COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Frank, Clements and Senior Judge Willis
Argued at Alexandria, Virginia
CONNIE McGUIRE
MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
v. Record No. 0209-04-4 JUDGE JEAN HARRISON CLEMENTS
OCTOBER 26, 2004
FREDERICK COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FREDERICK COUNTY
John R. Prosser, Judge
Gregory W. Bowman for appellant.
Russell A. Fowler (Fowler Griffin Coyne Coyne & Patton, P.C., on
brief), for appellee.
(Michelle Morris Jones; Michelle Morris Jones, P.C., on brief),
Guardian ad litem for the infant children.
Connie McGuire (appellant) appeals from a decision of the Frederick County Circuit
Court terminating her residual parental rights to her two minor children. On appeal, appellant
contends the trial court erred in finding the evidence was sufficient to terminate her residual
parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(B).1 Specifically, appellant argues that the Frederick
County Department of Social Services (DSS) failed to show by clear and convincing evidence
that (1) the termination of appellant’s parental rights was in the best interests of the children; and
(2) it was not reasonably likely that the conditions resulting in the neglect and abuse could be
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
1
Appellant also contends error premised on language found in Code § 16.1-283(C)(2).
However, the trial court did not make a finding under § 16.1-283(C). Code § 16.1-283(B)
provides an independent basis for the termination of residual parental rights, and DSS prevailed
thereon. We will not review a finding the trial court did not make.
substantially corrected or eliminated so as to allow the safe return of the children to appellant’s
custody within a reasonable period of time.2 Finding no error, we affirm.
As the parties are fully conversant with the record in this case and because this
memorandum opinion carries no precedential value, this opinion recites only those facts and
incidents of the proceedings as are necessary to the parties’ understanding of the disposition of this
appeal.
I. BACKGROUND
On appeal, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to DSS as the party
prevailing below, and its evidence is afforded all reasonable inferences fairly deducible
therefrom. Logan v. Fairfax County Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d
460, 463 (1991). Where the record contains credible evidence in support of the lower court, we
may not retry the facts or substitute another view of the facts for those of the trial court.
Ferguson v. Stafford County Dep’t of Social Servs., 14 Va. App. 333, 336, 417 S.E.2d 1, 2
(1992). So viewed, the facts are as follows.
In September of 2000, appellant and Brian Norford were the custodial parents of two
minor children (children), K.A.N., born September 5, 1995 and J.K.N., born November 25, 1996.
On September 18, 2000, by an Emergency Removal Order unrelated to appellant’s conduct,
children were taken from their custodial parents and placed into the custody of DSS. Children
were returned to appellant’s custody on September 22, 2000 under the terms of a protective
order. DSS again took custody of children on April 13, 2001, when appellant was arrested on a
charge of driving under the influence with children in the vehicle. On February 12, 2002, a
juvenile and domestic relations district court found that children were abused and neglected.
2
The natural father’s residual parental rights also were terminated, but he is not a party to
this appeal.
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They were nevertheless returned to the custody of appellant and Norford under another
protective order.
Sometime between February 26 and early May of 2002, appellant separated from
Norford, and all were evicted from their residence. Appellant, with the assistance of the DSS,
moved with children to the Salvation Army. On May 13, 2002, appellant was evicted from the
Salvation Army, and DSS again took emergency custody of children. Another finding of abuse
and neglect was entered against appellant on July 1, 2002.
By June of 2002 appellant had taken up residence in a one-bedroom apartment with Mark
Smallwood. Appellant knew that Smallwood had a criminal history and a drinking problem, but
thought he would be an “excellent influence” on her children when they were returned to her
custody. At some point appellant told the senior social worker with DSS that she could not
afford a suitable residence of her own for children as she was paying Smallwood’s bills while he
was away. Appellant lived in the one-bedroom apartment with Smallwood until December of
2002.
Foster care contracts dated July 1, 2002 and September 24, 2002 were signed by
appellant, with the stated goal of returning children to appellant. The contract provisions were
“objectives to be completed by [appellant] and the department in working towards the goal of
reunification [of appellant with children].” Appellant contracted, among other things, to “obtain
independent housing for her children by October 1, 2002 [and] anyone in the home over [the age
of] 18 must have [Child Protective Services] and criminal background checks”; to gain stable
employment; to secure a therapist at her own cost; to engage in no illegal activity; and, to
“demonstrate appropriate interactions” while visiting with children.
