IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on Briefs May 11, 2004
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. HUBERT E. NARD
Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Franklin County
No. 14644 J. Curtis Smith, Judge
No. M2003-02294-CCA-R3-CD - Filed June 17, 2004
The defendant, in this appeal of right, challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support his
convictions for driving under the influence (DUI) and disorderly conduct. After a careful review of
the record, we affirm both convictions. The disorderly conduct conviction is remanded for
modification of judgment to conform to the statutory maximum sentence.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgments of the Circuit Court Affirmed in Part
and Remanded for Modification of Judgment
JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID G. HAYES and
THOMAS T. WOODALL, JJ., joined.
Robert S. Peters, Winchester, Tennessee, for the appellant, Hubert E. Nard.
Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; David H. Findley, Assistant Attorney General;
James Michael Taylor, District Attorney General; and Steven M. Blount, Assistant District Attorney
General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
The defendant, Hubert E. Nard, was indicted for driving under the influence (DUI), violation
of implied consent, reckless driving, and disorderly conduct. The defendant was tried on the DUI
and disorderly conduct charges, and a jury returned guilty verdicts on both.
The defendant was sentenced to eleven months, twenty-nine days probation with the
exception of ten weekends of service in the county jail and a fine of $350 on the DUI and to ten
concurrent weekends with thirty days probation and a fine of $50 on the disorderly conduct charge.
The defendant appeals both convictions on the grounds that the evidence does not support the
verdicts of guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
Matthew Baker, a Cowan police officer, assisted fellow officer, Clayton Williams, in a traffic
stop of the defendant. The stop occurred on March 24, 2002, at Linda’s Market, next door to the
Cowan City Hall. Baker approached the defendant, detected an odor of alcohol, and noticed the
defendant was wearing what Baker described as pajamas. The defendant admitted to having
consumed alcohol. Baker was coming off his duty shift and offered the defendant a ride home. The
defendant responded that he was not intoxicated but that as a taxpayer in Cowan, he could drive there
intoxicated. The defendant was asked to perform sobriety tests by the officer. The defendant first
performed the one-leg standing test and was next asked to do a heel-to-toe test. Baker stated that the
defendant became argumentative and uncooperative and began rolling on the ground. Baker
considered the defendant’s actions as threatening and thought the defendant had performed poorly
on the field sobriety test. A video of the defendant’s field sobriety tests was shown to the jury but
was not included in the appellate record. It is the duty of the accused to provide a record which
conveys a fair, accurate, and complete account of what transpired with regard to the issues which
form the basis of the appeal. Tenn. R. App. P. 24(b); see State v. Taylor, 992 S.W.2d 941, 944
(Tenn. 1999). The defendant was then handcuffed and arrested and agreed to take a blood alcohol
test. The defendant had originally been stopped only for the speeding offense.
Clayton Williams was the Cowan officer who initiated the traffic stop of the defendant for
driving fifty-three miles per hour in a thirty miles per hour zone. The officer noticed an odor of
alcohol on the defendant, and the defendant admitted he had been drinking. Williams said that the
defendant asked if the officers wanted him to act like a monkey, do back flips, and roll on the
ground. The defendant then began rolling on the ground. The officer considered the defendant’s
actions as threatening. After the defendant requested a blood alcohol screening, Williams
transported him to the hospital emergency room. He stated that on the trip, the defendant was loud
and belligerent but was not violent or destructive.
At the hospital, Williams attempted to read the defendant the implied consent form but was
interrupted by the defendant who stated he was not signing anything but demanded the blood test.
Faced with the defendant’s refusal to sign the form, the blood was not taken and the defendant was
escorted out of the building. Outside the hospital, the defendant slumped slowly to the ground and
began exhibiting signs of seizure activity. A doctor and a nurse responded. The doctor observed the
defendant and stated that the defendant was faking the seizure. The defendant was then taken to the
jail for booking. There the defendant signed a citation but refused to sign the implied consent form.
Williams opined that, based on the odor of alcohol and the defendant’s behavior, the defendant was
intoxicated.
On cross-examination, the officer affirmed that the defendant was willing to take the blood
test but would not sign the implied consent form and, as a result, the test was not administered. The
officer observed no driving violation other than speeding and found no evidence of alcohol in the
defendant’s vehicle.
