UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
LATHAL PONDER,
Plaintiff,
v. Civil Action 10-425 (BJR)
CHASE HOME FINANCE, LLC,
Defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Plaintiff Lathal Ponder, proceeding pro se,1 brings this action against defendant Chase
Home Finance, LLC (“Chase”), presenting various claims arising from a failed effort to modify
Ponder’s mortgage, which Chase held, and the resulting foreclosure. Specifically, Ponder alleges
that Chase breached two separate agreements to modify the mortgage, made material
misrepresentations related to those agreements, negligently failed to prepare and deliver
documents to him, and violated federal guidelines for foreclosure on homes financed through the
Federal Housing Authority (“FHA”). Before the Court is Chase’s motion to dismiss, in which it
alleges that Ponder’s claims are barred by the doctrines of res judicata and collateral estoppel,
and further that they fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted [Dkt. #2]. Upon
consideration of the motion, the opposition thereto, and the record of this case, the Court
concludes that the motion must be granted in part and denied in part.
1
Although he is proceeding pro se, Ponder appears to be an attorney. See Ponder
v. Chase Home Finance, 666 F. Supp. 2d 45, 46 n.1 (D.D.C. 2009).
I. BACKGROUND
In December of 2000, Ponder obtained an FHA-insured loan from a lender (who is not a
party to this action) in order to purchase a parcel of property in the District of Columbia. That
lender subsequently sold Ponder’s loan to Chase. Compl. ¶¶ 6–7. In May of 2008, Chase
asserted that Ponder had defaulted on the loan and threatened to commence foreclosure
proceedings. Ponder alleges that in July of that year, the parties reached an agreement to modify
the loan. Id. ¶¶ 9–12. He asserts that as part of that agreement, Chase agreed to cease
foreclosure proceedings on the property. Id. ¶ 13. Ponder waited for Chase to send him a copy
of the modification documents, but did not receive one until at least two weeks later, when he
discovered an envelope from Chase, largely destroyed by rain, under his doormat, and largely
indecipherable. Ponder contacted Chase to request another copy. Accordingly to Ponder, Chase
replied that it would send another copy, but Ponder never received one. Id. ¶¶ 15–19.
In August, Ponder received a letter from Chase asserting that he had failed to comply with
the modification agreement. He contacted Chase and again explained that he had not received an
intact copy of the agreement. Ponder avers that Chase then offered, and he accepted, the
opportunity to reapply for the modification. Id. ¶¶ 20–22. Following further delays during which
Ponder did not hear from Chase, he contacted Chase again and was told to supply more
paperwork, and that the modification had been approved. He provided the requested documents
in October. Later that month, he discovered that the foreclosure proceedings against his property
were still ongoing. Id. ¶¶ 24–26.
The following July, Ponder filed suit against Chase in the District of Columbia Superior
Court, alleging breach of contract, misrepresentation, and negligence. That suit was removed to
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this Court by Chase and assigned to Judge Rosemary M. Collyer. See Ponder v. Chase Home
Finance, No. 09-01351 (July 21, 2009) (notice of removal, dkt. no. 1). Chase moved to dismiss
that action for failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). Judge
Collyer granted Chase’s motion, dismissing all of Ponder’s claims without prejudice. See
Ponder v. Chase Home Finance, 666 F. Supp. 2d 45, 50 (D.D.C. 2009). Ponder subsequently
brought this action, seeking damages, a revision of his credit report, and clear title to the
property.
II. LEGAL STANDARD
To survive a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), a complaint need not contain
detailed factual allegations, but it must recite facts sufficient to at least “raise a right to relief
above the speculative level . . . on the assumption that all the allegations in the complaint are true
(even if doubtful in fact).” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). A “pleading
that offers ‘labels and conclusions’ or ‘a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action
will not do.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555).
In deciding a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, the Court may consider only the facts alleged in the
complaint, documents attached as exhibits or incorporated by reference in the complaint, and
matters about which the Court may take judicial notice. EEOC v. St. Francis Xavier Parochial
Sch., 117 F.3d 621, 624 (D.C. Cir. 1997).
III. ANALYSIS
Chase again seeks the dismissal of Ponder’s complaint for failure to state a claim under
Rule 12(b)(6), this time on two grounds. First, it argues that, because of Judge Collyer’s
dismissal of Ponder’s previous case, all of his claims are barred by the doctrines res judicata and
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collateral estoppel. Second, it argues that, even if Ponder’s claims are not barred, they do not
meet the pleading standards on which Rule 12(b)(6) is based. The Court addresses each
argument in turn and, because the case is before the Court on diversity grounds, applies District
of Columbia law. See Ponder, 666 F. Supp. 2d at 48 n.2 (applying D.C. law to Ponder’s prior
claims regarding the same events).