Although it is not clear where she lived immediately after December of 2002, in April of
2003 appellant leased her own residence. She continued to be involved with Smallwood, who
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was in and out of jail for alcohol-related probation violations through July 9, 2003. Call records
from the Winchester Police Department for appellant’s residence from July 1 through October of
2003 indicate police intervention was required at or near appellant’s residence on ten separate
occasions.
Appellant began seeing a psychiatrist in March of 2003, and began taking medication for
her depression. Appellant saw a therapist briefly, but stopped soon after. She also saw a
counselor for a single session. She completed a parenting workshop on June 2, 2003. She
continued to draw Social Security disability payments for anxiety and depression, and she
became employed in January of 2003. She was terminated from one job and took another around
October 27, 2003.
A final foster care plan was filed by DSS on May 23, 2003. The goal of returning
children to appellant’s custody delineated in previous foster care plans was changed to
permanent adoption, and the Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court of Frederick County
approved the plan on June 24, 2003. Appellant’s residual parental rights were terminated by
juvenile and domestic relations district court order on August 19, 2003. Appellant appealed the
termination, and an ore tenus hearing was held in the Circuit Court of Frederick County on
December 3, 2003.
Dr. Bernard J. Lewis, a licensed clinical psychologist, evaluated appellant on two
separate occasions, most recently in October of 2002. Dr. Lewis testified that, psychologically,
appellant presented
as a [sic] individual who was very immature, very self-centered,
very dependent on other people, especially men[,] in relationships.
She had a significant degree of anxiety, [and] had been diagnosed
at Northwestern Community Services as having an anxiety and
panic disorder. She had some mild anti-social as well as some
narcissistic personality characteristics.
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Concerning appellant’s skills as a parent, Lewis testified, “[appellant] displayed a shocking lack
of understanding of basic parenting skills and techniques.” Dr. Lewis concluded that
[appellant] did not understand the special needs and problems of
the children, that her ability to provide appropriate structure and
discipline for the children would be very weak and that the
children would be at a very high risk for the continuation and the
worsening of any behavior and emotional problems if they were
placed in her care and custody.
Dr. Milan R. Majarov, a licensed clinical psychologist, was part of a team of
professionals that conducted evaluations of children between May 18, 2001 and October of 2002.
The team included a psychiatrist, a pediatrician and an educational consultant. Dr. Majarov
testified to the significant cognitive and personality deficits of both children, and opined that
children’s problems, “in great part[, are] a product of the abuse and neglect [children suffered]
virtually all of their lives.” He described both children as “fairly damaged children,” though
K.A.N. actually functioned academically at a slightly higher level than her deficits would
indicate. In response to questioning by counsel for DSS, Dr. Majarov confirmed his previously
expressed belief that the neglect or abuse suffered by children up to the time when he last saw
them represented a “serious and substantial threat to their life, health or development.” When
questioned by the court, Dr. Majarov stated “it’s not reasonably likely that the conditions which
[sic] resulted in the neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected or eliminated so as to allow
the children’s safe return to their parents within a reasonable period of time.”
Fidel Regan, a licensed clinical social worker, had served as counselor/therapist for
children since October of 2001. Regan met with appellant five times between November 28,
2001 and January 7, 2002, and continued to have contact with appellant thereafter. Regan
testified to stark differences between children’s behavior before and after the final removal of
children from the custody of appellant in May of 2002. Prior to final removal in May, J.K.N.’s
play activity was “extremely violent,” including cursing and screaming, foul language, kicking
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and pretending to stab stuffed animals and talking about blood and killing, while K.A.N.’s
behavior was very oppositional, confrontational and physically threatening. After the final
removal in May of 2002, children “behaved beautifully.” Although the violent play behavior
continued in J.K.N., the violence had gone out of his play by October of 2002. J.K.N. was also
toilet trained while in his foster care placement at almost six years old. The oppositional
behavior of K.A.N. had decreased, and overall behavior had improved. In response to
questioning, Regan opined that it was not reasonably likely that appellant could remedy the
circumstances that required children to be placed in foster care.
