer at its North Carolina facility, where he
performed a different job but at an hourly wage rate in excess of his pre-injury rate. Later that
month, claimant was treated in an emergency room after complaining of chest pains. On
December 2, 2001, employer terminated claimant’s employment for excessive absenteeism
resulting from his unrelated health problems and his father’s terminal illness. Employer did not
resume paying disability compensation to claimant when it terminated his employment.
Claimant did not work again until June or July 2002, when he was employed as a support
manager in the automotive department of a Wal-Mart store in North Carolina, earning $9 per
hour and working about thirty hours per week. He quit the Wal-Mart job, complaining that he
was required to be on his feet too much. After leaving Wal-Mart, he failed to seek additional
employment.
-2-
On August 16, 2002, claimant requested that the commission order employer to pay
temporary total disability compensation benefits from the date claimant resumed work for
employer on August 17, 2001 on the grounds that his rate of pay was less than his pre-injury rate.
He also requested that the commission award the statutory 20% penalty for failure to timely pay
benefits. On August 30, 2002, employer filed a change of condition application to terminate the
May 25, 2001 temporary total disability benefits award, asserting that claimant returned to work
on August 17, 2001, earning an average weekly wage rate greater than his pre-injury rate.
On October 18, 2002, while claimant remained unemployed, he was examined by
Dr. Paul in North Carolina for ankle pain. Dr. Paul released claimant to work on October 28,
2002, finding him able to perform sedentary employment. The parties subsequently stipulated
that claimant was totally disabled between October 18 and October 28, 2002, and was entitled to
disability compensation benefits for that period.
On April 4, 2003, more than a year after employer terminated his employment and while
he remained unemployed, claimant sent a letter to his former employer asking it to provide
vocational rehabilitation services for him. He sent a copy of his request to the commission, but
did not ask the commission to direct employer to provide those services.
On June 17, 2003, a deputy commissioner heard employer’s application to terminate the
outstanding temporary total disability benefits award based on claimant’s return to work on
August 17, 2001. He found that claimant returned to work on August 17, 2001, earning a
post-injury weekly average of $598.40 over a fifteen-week period, an amount equal to or greater
than his pre-injury wage rate. He also found that claimant failed to market his residual work
capacity either before or after he was cleared to perform sedentary work. The deputy
commissioner ordered the May 25, 2001 award terminated as of August 16, 2001; awarded
temporary total disability benefits for the period October 18, 2002 to October 28, 2002 in
-3-
accordance with the parties’ agreement; ordered the continuation of medical benefits; and
ordered employer to provide vocational rehabilitative services to claimant.
The full commission affirmed the deputy commissioner’s findings. This appeal followed.
ANALYSIS
A. Employer’s Application For A Change in Condition
Claimant contends that the employer’s change-in-condition application seeking
termination of the May 25, 2001 award was facially void as it failed to state the grounds for
relief required by Commission Rule 1.4. Specifically, he argues that the evidence did not
support that he returned to work on August 17, 2001 at a weekly wage equal to or in excess of
his pre-injury average weekly wage. We disagree.
“When a challenge is made to the commission’s construction of its rules, ‘our review is
limited to a determination of whether the commission’s interpretation of its own rule was
reasonable.’” Boyd v. People, Inc., 43 Va. App. 82, 86, 596 S.E.2d 100, 102 (2004) (quoting
Classic Floors, Inc. v. Guy, 9 Va. App. 90, 93, 383 S.E.2d 761, 763 (1989)). “We will not set
aside the commission’s interpretation of its rules unless that interpretation is arbitrary and
capricious.” Id. at 87, 596 S.E.2d at 103 (citation omitted).
“Under Commission Rule 1.4(A) and (B), an employer’s application for hearing based
upon a change in condition must be in writing and under oath and must state the grounds for
relief and the date for which compensation was last paid.” Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Scotece,
28 Va. App. 383, 386, 504 S.E.2d 881, 883 (1998).
An employer’s application for hearing will be deemed not
“technically acceptable” and will be rejected unless the employer’s
designated supporting documentation is sufficient to support a
finding of probable cause to believe the employer’s grounds for
relief are meritorious. The commission has defined the standard of
“probable cause” as “[a] reasonable ground for belief in the
existence of facts warranting the proceeding complained of.”
-4-
Gallahan v. Free Lance Star Publ’g Co., 41 Va. App. 694, 703, 589 S.E.2d 12, 17 (2003)
(quoting Circuit City, 28 Va. App. at 386-87, 504 S.E.2d at 883) (internal citation omitted).
While all assertions supporting the change in condition do not have to appear on the face of the
application, the application must at minimum refer to documents supporting the application and
there must be attached to the application those documents to permit the employee to have notice
of the employer’s claim. See Suite v. Clinchfield Coal Co., 8 Va. App. 554, 556, 383 S.E.2d 21,
23 (1989).
In its application, employer requested that the commission terminate or suspend the
outstanding award because “the employee returned to light duty on 8/17/01 at an average weekly
wage of $555.26.” Employer attached to its application payroll records reflecting claimant’s
earnings over the fifteen weeks following his return to work. It also included claimant’s
surgeon’s notes from August 10, 2001 instructing him “to go back to work at a restricted duty if
available.”
We conclude that the record contains credible evidence from which the commission
could conclude that employer’s application for termination of the May 2001 award complied
with Rule 1.4.
Moreover, we find that credible evidence supports the commission’s finding that claimant
returned to work at an average weekly wage in excess of his pre-injury average weekly wage.
