[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________ FILED
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-13756 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
Non-Argument Calendar AUGUST 9, 2011
________________________ JOHN LEY
CLERK
D.C. Docket No. 1:09-cr-00031-SPM-AK-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellee,
versus
OCTAVIUS LEE DURDLEY,
llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Defendant - Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Florida
________________________
(August 9, 2011)
Before BARKETT, MARCUS and BLACK, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Octavius Durdley appeals his conviction for receipt or distribution, or
attempted receipt or distribution, of child pornography, in violation of 18 U.S.C.
§ 2252A(a)(2)(A) and (b)(1), and his conviction for possession of child
pornography, in violation of § 2252A(a)(5)(B) and (b)(2). Durdley raises several
issues on appeal, which we address in turn. After review, we affirm Durdley’s
convictions.
I.
Durdley first argues the district court erred in denying his motion to
suppress.1 Specifically, Durdley argues his Fourth Amendment rights were
violated when: (1) his supervisor, a county employee, searched a thumb drive
Durdley left in a county-owned, common-use computer; (2) law enforcement’s
subsequent review of the thumb drive exceeded the scope of the supervisor’s
initial search of the thumb drive; and (3) the search warrant affidavit relating to
Durdley’s residence included false and misleading information from Bradford
County Sheriff Detective Kevin Mueller.
1
We review the district court’s denial of a motion to suppress under a mixed standard of
review, reviewing the district court’s findings of fact for clear error and the application of law de
novo. United States v. King, 509 F.3d 1338, 1341 (11th Cir. 2007). In reviewing a motion to
suppress, “all facts are construed in the light most favorable to the party prevailing in the district
court.” United States v. Ramirez, 476 F.3d 1231, 1235-36 (11th Cir. 2007). We review whether
an affidavit established probable cause de novo and findings of historical fact for clear error.
United States v. Jiminez, 224 F.3d 1243, 1248 (11th Cir. 2000).
2
When alleging an unconstitutional search, the party challenging the search
“must establish both a subjective and an objective expectation of privacy. The
subjective component requires that a person exhibit an actual expectation of
privacy, while the objective component requires that the privacy expectation be
one that society is prepared to recognize as reasonable.” United States v. King,
509 F.3d 1338, 1341 (11th Cir. 2007) (citation and quotation omitted). We have
held that the threshold issue is whether the defendant had a legitimate expectation
of privacy. Id.
With regard to the validity of a search warrant affidavit, in order to establish
probable cause, a search warrant affidavit must “state facts sufficient to justify a
conclusion that evidence or contraband will probably be found at the premises to
be searched.” United States v. Martin, 297 F.3d 1308, 1314 (11th Cir. 2002)
(citation and quotation omitted). “Specifically, the affidavit should establish a
connection between the defendant and the residence to be searched and a link
between the residence and any criminal activity.” Id. With respect to the affidavit
supporting a search warrant, there is a presumption of validity. Franks v.
Delaware, 438 U.S. 154, 171 (1978). The Fourth Amendment is violated if,
however, the warrant is obtained by using a false statement made intentionally or
recklessly. Id. at 155-56. “In the event that . . . the allegation of perjury or
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reckless disregard is established by the defendant by a preponderance of the
evidence, and, with the affidavit’s false material set to one side, the affidavit’s
remaining content is insufficient to establish probable cause, the search warrant
must be voided and the fruits of the search excluded to the same extent as if
probable cause was lacking on the face of the affidavit.” Id. at 156.
We conclude Durdley did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in
the thumb drive he left in a county-owned, common-use computer. See King, 509
F.3d at 1341 (holding a defendant did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy
in the contents of his laptop, which contained child pornography, when he
connected the laptop to his military base’s computer network). Furthermore, the
search warrant affidavit supported a finding of probable cause to search Durdley’s
residence, even if the statements regarding Detective Mueller’s training and
experience are redacted. Therefore, we conclude the district court did not err
when it denied Durdley’s motion to suppress.
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II.
Next, Durdley argues the evidence at trial was insufficient to support a
conviction because the Government failed to prove the child pornography had
affected interstate or foreign commerce.2
Under § 2252A(a)(2)(A), it is unlawful for any person to knowingly receive
or distribute “any child pornography that has been mailed, or using any means or
facility of interstate or foreign commerce shipped or transported in or affecting
interstate or foreign commerce by any means, including by computer.” 18 U.S.C.
§ 2252A(a)(2)(A). Under § 2252A(a)(5)(B), it is unlawful when a person:
knowingly possesses, or knowingly accesses with intent to view, any
book, magazine, periodical, film, videotape, computer disk, or any
other material that contains an image of child pornography that has
been mailed, or shipped or transported using any means or facility of
interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting interstate or foreign
commerce by any means, including by computer, or that was
produced using materials that have been mailed, or shipped or
transported in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce by any
means, including by computer.
Id. § 2252A(a)(5)(B).
2
We review “de novo whether sufficient evidence supports a conviction, resolving all
reasonable inferences in favor of the verdict.” United States v. Farley, 607 F.3d 1294, 1333 (11th
Cir.), cert. denied, 562 U.S. -- (2010). When considering a sufficiency challenge, we “must
determine whether the evidence, construed in the light most favorable to the government, would
permit the trier of fact to find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. (quotation
omitted).
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We conclude that the evidence at trial was sufficient to support Durdley’s
convictions for receipt or distribution, or attempted receipt or distribution, of child
pornography, and for possession of child pornography. See United States v.
Maxwell, 466 F.3d 1210, 1211-12, 1219 (11th Cir. 2006) (upholding a conviction
that was based upon the government satisfying the jurisdictional element by
showing that the equipment used to store the child pornography was involved in
interstate commerce).
Upon review of the entire record on appeal, and after consideration of the
parties’ appellate briefs, we affirm.
AFFIRMED.
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