F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEB 14 2003
TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
No. 02-6108
(D.C. No. CR-99-177-A
v.
& CIV-01-1431-A)
(W.D. Oklahoma)
JAMES L. GIBSON,
Defendant - Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before TACHA, Chief Judge, SEYMOUR and EBEL, Circuit Judges.
James L. Gibson challenges the district court’s denial of his pro se motion
under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 to Vacate, Set Aside, or Correct Sentence. His case is
now before this panel on his application for a Certificate of Appealability (COA)
pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2), which provides that a COA will issue only if
the applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
right. See Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000). Because we are not
persuaded Mr. Gibson has made such a showing, we deny his application for a
COA.
Mr. Gibson entered a plea of guilty to aiding and abetting the unlawful
possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. See 18 U.S.C. § 2(a), § 922(g)(1).
His plea included a waiver of his rights to appeal or to collaterally challenge his
plea, conviction or sentence. 1 Mr. Gibson now contends that his guilty plea was
1
The waiver in this case stated:
Defendant understands that a sentencing guideline range for his case
will be determined by the Court under the guidelines issued by the
U.S. Sentencing Commission. Defendant also understands that the
Court has jurisdiction and authority to impose any sentence within
the statutory maximum for the offense(s) to which he is pleading
guilty. Defendant further understands that Title 18, United States
Code, Section 3742, gives him the right to appeal the judgment and
sentence imposed by the Court. Acknowledging all this, defendant in
exchange for the promises and concessions made by the United States
in this plea agreement, knowingly and voluntarily waives his right to
appeal or collaterally challenge:
a. Defendant’s guilty plea and any other aspect of his conviction,
including but not limited to any rulings on pretrial suppression
motions or any other pretrial dispositions of motions and issues.
b. Defendant’s sentence as imposed by the Court and the manner in
which the sentence is determined, provided the sentence is within or
below the applicable guideline range determined by the Court to
apply to this case, even if the Court rejects one or more of the
positions of the United States or the defendant set forth in paragraph
6 concerning the application of the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines;
provided that (i) defendant specifically does not waive the right to
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not knowing, voluntary, or intelligent because he was misinformed about its
sentencing consequences and because he received ineffective assistance of
counsel during the plea process. He argues further that the waiver of appeal
rights in the plea agreement is invalid due to the alleged involuntariness of his
plea. The district court examined these claims and found them to be without
merit.
As the district court correctly noted, in United States v. Cockerham, 237
F.3d 1179 (10th Cir. 2001), cert. denied, 534 U.S. 1085 (2002), we explained the
significance and effect of waiver provisions where ineffective assistance claims
are involved. A waiver such as the one made by Mr. Gibson is generally
enforceable. An exception exists where the defendant claims ineffective
assistance of counsel in the negotiation of his plea agreement or with respect to
the waiver itself. Id. at 1190-91. Mr. Gibson challenges the voluntariness and
intelligence of his plea and waiver of rights with what he claims was deficient
advice from his attorney concerning the potential sentence he might receive.
appeal an upward departure from the sentencing guideline range
determined by the Court to apply to this case, and (ii) his waiver of
rights to appeal and to bring collateral challenges shall not apply to
appeals or challenges based on changes in the law reflected in Tenth
Circuit or Supreme Court cases decided after the date of this
agreement which are held by the Tenth Circuit or Supreme Court to
have retroactive effect.
Rec. vol. I, doc. 76 at 4-5.
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In assessing this claim, the district court catalogued the occasions on which
Mr. Gibson was informed by the court and his attorney of the terms and potential
ramifications of his plea, his waiver, and the potential sentencing consequences.
It further noted Mr. Gibson’s acknowledgment that he accepted the terms of the
plea agreement and waiver and understood their impact. The court also listed the
occasions on which Mr. Gibson’s counsel demonstrated his competent
representation of his client in the plea negotiation process. Having thoroughly
reviewed the record, we agree with the district court’s conclusion that there is no
merit in Mr. Gibson’s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel in the plea
negotiation process.
Insofar as Mr. Gibson’s claims on appeal constitute attacks on his sentence
or on his representation in the sentencing process, we affirm the district court’s
holding that these attacks cannot survive the waiver in the plea agreement which
was voluntarily and knowingly made. See Cockerham, 237 F.3d at 1186-87.
In short, because none of Mr. Gibson’s challenges survive the waiver
agreement in his plea, he cannot show that reasonable jurists could debate
whether the petition should have been resolved differently or that the issues
presented are adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further. See Slack,
529 U.S. at 484. He has thus not made a substantial showing of the denial of a
constitutional right to warrant an issuance of a COA. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2).
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Accordingly, we DENY the application for a COA and DISMISS the
appeal.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Stephanie K. Seymour
Circuit Judge
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