A. Ponder’s Claims Are Not Barred by Res Judicata or Collateral Estoppel2
“Under the doctrine of claim preclusion or res judicata, when a valid final judgment has
been entered on the merits, the parties . . . are barred, in a subsequent proceeding, from
relitigating the same claim or any claim that might have been raised in the first proceeding.”
Wash. Med. Ctr., Inc. v. Holle, 573 A.2d 1269, 1280–81 (D.C. 1990). Similarly, collateral
estoppel, also known as issue preclusion,
renders conclusive in the same or a subsequent action determination of an issue of
fact or law when (1) the issue is actually litigated and (2) determined by a valid, final
judgment on the merits; (3) after a full and fair opportunity for litigation by the
parties or their privies; (4) under circumstances where the determination was
essential to the judgment, and not merely dictum.
Id. at 1283. Here, Chase asserts that all of Ponder’s claims are barred by these doctrines because
Ponder previously filed — and Judge Collyer dismissed — an action against Chase based on the
same events and involving many of the same claims. Def.’s Mem. in Supp. of Mot. to Dismiss
(“Def.’s Mem.”) at 4–9; see Ponder, 666 F. Supp. 2d at 50. Ponder retorts that neither doctrine is
applicable because the dismissal was without prejudice, meaning that no final judgment on the
merits occurred. Pl.’s Opp’n to Def.’s Mot. (“Pl.’s Opp’n”) at 5 (emphasis added). Chase
2
Res judicata is “properly brought in a pre-answer Rule 12(b)(6) motion when all
relevant facts are shown by the court’s own records . . . .” Camp v. Kollen, 567 F. Supp. 2d 170,
172 (D.D.C. 2008).
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acknowledges that Judge Collyer expressly dismissed Ponder’s first suit without prejudice, but
asserts that she “indeed expressed [her] decision on the merits in a seven-page memorandum.”
Def.’s Reply to Pl.’s Opp’n (“Def.’s Reply”) at 2 n.2. It also points to the court’s statement in its
Order that it constituted a final appealable order. Ponder’s argument is correct.
A dismissal for failure to state a claim under Rule 12(b)(6), as occurred here, normally
constitutes a ruling on the merits with preclusive effect. Haase v. Sessions, 835 F.2d 902, 906
(D.C. Cir. 1987). It is, however, “beyond dispute that a dismissal without prejudice does not
determine the merits.” Interdonato v. Interdonato, 521 A.2d 1124, 1131 n.11 (D.C. 1987);
accord Thoubboron v. Ford Motor Co., 809 A.2d 1204, 1210 (D.C. 2002); McAlister v. Potter,
2012 WL 540080, at *3 (D.D.C. Feb. 21, 2012) (“Because the claim was dismissed without
prejudice, there was no ‘final judgment on the merits,’ and res judicata does not apply.”);
Ciralsky v. C.I.A., 355 F.3d 661, (D.C. Cir. 2004) (“[C]ourts often regard the dismissal without
prejudice of a complaint as ‘not final, and thus not appealable under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, because
the plaintiff is free to amend his pleading and continue the litigation.’”) (quoting Hoskins v.
Poelstra, 320 F.3d 761, 763 (7th Cir.2003) and citing WMX Tech., Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133,
1136 (9th Cir. 1997) and 19 JAMES W. MOORE , MOORE ’S FEDERAL PRACTICE § 201.14 (3d ed.
2003)). There is no language in Judge Collyer’s Memorandum Opinion, which itself uses the
phrase “without prejudice” as to each individual claim it addresses, that suggests that she
intended to depart from this settled use of the term. See Ponder, 666 F. Supp. 2d at 48–50. In
addition, the order at issue states explicitly that “Defendant’s motion to dismiss is GRANTED;
and it is FURTHER ORDERED that this case is DISMISSED without prejudice.” Order of Oct.
28, 2009, Civil Action No. 09-1351 (emphasis in original). Thus, the Court concludes that Judge
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Collyer did not reach a final judgment as to the merits of Ponder’s claims.3 As a result, neither
claim nor issue preclusion applies here. Accordingly, the Court will consider the merits of
Ponder’s claims.
