Case: 10-30447 Document: 00511371693 Page: 1 Date Filed: 02/03/2011
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
FILED
February 3, 2011
No. 10-30447
Lyle W. Cayce
Clerk
TRADE-WINDS ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION, INCORPORATED,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
STEWART DEVELOPMENT, LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY; STIRLING
PROPERTIES, INCORPORATED; TRAVELERS INDEMNITY COMPANY OF
CONNECTICUT,
Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Louisiana
USDC No. 2:06-CV-3299
Before GARWOOD, ELROD, and SOUTHWICK, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Plaintiff-Appellant Trade-Winds Environmental Restoration, Inc. appeals
the district court’s grant of partial summary judgment in favor of Defendants-
Appellees Stewart Development, LLC, Stirling Properties, Inc., and Travelers
Indemnity Company of Connecticut, and the district court’s order denying Trade-
Winds’ motion for reconsideration. At issue is whether (1) Trade-Winds’ contract
with Stewart Development was null and void under Louisiana law, and (2) the
*
Pursuant to 5TH CIR . R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR .
R. 47.5.4.
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No. 10-30447
district court abused its discretion by denying Trade-Winds’ motion for
reconsideration because Trade-Winds sought relief on a new legal theory. We
AFFIRM.
I
Stewart Development owned a building in Metairie, Louisiana that was
damaged by Hurricane Katrina. Stirling was the leasing manager and agent for
the damaged building. On September 22, 2005, Stirling entered into a contract
with Trade-Winds. The contract required Trade-Winds to perform mold-
remediation work on the damaged building.
At the signing of the contract, Trade-Winds did not hold a license to
perform as a general contractor or a mold-remediation contractor in Louisiana.
Trade-Winds later applied for a mold-remediation license on September 28, 2005
and received it on February 16, 2006. Trade-Winds alleges that it completed the
work on March 11, 2006.
In June 2006, Trade-Winds filed this suit in the Eastern District of
Louisiana, alleging breach of contract against defendants-appellees, for failure
to pay approximately $1.65 million out of the $9 million total bill. Defendants
filed counterclaims, alleging, inter alia, that Trade-Winds was not licensed to
perform mold-remediation work, and therefore, the contract was null and void
under Louisiana law. The district court agreed, and in January 2008, granted
partial summary judgment, holding that “Plaintiff’s claims against Defendant
Stewart Development are, therefore, limited to damages under the theory of
unjust enrichment.”
In February 2010, after the district court granted Trade-Winds’ motion to
reopen the litigation, Trade-Winds filed a motion for summary judgment,
arguing that the Interstate Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Compact, La.
R.S. 29:721, et seq., and the Southern Regional Homeland Security and
Emergency Preparedness Management Assistant Compact, La. R.S. 29:751
(together, emergency reciprocity of licenses statutes), authorized out-of-state
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entities to perform license-required work (such as mold remediation) in
Louisiana without Louisiana licenses during a declared State of Emergency.
The district court treated the motion for summary judgment as a motion to
reconsider its prior ruling as to the legal validity of the contract. The district
court, in its April 2010 order, denied Trade-Winds’ motion, affirming its prior
ruling that the contract was null and void.
Shortly thereafter, both parties stipulated that the amount already paid
to Trade-Winds exceeded the amount Trade-Winds was entitled to under an
unjust-enrichment theory. Therefore, the district court’s decision terminated
Trade-Winds’ claims. The parties jointly moved for an order under Rule 54(b)
certifying the district court’s orders as final judgments. The district court
granted the motion, and Trade-Winds timely appealed both orders. We review
each order in turn, beginning with the January 2008 order granting partial
summary judgment for defendants-appellees.
II
This court reviews the grant of a summary judgment motion de novo,
applying the same standard that governed in the trial court. Bolton v. City of
Dallas, 472 F.3d 261, 263 (5th Cir. 2006). In deciding whether fact issues exist,
a court “must view the facts and the inferences to be drawn therefrom in the
light most favorable to the nonmoving party.” Commerce & Indus. Ins. Co. v.
Grunell Corp., 280 F.3d 566, 570 (5th Cir. 2002). Because this court’s
jurisdiction is predicated on the federal diversity statute, Louisiana substantive
law governs this dispute. Gasperini v. Ctr. for Humanities, Inc., 518 U.S. 415,
427 (1996). We review de novo the district court’s interpretation of state law and
give no deference to its determination of state law issues. See Salve Regina Coll.
v. Russell, 499 U.S. 225, 239-40 (1991).
