F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS NOV 20 2001
TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
No. 01-3001
v. (D.C. No. 00-3382-RDR)
(Kansas)
NORMAN WESLEY QUARLES,
Defendant-Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before SEYMOUR, McKAY, Circuit Judges, and BRORBY, Senior Circuit
Judge.
Norman Quarles was convicted on one count of conspiracy to possess with
intent to distribute crack cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846 and eight counts
of distributing crack cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a). He received a
mandatory minimum sentence of twenty years on the conspiracy conviction and
*
After examining appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R.
34.1(G). The case is therefore submitted without oral argument. This order and
judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case,
res judicata, or collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of
orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the
terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
twenty years on the distribution charges, with the sentences to run concurrently.
After his convictions were affirmed on direct appeal, see United States v.
Quarles, No. 99-3007, 1999 WL 999738 (10th Cir. Nov. 4, 1999), he brought this
pro se motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, alleging that (1) he received ineffective
assistance of counsel, (2) his indictment contained multiplicitous counts, and (3)
he was sentenced in violation of Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000).
The district court denied relief. Mr. Quarles appeals and seeks a certificate of
appealability. We deny the application for a certificate of appealability and
dismiss the appeal.
In order to establish that he was deprived of the effective assistance of
counsel, Mr. Quarles must show that his counsel’s performance was objectively
unreasonable, and that the deficient performance prejudiced his defense. See
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). To establish prejudice, Mr.
Quarles must show “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s
unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A
reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the
outcome.” Id. at 694.
In ruling on Mr. Quarles’ ineffective assistance claim, the district court,
which was also the trial court, observed that it had an excellent recollection of the
case and had, in addition, reviewed the trial transcript. Rec., vol. I, doc. 116 at 8.
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The court found that Mr. Quarles “was ably represented by counsel. Defense
counsel was well-prepared and did an effective job in a difficult case. He was
confronted with circumstances that were formidable. The evidence concerning
the defendant’s participation in the activities charged in the indictment was
overwhelming.” Id.
On appeal, Mr. Quarles contends his counsel was ineffective in failing to
call a list of witnesses provided by Mr. Quarles. As the district court pointed out,
Mr. Quarles does not describe who these witnesses are, what their testimony
would have been, or how their absence prejudiced his defense. Mr. Quarles also
contends that his counsel was ineffective in calling a confidential informant to the
stand to bolster an entrapment defense. We agree with the district court that the
use of this defense and witness were matters of trial strategy that do not rise to
the level of ineffective assistance. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690-91. Finally,
Mr. Quarles asserts on appeal that his counsel was ineffective in failing to address
the lack of evidence of his participation in the charged conspiracy. Mr. Quarles
raised sufficiency of the evidence on direct appeal, however, and this court held
the evidence sufficient for a jury to find beyond a reasonable doubt that he was
guilty of the charged conspiracy. See Quarles, 1999 WL 999738, at **2. His
claim of ineffective assistance in this regard is thus without merit.
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Mr. Quarles contends his indictment was multiplicitous because it charged
him both with conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute crack cocaine and
with eight substantive counts of distribution of crack cocaine which were also the
basis for the conspiracy count. As we explained in United States v. Johnson, 977
F.2d 1360, 1371 (10th Cir. 1992), multiple convictions covering the same
criminal conduct are permissible when Congress intended multiple convictions
under the relevant statutes. We held that “Congress intended to allow imposition
of separate sentences for a conspiracy conviction under 21 U.S.C. § 846 and for
the substantive drug offenses that form the object of the conspiracy.” Id.; see
also United States v. Wood, 57 F.3d 913, 920 n.3 (10th Cir. 1995).
Finally, we turn to Mr. Quarles’ argument that the trial court erred in
failing to submit the amount of drugs in each count to the jury as an element of
the offense. After Mr. Quarles’ conviction was affirmed on direct appeal, the
Supreme Court ruled in Apprendi that “[o]ther than the fact of a prior conviction,
any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory
maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.”
530 U.S. at 490. Mr. Quarles claims he was sentenced in violation of Apprendi
because his sentences were based on drug amounts which should have been
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submitted to the jury. 1 This argument fails.
Apprendi is not applicable to the facts of this case. The Court in Apprendi
specifically limited its holding to those facts that “increase[] the penalty for a
crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum.” 530 U.S. at 490. After
Apprendi, a sentence is still valid, even if the drug quantity is not proven to a
jury, when the sentence imposed does not exceed the statutory maximum sentence
allowed under 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(C) for any quantity of schedule I or II drugs
without reference to the amount of the drug charged. See United States v.
Thompson, 237 F.3d 1258, 1262 (10th Cir. 2001) (drug quantity not necessary in
indictment or as jury finding where sentence fell within statutory maximum for
“any quantity” under section 841(b)(1)(C)); see also United States v. Wilson, 244
F.3d 1208, 1214-16 (10th Cir. 2001) (same).
Under section 841(b)(1)(C), a defendant like Mr. Quarles, who has a prior
drug felony conviction, must be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not more
than thirty years. Mr. Quarles was convicted of conspiracy to possess with intent
to distribute drugs under 21 U.S.C. § 846 and sentenced to twenty years. 2
1
On appeal, Mr. Quarles argues for the first time that the question of his
prior conviction should have been submitted to the jury under Apprendi as well.
However, Apprendi expressly exempts the fact of a prior conviction from its
holding. See 530 U.S. at 490 (emphasis added).
2
A person convicted of a drug conspiracy under 21 U.S.C. § 846 is subject
to the same penalties as those prescribed for the substantive offense that was the
object of the conspiracy, in this case the penalties set out in 21 U.S.C. § 841(b).
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Because this sentence does not exceed the maximum thirty-year sentence set out
in section 841(b)(1)(C), Apprendi does not require the amount of drugs
underlying that charge to be proven to a jury at trial. See Thompson, 237 F.3d at
1262 (defendant convicted of conspiracy under section 846 as well as drug
charges). Similarly, Mr. Quarles’ twenty-year concurrent sentences on the eight
substantive counts of distributing cocaine base in violation of section 841(a) fall
within the maximum thirty-year sentence set out in section 841(b)(1)(C).
Apprendi thus does not require the amounts at issue in those counts to be
submitted to a jury for proof beyond a reasonable doubt. See id. Because Mr.
Quarles’ sentences do not exceed the statutory maximum sentence on a drug
offense for which no quantity need be proven, his claim under Apprendi is
without merit.
In order to be granted a certificate of appealability, Mr. Quarles must make
a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right. See 28 U.S.C. §
2253(c)(2). As discussed above, he has failed to do so. We therefore DENY Mr.
Quarles’ request for a certificate of appealability and DISMISS his appeal.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Stephanie K. Seymour
Circuit Judge
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