From the record, it appears that claimant’s hourly rate was equal to his pre-injury wage but that
he did not work a full forty-hour week during his first week of employment following his return
to work. However, the record also reflects that during the following weeks claimant worked at
least forty hours a week and that he earned considerable overtime pay. The deputy
commissioner found that claimant earned an average weekly rate of $598.40 during the
-5-
fifteen-week period after his return to work on August 17, 2001, a rate greater than his pre-injury
average wage of $500 per week for a forty-hour work week.
From our review of the record, we find that credible evidence supports the commission’s
ruling. Accordingly, we conclude that the deputy commissioner did not err in refusing to dismiss
employer’s change-in-condition application for termination of temporary total disability
compensation benefits.
B. Failure to Market Residual Work Capacity
Claimant also contends that the commission erred in finding that he failed to market his
residual work capacity during his periods of unemployment after employer discharged him for
excessive absenteeism. He argues that his request that employer provide vocational
rehabilitation services relieved him of his obligation to market his residual work capacity. We
disagree.
Code § 65.2-603(A)(3) provides:
The employer shall . . . furnish or cause to be furnished, at the
direction of the Commission, reasonable and necessary vocational
rehabilitation services. Vocational rehabilitation services may
include vocational evaluation, counseling, job coaching, job
development, job placement, on-the-job training, education, and
retraining.
(Emphasis added). The statute authorizes an employer to provide vocational rehabilitative
services on its own initiative or upon the request of the employee. However, contrary to
claimant’s contention, Code § 65.2-603 does not require an employer to provide vocational
rehabilitative services unless directed to do so by the commission.
On April 4, 2003, over a year after employer terminated claimant’s employment for
excess absenteeism, claimant requested vocational rehabilitation services from employer. While
claimant sent a copy of his letter containing his request to the commission, he did not seek the
assistance of the commission to direct employer to provide this service, nor did he request a
-6-
hearing to argue why it should be compelled to do so when employer refused. “In the event a
dispute arises, any party may request a hearing and seek the approval of the Commission for the
proposed services.” Code § 65.2-603(A).
Based on the plain language of Code § 65.2-603, we conclude that the commission did
not err in ruling that employer was not obligated to provide vocational rehabilitative services
solely on claimant’s request.
Claimant’s contention that he was not obligated to market his residual work capacity
once his employer denied him vocational rehabilitative services also fails.
The record reflects that claimant returned to work for employer on August 17, 2001,
earning an average weekly wage in excess of his average pre-injury wage. On December 2,
2001, employer terminated claimant’s employment because of excessive absenteeism unrelated
to his compensable condition. “[W]here a disabled employee is terminated for cause
from . . . employment . . . by his employer, any subsequent wage loss is properly attributable to
his wrongful act rather than his disability,” and he forfeits his right to disability compensation
benefits. Chesapeake & Potomac Tel. Co. v. Murphy, 12 Va. App. 633, 639-40, 406 S.E.2d 190,
193 (1991). However, termination “for cause” does not always result in a permanent forfeiture
of claimant’s entitlement to disability compensation benefits, where claimant’s conduct resulting
in dismissal was not of a character to warrant permanent loss of disability compensation benefits.
Eppling v. Schultz Dining Programs, 18 Va. App. 125, 128-30, 442 S.E.2d 219, 221-22 (1994).1
However, a partially disabled employee, whose employment termination is not of a
character so as to warrant permanent loss of disability compensation benefits, nevertheless must
make reasonable efforts to market his residual work capacity in order to receive continued
1
In Eppling, this Court held that a discharge “for cause” related to excessive absenteeism
not within employee’s control did not constitute such misconduct as to justify a permanent
forfeiture of disability compensation benefits. See id. at 130, 442 S.E.2d at 222.
-7-
disability compensation benefits. See National Linen Service v. McGuinn, 8 Va. App. 267, 269,
380 S.E.2d 31, 33 (1989) (citing Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority v. Harrison,
228 Va. 598, 324 S.E.2d 654 (1985)). Moreover, during the employee’s continued refusal to
market his residual work capacity, “Code § 65.2-510 suspends benefits and relieves the . . .
employer from any obligation to pay wage-loss benefits.” Food Lion, Inc. v. Newsome, 30
Va. App. 21, 26, 515 S.E.2d 317, 319-20 (1999).
The record reflects that between August 17 and December 2, 2001 claimant returned to
work at an average wage higher than his pre-injury earning levels. Following his employment
termination in December 2001 for absenteeism, claimant remained unemployed until he was
employed for one month at Wal-Mart in June or July 2002. He left his employment without
explanation to Wal-Mart. When asked what efforts had he made to look for work following that
time, he answered, “Nothing. What’s the use?” He testified that he did not look for work
because he believed no employer would hire him.
The commission found no evidence that claimant had marketed his residual work
capacity during his period of unemployment. Absent such marketing, the commission
determined that claimant was not entitled to disability compensation benefits during that period.
“Decisions of the commission as to questions of fact, if supported by credible evidence, are
conclusive and binding on this Court.” Gallahan, 41 Va. App. at 703, 589 S.E.2d at 17 (citation
omitted); Code § 65.2-706(A). Because credible evidence supports the commission’s findings
that claimant was required to market his residual work capacity and he failed to do so, we find no
error in the commission’s ruling.
CONCLUSION
We find no error in the commission’s determination that employer’s change-in-condition
application complied with the Rules of the Commission and that the May 25, 2001 temporary
-8-
total disability compensation award be terminated effective August 17, 2001, when claimant
returned to work at a wage equal to or greater than his pre-injury wage. We also find no error in
the commission’s finding that claimant failed to market his residual work capacity during his
unemployment and that employer’s failure to grant claimant’s request for vocational
rehabilitative services did not relieve claimant from marketing his residual work capacity.
For the above reasons, we affirm the commission.
Affirmed.
-9-