B. The Merits of Ponder’s Claims
The Court now considers whether Ponder’s complaint states one or more claims upon
which relief may be granted. The Court addresses each count of the complaint in order.
1. Count I: Breach of Contract
To state a breach of contract claim, a “plaintiff must allege the following elements: ‘(1) a
valid contract between the parties; (2) an obligation or duty arising out of the contract; (3) a
breach of that duty; and (4) damages caused by the breach.’” Mesumbe v. Howard Univ., 706
F. Supp. 2d 86, 94 (D.D.C. 2010) (quoting Tsintolas Realty Co. v. Mendez, 984 A.2d 181, 187
(D.C. 2009)). The essential elements of a valid contract are competent parties, lawful subject
matter, legal consideration, mutuality of assent, and mutuality of obligation. Henke v. U.S. Dep’t
of Commerce, 83 F.3d 1445, 1450 (D.C. Cir. 1996).
Judge Collyer dismissed Ponder’s original breach of contract claim on the ground that he
had failed to allege facts sufficient to establish that the parties had entered into a binding
agreement. She rejected Ponder’s argument that the parties had entered into an implied-in-fact
contract, concluding that at most, “the parties orally agreed to be bound by a final agreement to
3
To the extent that Judge Collyer’s opinion “makes findings or otherwise expresses
an opinion as to the merits of the case . . . doubt stemming from this inconsistency is resolved in
favor of the view that the words ‘without prejudice’ show that ultimately the court did not
determine the merits of the controversy . . . .” 149 A.L.R. 553, § II.d.5. As well, the Order also
states that it is “final and appealable” is of no moment. Ciralsky v. C.I.A., 355 F.3d 661, 666
(D.C. Cir. 2004) (finding that most courts that have held that the dismissal of an action —
whether with or without prejudice — is final and appealable.).
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be drawn up and signed later,” which does not create a binding agreement under District law.
Ponder, 666 F. Supp. 2d at 48 (citing Overseas Partners, Inc. v. PROGEN Musavirlik ve Yonetim
Hizmetleri, Ltd. Sikerti, 15 F. Supp. 2d 47, 53 (D.D.C. 1998)).
Here, Ponder eschews the implied-in-fact argument and takes a different tack. He asserts
that he and Chase entered into an express oral agreement to modify his mortgage, with the
documents that Chase was supposed to send him merely recording the agreed-upon terms. See
Compl. ¶¶ 9–13, 21–25; Pl.’s Opp’n at 6–7. In support of this argument, he cites a line of D.C.
cases that hold that “‘parties may make an enforceable contract binding them to prepare and
execute a subsequent documentary agreement,’ as long as ‘agreement [has] been expressed on all
essential terms that are to be incorporated in the document.’” 1836 S Street Tenants Ass’n, Inc.
v. Estate of B. Battle, 965 A.2d 832, 839 (D.C. 2009) (quoting D.C. Area Cmty. Council, Inc. v.
Jackson, 385 A.2d 185, 187 (D.C. 1978)).
The Court concludes that, viewed in light of this argument and with its added factual
allegations, Ponder’s complaint now states a claim for breach of contract. This claim, with all
reasonable inferences drawn in Ponder’s favor, see Stewart v. Nat’l Educ. Ass’n, 471 F.3d 169,
173 (D.C. Cir. 2006), goes as follows: upon discovering that he was in default, Ponder contacted
Chase and “entered into negotiations to cure the alleged default.” Compl. ¶ 9. After further
communications between the parties, which included Ponder providing Chase with certain
financial information, they reached an oral agreement to modify the existing loan contract,
whereby Chase would cease foreclosure proceedings and accept payments on a certain schedule
in exchange for Ponder making those payments and providing certain documentation. This
agreement was to be recorded in a written document that Chase would provide. Ponder took the
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initial steps to perform his end of the bargain. See id. ¶¶ 9–14. This same process was
essentially repeated when the document failed to arrive in his mail. Id. ¶¶ 21–24. Further,
Ponder adds relevant allegations not presented in his former complaint and attaches to his
opposition brief two correspondences from Chase: the first explaining “the requirements of
[Ponder’s] Repayment Plan,” the second a “letter of agreement,” that lays out the terms and
conditions of the repayment plan, and bears the signatures of Ponder, his wife, and a Chase
representative. Id. at 13–14.4 These documents support his argument that a July 2008 contract
existed with certain terms.
