STATE of Oregon, Respondent,
v.
Gilbert Lee MEYER, Jr., Appellant.
No. DA 143938; CA 15453.
Court of Appeals of Oregon.
Argued and Submitted February 13, 1980. Decided March 24, 1980.*583 Jenny Marlin Cooke, Portland, argued the cause and filed the brief for appellant.
Robert C. Cannon, Asst. Atty. Gen., Salem, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were James A. Redden, Atty. Gen., and Walter L. Barrie, Sol. Gen., Salem.
Before SCHWAB, C.J., and RICHARDSON and GILLETTE,[*] JJ.
SCHWAB, Chief Justice.
Defendant appeals his conviction of assault in the fourth degree, and assigns as error the trial judge's failure to disqualify himself on motion.
On April 4, 1979, defendant appeared before Judge Thomas L. Moultrie for hearing on his motion to suppress evidence. After Judge Moultrie had denied the motion, defendant's counsel informed the court that defendant had just called counsel's attention to two pending civil actions between defendant and the judge and orally moved the judge to disqualify himself on the grounds of bias and prejudice.[1] Defense counsel presented the court with copies of the complaints. One of the cases had been brought by defendant and others against Judge Moultrie. The other had been brought by Judge Moultrie and others against defendant.
Pendency of an action brought by a litigant against the judge hearing his case does not necessarily constitute bias requiring disqualification of the judge. Otherwise litigants could choose their judge by filing a law suit against all judges not to their liking. State v. Meyer, 31 Or. App. 775, 781, 571 P.2d 550 (1977).
Here, however not only had defendant sued the judge, but the judge had leveled a serious charge against defendant which was pending. Cannon 3(C) of the Oregon Code of Judicial Conduct, adopted by the Supreme Court March 11, 1975, provides:
"A Judge should perform the duties of his office impartially and diligently.
"* * *
"C. Disqualification
"(1) A judge should disqualify himself in a proceeding in which his impartiality might reasonably be questioned * *."
The pendency of litigation initiated by a judge against one who presently stands before him raises such a question.
Reversed and remanded for new trial.
NOTES
[*] GILLETTE, J., vice LEE, J., deceased.
[1] Defendant had not timely filed, in writing a motion and affidavit which would have automatically disqualified Judge Moultrie under ORS 14.260.