Christy Brown was the charge nurse on duty at the emergency room when the defendant was
presented there. She described the defendant as reeking of alcohol and having slurred speech and
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bloodshot, glassy eyes. At one point she said that the defendant, without explanation, became
aggressive toward her, and the security guard stepped between her and the defendant. Brown and
the doctor on duty were summoned outside when the defendant was being escorted away. The
defendant was “flailing” and “jerking” on the ground. The doctor, after observing the defendant, told
the defendant that he was not having a seizure. The defendant responded, “Yes, I am,” but
eventually stopped his activity and was escorted away by the officer.
Joe Metcalf was the security guard present when the defendant was at the emergency room.
He described the defendant when the defendant collapsed outside. Metcalf said the defendant eased
down to the ground and began to shake. However, the defendant was able to respond to verbal
commands during this time. Based on the defendant’s slurred speech, unsteady gait, aggressiveness,
strong odor of alcohol, and bloodshot eyes, Metcalf believed the defendant was intoxicated.
Don Coffer was the correctional officer at the jail when the defendant was booked. He stated
that he smelled alcohol on the defendant and that the defendant appeared intoxicated. Coffer said
the defendant caused no problem at the jail.
Joanne Nard, the defendant’s wife, was the first witness called by the defense. By way of
background, she said they had been married for twenty-eight years. The defendant was a long-haul
truck driver and a diabetic. The defendant who had just returned from a stint at work on March 24th,
arrived home at 9:00 or 10:00 that morning. She said he had a steak and drank two beers before
leaving to visit his brother. The defendant had checked his blood sugar level, and it was 380 to 386.
The defendant returned from his brother’s home shortly after 6:00 p.m., and Ms. Nard thought the
defendant drank more during his absence from home. The defendant was dizzy, and a check of his
blood sugar revealed it was elevated to 553. The defendant put on some oversize shorts, took a
blood pressure pill, and went to sleep. Around 9:00 or 9:30 that night, the defendant’s nephew came
by and asked for a ride to his girlfriend’s house. The defendant got out of bed to take the nephew.
The defendant’s nephew, Edward Lamont Wood, testified to his arrival at the defendant’s
residence at 9:00 or 9:30 p.m. He stated that the defendant did not drink anything on the trip to
Winchester and that there was no alcohol in the vehicle.
The defendant testified that after his arrival home from work on March 24th, he went to the
store and bought a six pack of beer and a steak. Although he drank two beers, he said he hardly ate
anything. The defendant said he went to his brother’s residence about noon and returned home
within thirty or forty minutes. He was dizzy on his return and went to bed. He was awakened by
his nephew that night and then took his nephew to Winchester. While returning home, the defendant
said he was stopped in Cowan by the police officer.
The defendant told Officer Baker that he had drank two beers. When requested by Baker to
perform sobriety tests, the defendant said he performed “about two.” He then said he was
demonstrating he could do a push up in what the officer had called rolling around on the ground.
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The defendant maintained that he was “under control” and not under the influence. He said that he
could not recall the events that happened after he got a drink of water at the hospital.
In determining the sufficiency of the evidence, this Court does not reweigh or reevaluate the
evidence. State v. Cabbage, 571 S.W.2d 832, 835 (Tenn. 1978). A jury verdict approved by the trial
judge accredits the State’s witnesses and resolves all conflicts in favor of the State. State v. Bigbee,
885 S.W.2d 797, 803 (Tenn. 1994). On appeal, the State is entitled to the strongest legitimate view
of the evidence and all legitimate or reasonable inferences which may be drawn therefrom. Id. This
Court will not disturb a verdict of guilt due to the sufficiency of the evidence unless the defendant
demonstrates that the facts contained in the record and the inferences which may be drawn therefrom
are insufficient, as a matter of law, for a rational trier of fact to find the accused guilty beyond a
reasonable doubt. State v. Brewer, 932 S.W.2d 1, 19 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1996). Accordingly, it is
the appellate court’s duty to affirm the conviction if the evidence, viewed under these standards, was
sufficient for any rational trier of fact to have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a
reasonable doubt. Tenn. R. App. P. 13(e); Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781,
2789, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979); State v. Cazes, 875 S.W.2d 253, 259 (Tenn. 1994).
Driving Under The Influence
Tennessee Code Annotated section 55-10-401, in pertinent part, provides:
It is unlawful for any person to drive or to be in physical control of any
automobile or other motor driven vehicle on any of the public roads and highways
of the state, or on any streets or alleys, or while on the premises of any shopping
center, trailer park or any apartment house complex, or any other premises which is
generally frequented by the public at large, while:
(1) Under the influence of any intoxicant, marijuana, narcotic drug, or drug
producing stimulating effects on the central nervous system . . .
