UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
Filed 10/23/96
TENTH CIRCUIT
RALPH W. FISHER, JR.,
Petitioner-Appellant,
No. 96-5117
v. (N. Dist. of Oklahoma)
(D.C. No. 95-C-778-B)
L. L. YOUNG, Warden,
Respondent-Appellee.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before ANDERSON, BARRETT, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.
Having examined the briefs and the appellate record, this panel determines
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R.34.1.9. This case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument.
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
Petitioner was convicted in Oklahoma on three counts of “Uttering a
Forged Instrument,” stemming from his purchase of three pieces of jewelry. See
21 Oklahoma Statutes § 1592.
This is an appeal of the dismissal of a petition for writ of habeas corpus
filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The court below dismissed the petition under
Rule 9(b) of the Rules Governing § 2254 Cases in the United States District
Courts. The rule states,
A second or successive petition may be dismissed if the judge finds
that it fails to allege new or different grounds for relief and the prior
determination was on the merits or, if new and different grounds are
alleged, the judge finds that the failure of the petitioner to assert
those grounds in a prior petition constituted an abuse of the writ.
This petition is Mr. Fisher’s third. The district court liberally construed its
claim as “new,” even though it closely resembles a claim asserted in a previous
petition. The court, however, found that the failure to include the new claim in a
previous petition could not be excused by “cause” and “prejudice.” See
McCleskey v. Zant, 499 U.S. 467, 493 (1991) (holding that procedural default
excused upon a showing of cause and prejudice). It dismissed the petition,
therefore, as an abuse of the writ.
Petitioner’s claim is, essentially, that his due process rights are being
violated because he is incarcerated on three convictions stemming from a single
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criminal act. He asserts that the three jewelry purchases in question occurred in
close succession at the same store and were thus part of a single offense.
The facts, however, are that Mr. Fisher bought three different pieces of
jewelry with three different forged instruments. Mr. Fisher’s assertion that his
actions constitute one rather than three crimes was addressed and disposed of in
the federal court’s rejection of his first habeas petition, wherein he framed this
same issue as a double jeopardy claim. Id. at 2.
There is no question that Mr. Fisher’s actions constitute three, separate
crimes. Title 21, section 1592 of the Oklahoma Statutes makes it a crime to utter
a forged instrument. Mr. Fisher uttered three, separate forged instruments and,
therefore, committed three, separate crimes. See Fisher v. Kaiser, No. 90-1427-T
(W.Dist.Okl. 1992) at 14-15.
Mr. Fisher argues that his failure to assert this new claim in a previous
petition is excused by “cause” -- that he was prevented from knowing about the
new claim because of some alleged deficiency in the collection at the prison
library. The merits of this argument were not addressed by the district court
because it was clear that even if Mr. Fisher had “cause,” he would suffer no
“prejudice” in the dismissal of the instant petition, since its central claim is
fallacious. Failure to include a claim in a previous petition is excused only by
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“cause” and “prejudice.” See McCleskey, 499 U.S. at 493. The district court
thus held that the instant petition is an abuse of the writ.
An abuse of the writ may be overlooked where a petitioner makes a
colorable showing of actual innocence. Herrera v. Collins, 506 U.S. 390, 403-404
(1993). Mr. Fisher made no such showing.
This challenge to the district court’s dismissal “may not be taken to the
court of appeals” unless the petitioner is first issued a “certificate of
appealability.” Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (the
“Act”), Pub.L. No. 104-132, 28 U.S.C. § 2253. 1
A certificate of appealability is granted only if the petitioner makes a
substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right. 28 U.S.C. § 2253.
Such a showing is made if the issues raised by the petition are debatable among
jurists of reason, if a court could resolve the issues differently, or if the questions
presented are deserving of further proceedings. Barefoot v. Estelle, 463 U.S. 880,
893 (1983). 2
1
The “certificate of appealability” section of the Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2253,
applies retroactively. Lennox v. Evans, 87 F.3d 431 (10th Cir. 1996). Thus, it is
applied in this case even though the district court’s order was filed prior to the
date on which the Act took effect.
2
The standard for obtaining a “certificate of appealability” under the Act
has not changed from the standard for obtaining a “certificate of probable cause,”
as was required prior to the Act. Lennox v. Evans, 87 F.3d 431 (10th Cir. 1996).
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As discussed, Mr. Fisher’s claim that his conduct constitutes only one
criminal act is without merit. His failure to include the claim in a previous writ is
thus not excused, as he suffers no prejudice by its dismissal. This is not
debatable among jurists of reason. A court could not resolve the issues
differently. The questions presented do not deserve further proceedings.
Accordingly, we DENY Mr. Fisher’s application for a certificate of
appealability and DISMISS the appeal.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Michael R. Murphy
Circuit Judge
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