Jill Falsetti, the Senior Social Worker in the Foster Care Adoption Unit at DSS, testified
that she supervised almost every bi-weekly, and later monthly, visitation between appellant and
children while in DSS custody. Falsetti described those visits as “chaotic” and requiring a high
level of intervention to ensure the visits did not “get out of hand.” During each visit, appellant
was unable to demonstrate an ability to guide and control children and there was never a time
when Falsetti did not have to intervene. The visits were characterized by “fits of rage,” “temper
tantrums” and other inappropriate behavior by children that appellant did not correct or properly
address.
The guardian ad litem (GAL) for children observed them on several occasions, and
reported “dramatic” improvement in the behavior of children during the time they were in foster
care. Visits with appellant became more calm as well, and there was an obvious affection in
children for appellant. However, based on her observations and discussions with care providers
and others, GAL recommended continued foster care and adoption as a permanent goal.
At the conclusion of the hearing, the circuit court terminated appellant’s residual parental
rights pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(B). This appeal followed.
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II. STANDARD OF REVIEW AND RELEVANT LAW
When addressing matters that concern children, the paramount consideration of a trial
court is the child’s best interests. Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 463. See also Farley
v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 326, 329, 387 S.E.2d 794, 796 (1990); Toombs v. Lynchburg Div. of Soc.
Servs., 223 Va. 225, 230, 288 S.E.2d 405, 407-08 (1982). On appeal, we presume the trial court
in making its decision has “thoroughly weighed all the evidence, considered the statutory
requirements, and made its determination based on the child’s best interests.” Farley, 9 Va. App.
at 329, 387 S.E.2d at 796 (citing Brown v. Brown, 218 Va. 196, 200, 237 S.E.2d 89, 92 (1977)).
In assessing the sufficiency of the evidence to justify the decision of the trial court, we
review the record in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below, here DSS. Ferguson,
14 Va. App. at 336, 417 S.E.2d at 2. When the trial court bases its decision on evidence heard
ore tenus, we will not disturb it unless “plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Logan,
13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 463 (citing Peple v. Peple, 5 Va. App. 414, 422, 364 S.E.2d
232, 237 (1988)).
Pursuant to § 16.1-283(B), the court may terminate the residual rights of a parent whose
child has been neglected and placed in foster care based upon clear and convincing evidence that
it is in the child’s best interest, and that (1) “[t]he neglect . . . suffered by [the] child presented a
serious and substantial threat to his life, health or development,” Code § 16.1-283(B)(1), and that
(2) “[i]t is not reasonably likely that the conditions which resulted in such neglect . . . can be
substantially corrected or eliminated so as to allow the child’s safe return to his parent . . . within
a reasonable period of time.” Code § 16.1-283(B)(2).
III. ANALYSIS
Appellant points to demonstrations of children’s reciprocated affection for appellant and
to K.A.N.’s academic performance at a level higher than the cognitive deficits would indicate,
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and argues that DSS failed to establish by clear and convincing evidence that the termination of
appellant’s residual parental rights was in children’s best interests. We disagree. The record is
replete with evidence that appellant failed to advance the best interests of children. It has been
shown, inter alia, that appellant failed properly and consistently to house herself and children;
that appellant had placed her children in danger by driving with them while intoxicated; that her
boyfriend had a criminal record and a drinking problem; that children had been abused and
neglected while in appellant’s custody; and, that the cognitive health and development of
children had been stunted by appellant’s failures.
Appellant next argues that DSS failed to show by clear and convincing evidence that it
was not reasonably likely that the conditions resulting in the neglect and abuse could be
substantially corrected or eliminated so as to allow the safe return of children to appellant’s
custody within a reasonable period of time. We disagree. Appellant’s depression and anxiety
problems continued to render her unable properly to parent her children, and the professionals
who observed children were unanimous in their opinion that the conditions necessitating removal
were not reasonably soluble. Further, little progress was being made by appellant in her contract
goals. Appellant remained unable to control her children during her visits with them. She did
not obtain stable housing until April of 2003, and she remained closely involved with an
alcoholic man who had a continuing criminal history. She did not continue to attend counseling
and therapy sessions, and she was terminated from her job.
Thus, we cannot say that the trial court’s findings by clear and convincing evidence that
termination of appellant’s residual parental rights was in the best interests of the children and
that it is not reasonably likely that the conditions resulting in the neglect and abuse could be
substantially corrected or eliminated so as to allow the safe return of children to appellant’s
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custody within a reasonable period of time as provided in Code § 16.1-283(B) were plainly
wrong or without evidence to support them. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s decision.
Affirmed.
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