It is not disputed that the defendant was driving his vehicle on the public highways and
streets when he was stopped for speeding. The defendant, however, contends that the evidence is
insufficient to prove that he was under the influence of an intoxicant. The jury had the benefit of
hearing the testimony of the witnesses, as well as viewing the video of the defendant at the traffic
stop.
The prosecution witnesses who encountered the defendant on the day of his arrest, without
exception, testified they believed him to be intoxicated. Their individual descriptions varied, but
included the following characteristics as exhibited by the defendant: a strong odor of alcohol, an
unsteady gait, aggressive behavior, and slurred speech. The jury was entitled to accept these
classical symptoms as evidence of the defendant’s intoxication and reject the defendant’s testimony
to the contrary. There is ample evidence in the record to sustain the defendant’s conviction for
driving under the influence, and we affirm the judgment.
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Disorderly Conduct
The offense of disorderly conduct is defined by Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-17-
305:
(a) A person commits an offense who, in a public place and with intent to cause
public annoyance or alarm:
(1) Engages in fighting or in violent or threatening behavior;
(2) Refuses to obey an official order to disperse issued to maintain public safety
in dangerous proximity to a fire, hazard or other emergency; or
(3) Creates a hazardous or physically offensive condition by any act that serves
no legitimate purpose.
(b) A person also violates this section who makes unreasonable noise which prevents
others from carrying on lawful activities.
(c) A violation of this section is a Class C misdemeanor. [Acts 1989, ch. 591, § 1.]
In this case, the framing of the indictment, and the jury instructions, indicate that the State
was prosecuting the defendant on disorderly conduct for his “threatening behavior.” Officer Baker
testified that the defendant was loud, belligerent, and out of control at the time of the attempted field
sobriety tests. The officer also told about the defendant rolling on the ground as an unscheduled and
unrequested element of the sobriety testing. The officer said he found the defendant’s actions to be
threatening.
Clayton Williams, the other Cowan officer, was present at the traffic stop and transported the
defendant to the hospital. He stated that the defendant yelled, screamed, and refused to cooperate
during the sobriety tests. He said the defendant felt he was being “picked on” and responded by
asking if the officers wanted him to “act like a monkey, do back flips, roll on the ground.” During
the transport to the hospital, the defendant was not violent but was loud and belligerent according
to the officer. Williams said he felt the defendant’s actions at the traffic stop were threatening. He
also witnessed the defendant’s feigned seizure outside the hospital.
Christy Brown, the charge nurse at the hospital, stated that the security guard had to step
between the defendant and her because the defendant was becoming “very aggressive.” The security
guard, Joe Metcalf, said the defendant stood up and became “a little aggressive” and Metcalf stepped
between the defendant and the nurse.
None of the witnesses testifying as to the defendant’s “threatening” or “aggressive” behavior
make mention of any verbal threats or attempts of violence on the defendant’s part. There is not so
much as even a clenched fist or a raised hand mentioned in their testimony. We are mindful,
however, that the jury had the opportunity to view the video taken at the time of the sobriety tests
which may very well have conveyed more menace than the officers’ testimony demonstrates. It is
also significant that the security guard felt it necessary to shield the nurse at the emergency room
from the defendant. For these reasons, we conclude that a rational jury could find the defendant
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guilty of disorderly conduct by his threatening behavior at either the scene of the arrest or at the
hospital.
We are mindful that this analysis might raise inquiry regarding the unanimity of the jury’s
verdict and whether the State was required to make an election of offenses. See Burlison v. State,
501 S.W.2d 801, 804 (Tenn. 1973). However, the defendant’s issue concerns only the sufficiency
of the evidence. The closing arguments of counsel, as well as the videotape, were not included in
the record. We are unable to determine from the record whether or not “plain error” occurred due
to any lack of a proper election of offenses by the State.
The defendant received a concurrent sentence of ten weekends and thirty days probation for
his conviction of disorderly conduct. This offense is designated as a Class C misdemeanor in
Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-17-305. The maximum sentence for a Class C misdemeanor
is statutorily limited to thirty days. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-111(e)(3). We therefore remand
for modification and correction of the judgment to reflect deletion of the thirty days probation as to
the disorderly convict conviction.
For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that the defendant has failed to prove the evidence
was insufficient to support his convictions for DUI and disorderly conduct. We therefore affirm the
convictions and remand for correction of the judgment as to sentencing on the disorderly conduct
conviction.
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JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, JUDGE
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