F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
MAR 11 2004
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
RONNY JONATHAN RANTUNG;
BARISAN GRAC PITU
NAPITUPULU,
Petitioners, No. 03-9547
(BIA Nos. A76-943-564 &
v. A76-943-565)
(Petition for Review)
JOHN ASHCROFT,
Respondent.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before EBEL , BALDOCK , and LUCERO , Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination
of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
Ronny Jonathan Rantung and Barisan Grac Pitu Napitupulu petition, pro se,
for review of an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) affirming the
immigration judge’s (IJ) denial of petitioners’ request for asylum, withholding of
removal under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), and withholding of
removal under the United Nations Convention Against Torture. We must construe
a pro se petitioner’s pleadings liberally. See George v. Perrill , 62 F.3d 333, 335
(10th Cir. 1995). Petitioners appear to challenge the BIA’s summary affirmance
on unspecified grounds, the IJ’s determination that petitioners were ineligible for
asylum because their application was untimely, and the IJ’s factual findings about
petitioners’ withholding of removal request. 1
We dismiss the petition for review
for asylum for lack of jurisdiction. We deny the petition for withholding of
removal under the INA.
Summary Affirmance
Petitioners appear to challenge the BIA’s summary affirmance of the IJ’s
decision arguing that the BIA was pressured to clear its backlog and that a
two-line decision by one judge as opposed to a three judge panel demonstrates
that the BIA did not truly consider their case. Although it is not clear what legal
1
Petitioners have waived any argument with respect to the immigration
judge’s denial of their request for withholding of removal under the United
Nations Convention Against Torture because they did not raise it before the BIA.
See Rivera-Zurita v. INS , 946 F.2d 118, 120 n.2 (10th Cir. 1991).
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grounds this challenge is based upon, because petitioners are proceeding pro se,
we will construe it as a due process challenge. We recently upheld the
constitutionality of these summary affirmance procedures in Batalova v. Ashcroft ,
355 F.3d 1246, 1253-54 (10th Cir. 2004) (rejecting due process challenge to
summary affirmance procedure in 8 C.F.R. § 3.1(e)(5)). See also Sviridov v.
Ashcroft , No. 02-9574, 2004 WL 238854, at *4 (10th Cir. Feb. 10, 2004)
(rejecting due process challenge to summary affirmance procedure in 8 C.F.R.
§ 3.1(e)(4)); Hang Kannha Yuk v. Ashcroft , 355 F.3d 1222, 1232 (10th Cir. 2004)
(rejecting due process challenge to summary affirmance procedure in 8 C.F.R.
§ 3.1(a)(7)). Accordingly, petitioners’ challenge to the summary affirmance
procedure fails.
Asylum
The immigration judge determined that petitioners had failed to timely file
their asylum application. Petitioners do not dispute that the application was
untimely, but they argue that they established changed circumstances and
therefore fall within an exception to the statutory filing deadline. We lack
jurisdiction to review the IJ’s determination that petitioners are ineligible for
asylum because of the untimeliness of their application. Tsevegmid v. Ashcroft ,
336 F.3d 1231, 1234-35 (10th Cir. 2003); 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(3).
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Withholding of Removal
Section 1158(a)(3) does not strip this court of its jurisdiction to review the
BIA’s decision on petitioners’ request for withholding of removal. Tsevegmid ,
336 F.3d at 1235. Because the BIA summarily affirmed the IJ’s decision, this
court reviews the IJ’s analysis as if it were the BIA’s. Id. “The BIA’s findings of
fact are conclusive unless the record demonstrates that ‘any reasonable
adjudicator would be compelled to conclude to the contrary.’” Id. (citations
omitted). Further, “we will not question the immigration judge’s or BIA’s
credibility determinations so long as they are substantially reasonable.” Batalova ,
355 F.3d at 1254 (quotation omitted). Petitioners must establish that “it is more
likely than not that [they] would be persecuted on account of race, religion,
nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion upon
removal to that country.” 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(b)(2). Petitioners have the burden of
showing a “clear probability of persecution,” which is a higher standard than that
for asylum. Krastev v. INS , 292 F.3d 1268, 1271 (10th Cir. 2002).
The IJ concluded that the lead petitioner’s 2
evidence did not “establish that
if he were now to return with his wife to Indonesia that [it] is more likely than not
that he would be subject to persecution.” Admin. R. at 60. In so doing, the IJ
2
Mr. Rantung is the lead petitioner and his wife was included on his
application.
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found that the lead petitioner’s testimony “was not sufficiently detailed,
consistent, or believable to provide a coherent account of the basis of his
fears . . . .” Id. at 58-59. In support of this conclusion, the IJ noted that although
the lead petitioner was Christian, he was able to get through school fairly well
and was even able to receive post-high school education at a private civil aviation
school, in contrast to the IJ’s experience with other Indonesian immigrants who
have testified that it is very difficult to receive higher education in Indonesia if
you are not Muslim. The IJ also found it troubling that the petitioners waited
almost eleven years to apply for asylum even though there have been problems in
Indonesia for many years including riots in 1989, 1990, 1993, 1996, and 1997.
The IJ’s credibility determination was also impacted by the fact that petitioner
had lost the identification card that allegedly identified him as a Christian and
that he had testified at the hearing about an additional beating that he had not
included in his original affidavit. Finally, the IJ indicated that he had read about
the situation in Indonesia in the 2000 State Department Report and found that
although there are still problems with the treatment of Christians and the
ethnic-Chinese, the new government is trying to take the right steps to protect
everyone in the country.
In petitioners’ pro se brief, they argue generally that “we will suffer future
acts of persecution based on our Christian religion.” Pet’rs Br. at ¶ 2. They do
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not, however, explain how the IJ erred in reaching the opposite conclusion other
than to complain that although the “Indonesian Government has taken steps
to improve or better our situation in Indonesia . . . . Nothing has truly changed
. . . .” Id. ¶ 5. Finally, petitioners themselves construe the likelihood of their
future persecution as “more than a one-in-ten chance.” Id. ¶ 2. A better than ten
percent chance of persecution does not qualify as “more likely than not.”
8 C.F.R. § 208.16(b)(2). After reviewing the record in accordance with the
prescribed deferential standard of review, we cannot conclude that a reasonable
adjudicator would be compelled to reject the IJ’s findings of fact nor can we say
that his credibility findings were substantially unreasonable.
This court will not consider respondent’s motion for summary denial
of review petition in lieu of answering brief because it does not comply with
10th Cir. R. 27.2. We DISMISS the petition for review of petitioners’
asylum application for lack of jurisdiction. We DENY the petition for review
of petitioners’ request for withholding of removal and we AFFIRM the
BIA’s decision.
Entered for the Court
Bobby R. Baldock
Circuit Judge
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