F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
June 6, 2005
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v. No. 04-3192
(D. Kansas)
DAN ANDERSON, (D.Ct. Nos. 03-CV-3009-JWL &
98-CR-20030-01-JWL)
Defendant - Appellant.
ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY
AND DISMISSING APPEAL
Before SEYMOUR, LUCERO, and O’BRIEN, Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Dan Anderson, requests a certificate of appealability (COA) 1 to enable an
appeal of the district court’s denial of his habeas corpus petition under 28 U.S.C.
1
“Unless a circuit justice or judge issues a certificate of appealability, an appeal
may not be taken to the court of appeals from . . . the final order in a proceeding under
section 2255.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(B).
§ 2255. Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 2253(a), we see no
basis for an appeal and DENY a COA.
The underlying facts of Anderson’s convictions are found in United States
v. McClatchey, 217 F.3d 823 (10th Cir. 2000), and United States v. LaHue, 261
F.3d 993 (10th Cir. 2001). In particular, Anderson, along with five other
defendants, was charged with various violations of the Medicare Anti-Kickback
statute, 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b(b), and conspiracy in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371. 2
After a nine-week jury trial, Anderson was convicted on April 5, 1999, of
conspiracy and one violation of the Medicare Anti-Kickback statute. The district
court subsequently sentenced Anderson to fifty-one months in prison, a $75,000
fine, and three years of supervised release. LaHue, 261 F.3d at 1001-02.
Anderson’s sentence was affirmed on direct appeal. Id. at 1016.
Anderson later filed a § 2255 habeas petition asserting various claims under
Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000), and Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S.
2
18 U.S.C. § 371 reads as follows:
If two or more persons conspire either to commit any offense against the United
States, or to defraud the United States, or any agency thereof in any manner or for
any purpose, and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the
conspiracy, each shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five
years, or both.
If, however, the offense, the commission of which is the object of the conspiracy,
is a misdemeanor only, the punishment for such conspiracy shall not exceed the
maximum punishment provided for such misdemeanor.
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83 (1963). The district court found Anderson’s Apprendi claim to be without
merit because he was sentenced below the statutory maximum. The court,
however, did allow Anderson to conduct further discovery on the allegation that a
government witness, Sarah Grim, had an undisclosed prior relationship with law
enforcement which could have been used to impeach her testimony. After
conducting an evidentiary hearing, the court ultimately denied Anderson’s habeas
petition on March 25, 2004. The court also denied Anderson’s request for a
COA.
Anderson now asserts the district court (1) violated Blakely v. Washington,
--U.S.--, 124 S.Ct. 2531 (2004), by calculating his offense level on facts neither
charged in the indictment nor determined by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt 3
and (2) erred in concluding the Government did not violate the dictates of Brady
in light of substantial evidence that the Government failed to disclose evidence
that Grim cultivated relationships with the federal government prior to
Anderson’s trial.
A COA is a jurisdictional pre-requisite to our review. One may issue “only
if the applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional
right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2); Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 336 (2003).
3
In supplemental briefing, Anderson also asserts his sentence violates United
States v. Booker, - - U.S. - -, 125 S.Ct. 738 (2005) (applying Blakely to invalidate
mandatory federal sentencing guidelines).
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The petitioner must demonstrate that reasonable jurists would find the court’s
assessment of the claims debatable or wrong. Id. at 327 (citing Slack v.
McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000)). In reviewing for a COA, we are forbidden
from giving full consideration to the factual or legal bases urged in support of the
claims. To the contrary, we preview the claims and make a general assessment of
their merit. Id. at 336. Although petitioner, in requesting a COA, is not required
to prove the merits of the case, the threshold of proof is higher than good faith or
lack of frivolity. Id. at 338.
We easily dispose of Anderson’s Blakely claim, which, in supplemental
briefing, has matured into a Booker claim. See Booker, - - U.S. - -, 125 S.Ct. 738
(applying Blakely to invalidate mandatory federal sentencing guidelines).
“Blakely does not apply retroactively to convictions that were already final at the
time the Court decided Blakely, June 24, 2004.” United States v. Price, 400 F.3d
844, 849 (10th Cir. 2005). “[A] conviction becomes final when the availability of
a direct appeal has been exhausted, and the time for filing a certiorari petition
with the Supreme Court has elapsed, or the Court has denied a timely certiorari
petition.” Id. at 846. Anderson’s conviction became final when the Supreme
Court denied his petition for certiorari on January 7, 2002. See LaHue v. United
States, 534 U.S. 1083 (2002). Therefore, Blakely does not apply retroactively to
his conviction. Inasmuch as Booker merely extended Blakely to invalidate the
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federal sentencing guidelines, it too is not retroactively applicable to cases on
collateral review.
Nonetheless, Anderson contends we should consider his Blakely (now
Booker) claim because he raised an Apprendi claim in a supplemental brief on
direct appeal. In effect, he does not argue that we should apply Blakely (now
Booker) retroactively on collateral review, but, rather, that we should treat the
Apprendi claim he raised in supplemental briefing on direct appeal as a Blakely
(now Booker) claim ab initio. However, as we explained in Price, “after
Apprendi but before Blakely, a court would not have felt compelled to conclude
Blakely's rule was constitutionally required.” 400 F.3d at 848 (alteration added).
In other words, an Apprendi claim does not preserve a Blakely (now Booker)
claim.
As to Anderson’s contention that the district court erred in concluding he
failed to set forth even a colorable Brady violation, we agree with the district
court that Anderson’s claim fails. To establish a Brady violation, a defendant
must establish that: (1) the prosecution suppressed evidence; (2) the evidence was
favorable to the accused; and (3) the evidence was material. United States v.
McElhiney, 275 F.3d 928, 932 (10th Cir. 2001). After lengthy review of his
claims, we agree with the district court’s reasoning and conclude Anderson has
failed to establish a Brady violation.
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Based on the foregoing, there can be no debate as to the district court’s
resolution of Anderson’s claims. Accordingly, we DENY Anderson’s request for
COA and DISMISS the appeal.
Entered by the Court:
Terrence L. O’Brien
United States Circuit Judge
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