Under Louisiana law, it is “unlawful for any person to engage in or
continue in this state in the business of contracting, or to act as a contractor as
defined in this Chapter, unless he holds an active license as a contractor under
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the provisions of this Chapter.” La. Rev. Stat. § 37:2160A(1). The Revised
Statutes also contain specific licensing requirements for individuals and entities
that perform mold remediation. See La Rev. Stat. §§ 37:2181-2192. Louisiana
courts have long recognized that a contracting agreement entered into without
the benefit of a contractor’s license is null and void. See, e.g., Hagberg v. John
Bailey Contractor, 435 So. 2d 580, 584-85 (La. App. 3 Cir. 1983); Alonzo v.
Chifici, 526 So. 2d 237, 243 (La. App. 5 Cir. 1988); see also La. Civ. Code art.
2030 (“A contract is absolutely null when it violates a rule of public order, as
when the object of the contract is illicit or immoral.”).
It is undisputed that under Louisiana law, Trade-Winds was a “contractor”
that entered into a contract to perform “mold remediation” without a state-
required license to perform general contractor or mold-remediation work. Trade-
Winds contends that its contract was not void due to the Louisiana State
Licensing Board for Contractors’ decision to relax enforcement of its licensing
requirements for a 90-day period immediately following Hurricane Katrina.1
This party, with this counsel, has already made this argument before this court.
We rejected it.2 See Trade-Winds Envtl. Restoration, Inc. v. St. Tammany Park,
1
Trade-Winds also notes that, since the district court’s January 2008 order, a
Louisiana state court has denied motions for summary judgment requesting a declaration that
a contract entered into by an out-of-state contractor during the 90-day suspension of licensing
enforcement period was null and void. See, e.g., The Happy Closing v. Chestnut Props., LLC,
No. 2006-2549, Div. “F”, Civil District Court for the Parish of Orleans, State of Louisiana.
Trade-Winds contends that these decisions, as well as the subsequent writ denials by the
appeals courts stands as persuasive state-law authority for this court to follow. Trade-Winds
made a similar argument in St. Tammany Park, and we rejected it. See Trade-Winds Envtl.
Restoration, Inc. v. St. Tammany Park, 578 F.3d 255, 261 n.4 (5th Cir. 2009) (noting that the
unreported decisions of state trial courts are not binding on this court).
2
Trade-Winds fails to note our decision in St. Tammany Park in its opening brief.
After defendants-appellees pointed out this omission, Trade-Winds attempted to distinguish
the case by arguing that in St. Tammany Park, Trade-Winds did not have a license at the time
it entered the contract nor during its performance, but that here, Trade-Winds did finally
obtain a license about a month before completion of the project. We find this unpersuasive.
Our holding in St. Tammany Park concerning the validity of the contract turned on the
question of whether the contractor had a license at the time it entered into the contract, not
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LLC, 578 F.3d 255, 260 (5th Cir. 2009). In St. Tammany Park, we expressly held
that “Louisiana’s rule of absolute nullity for a contracting agreement entered
into without benefit of a contractor’s license would typically limit [plaintiff’s]
recovery to the actual cost of materials, services and labor,” and that “the
Licensing Board’s decision to loosen its enforcement of licensing requirements
in the aftermath of the Hurricanes did not suspend the requirement that
contractors performing mold remediation in Louisiana be licensed in the state.”
Id. at 260-61 (citation omitted).
Based on the controlling precedent, we affirm the district court’s January
2008 order granting partial summary judgment to defendants-appellees.
III
We now consider the district court’s April 2010 order denying Trade-
Winds’ motion for summary judgment as to the applicability of Louisiana’s
emergency reciprocity of licenses statutes.
The district court properly treated Trade-Winds’ motion for summary
judgment as a motion for reconsideration of its January 2008 ruling holding that
the contract was null and void. This court reviews a district court’s denial of a
request for reconsideration for abuse of discretion. Calpetco 1981 v. Marshall
Exploration, Inc., 989 F.2d 1408, 1414-15 (5th Cir. 1993).
Trade-Winds’ new argument that Louisiana’s emergency reciprocity of
licenses statutes apply to the contract at issue could have been raised in its
January 8, 2008 response to defendants-appellees’ motion for partial summary
judgment. Instead, Trade-Winds belatedly raised the argument two years later.
In light of the fact that nothing precluded Trade-Winds from raising this
on whether the contractor eventually procured a license during performance. Trade-Winds
also argues that this case is different from St. Tammany Park because here, defendants-
appellees knew that Trade-Winds did not have a license. However, the Civil Code provides
that “[a]bsolute nullity may be raised as a defense even by a party who, at the time the
contract was made, knew or should have known of the defect that makes the contract null.”
La. Civ. Code art. 2033.
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argument in its January 2008 response, the district court did not abuse its
discretion by declining to address Trade-Winds’ new legal argument.3
AFFIRMED.
3
Trade-Winds's failure to cite our St. Tammany Park opinion in its opening brief, filed
several months after our opinion in that case was issued, falls well short of fulfilling counsel’s
duty of candor to the court. Counsel is reminded that practice before this court is a privilege,
not a right.
6