F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
JUN 10 1997
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee, Case No. 96-3228
v. (D.C. 95-1246-FGT)
(District of Kansas)
ORIENTA PARK SECOND, WICHITA,
KS, also known as 2827 West Maxwell,
Wichita, KS, located at Lots 55, 57, and
59, Block 10,
Defendant.
TYRONE M. CLARK,
Claimant - Appellant,
MARGARET M. CLARK,
Claimant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
Before ANDERSON, HENRY, and BRISCOE, Circuit Judges.
* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under
the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has unanimously
determined that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this
appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore ordered
submitted without oral argument.
Claimant Tyrone Maurice Clark appeals the district court’s order denying his
motion to dismiss.1 Mr. Clark contends that his previous criminal conviction and
forfeiture of $100,000 prohibit the present civil forfeiture action under the Double
Jeopardy Clause, U.S. Const. amend. V, cl. 2. We affirm the district court’s denial of the
motion to dismiss.2
I. BACKGROUND
After obtaining a criminal conviction against Mr. Clark, the government initiated
an action under 21 U.S.C. § 881(a)(7), seeking civil forfeiture of certain real property,
1
On December 2, 1996, Mr. Clark filed a completed application to proceed
without prepayment of the filing fee pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915. That request is
granted. In accord with the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”) of 1995, Pub. L. No.
104-134, 110 Stat. 1321 (1996), however, Mr. Clark is obligated to make an initial partial
payment equal to 20 percent of the greater of: (a) the average monthly deposits to his
prison account for the last six months, or (b) the average monthly balance in his account
for the previous six-month period. See PLRA § 101(a) (to be codified at 28 U.S.C. §
1915(b)(1)). Thereafter, Mr. Clark shall make a monthly payment every time his balance
reaches $10.00. Mr. Clark is required to make monthly payments of 20% of the previous
month’s income.
2
Mr. Clark did not attach the district court’s order to his brief as is required by
our rules. See 10th Cir. R. 28.2(d).
2
Orienta Park Second, the named defendant in this action. Mr. Clark moved to dismiss the
case, alleging that the forfeiture was barred by double jeopardy in light of his previous
conviction.
II. DISCUSSION
The government urges that we dismiss the appeal on the ground that the district
court’s denial of the motion to dismiss was not a final, appealable order under 28 U.S.C. §
1292. However, in Abney v. United States, 431 U.S. 651 (1977), the Supreme Court held
that pretrial denials of double jeopardy claims are immediately appealable because “the
Double Jeopardy Clause would be significantly undermined if appellate review . . . were
postponed until after conviction and sentence.” Id. at 660. The Double Jeopardy Clause
is designed to protect against subsequent trial, not merely subsequent conviction. See id.
at 661-62. Thus, a “double jeopardy challenge . . . must be reviewable before that
subsequent exposure [at trial] occurs.” Id. at 662. Therefore, we hold that Mr. Clark may
properly appeal the district court order denying his motion to dismiss.
However, the appeal must fail on its merits. In United States v. Ursery, __ U.S.
__, 116 S.Ct. 2135 (1996), the Supreme Court held that in rem civil forfeiture does not
constitute punishment under the Double Jeopardy Clause. Id. at __, 116 S. Ct. at 2142.
Thus, we affirm the district court’s denial of Mr. Clark’s motion to dismiss.
3
III. CONCLUSION
Because in rem civil forfeiture does not constitute punishment under the Double
Jeopardy Clause, we AFFIRM the district court order denying the motion to dismiss.3
The mandate shall issue forthwith.
Entered for the Court,
Robert H. Henry
Circuit Judge
3
This appeal is frivolous or fails to state a claim under 28 U.S.C. §
1915(e)(2)(B)(i) or (ii) for purposes of counting “prior occasions” under 28 U.S.C. §
1915(g). A prisoner may not proceed under 28 U.S.C. § 1915 if he has, on three or more
prior occasions, filed frivolous actions or had matters dismissed for failure to state a claim
for relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g).
4