Moreover, Ponder’s claim identifies the parties and material terms of the putative
contracts, and alleges facts pertaining to both Ponder’s performance and Chase’s breach. In
Nattah v. Bush, 605 F.3d 1052 (D.C. Cir. 2010), the D.C. Circuit concluded that the plaintiff had
sufficiently plead a breach of contract claim where his complaint had described the terms of the
alleged contract and the nature of the defendants’ breach, despite some confusion in the
complaint about when the contract had been formed and the plaintiff’s inability to identify the
agents of the defendants who had entered into the contract. See id. at 1057–58. Although
4
Chase argues tha, in resolving this Rule 12(b)(6) motion, the Court is precluded
from considering these attachments. Chase contends that any materials that are not described in,
attached to, or incorporated by reference in the complaint, and that the two documents meet none
of the these exceptions. Def.’s Reply at 3 n.3 (citing EEOC v. St. Francis Xavier Parochial Sch.,
117 F.3d 621, 624 (D.C. Cir. 1997). The Court disagrees. The attached correspondences are
referenced in the complaint. In relevant part, Ponder alleges the follow facts: “In early July,
2008, the Plaintiff and the Defendant agreed on a modification of the loan. Plaintiff agreed to the
terms and faxed a copy of the agreed payment instrument requested by the Defendant, and
pursuant to the lenders instructions. As a result of the Defendant’s receipt of the documents, the
Defendant agreed that it would cease all foreclosure proceedings and forward the final
agreement.” (emphasis added). Such reference to the attached materials is sufficient. Therefore,
the Court considers them duly incorporated into the complaint.
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Ponder’s complaint is less detailed than the complaint in Nattah, the Court finds that this case
more closely resembles Nattah than it does other post-Twombly and -Iqbal cases where breach of
contract claims have been dismissed for failure to state a claim. Compare id., and Compl. ¶¶
9–14, 21–25, with Edmond v. Am. Educ. Servs., 2010 WL 4269129, at *2 (D.D.C. Oct. 28, 2010)
(collecting cases); cf. Akers v. Beal Bank, 668 F. Supp. 2d 197, 200 (D.D.C. 2009) (denying a
Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss a similarly vague pro se breach of contract complaint). After
consideration of these cases, and bearing in mind the Supreme Court’s admonition that “a
complaint attacked by a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss does not need detailed factual
allegations,” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, the Court concludes that Chase’s motion must be denied
as to Count I. See also Aktieselskabet AF 21. November 2001 v. Fame Jeans Inc., 525 F.3d 8, 16
(D.C. Cir. 2008) (“‘[S]pecific facts are not necessary,’ and a complaint need only give the
defendant fair notice of the claims.” (quoting Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93 (2007) (per
curiam))).
2. Count II: Negligent Misrepresentation5
Ponder claims that “[i]n both July, 2008 and October, 2008, the Defendant knowingly and
falsely represented that it agreed to the terms of the modification of the loan between the Plaintiff
and the Defendant. It further agreed that it would cease all foreclosure proceedings.” Compl. ¶
36. The defendants deny such allegations and contend that he has failed to state a claim. The
5
Although Judge Collyer construed the count to present a claim of fraud, see
Ponder, 666 F. Supp. 2d at 49. the Court, in consideration of additional facts included in
Ponder’s current complaint and the plaintiff’s ongoing use of the “misrepresentation” title in the
new complaint, construes it as a claim of negligent misrepresentation.
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Court concludes that Ponder’s claims meet the pleading requirements at this stage of the
litigation and should not be dismissed.
In the District of Columbia, a plaintiff alleging negligent misrepresentation must establish
that (1) the defendant negligently communicated false information, (2) the defendant intended or
should have recognized that the plaintiff would likely be imperiled by action taken in reliance
upon his misrepresentation, and that (3) the plaintiff reasonably relied upon the false information
to his detriment. Hall v. Ford Enter, Ltd., 445 A.2d 610, 612 (D.C. 1982); accord Howard
University v. Watkins, 2012 WL 1454487, at *6 (D.D.C. Apr. 27, 2012).
Ponder pleads the following facts in support of his misrepresentation claim: In August,
2008, “the Plaintiff telephoned the Defendant and notified them that he had not received the
agreement pursuant to the Defendant’s representations and the Defendant asked the Plaintiff if it
wanted to reapply for the modification.” Compl. ¶ 20. Ponder responded in the affirmative and
“asked if there was sufficient time to allow the modification to go through. The agent responded
that there was sufficient time and that another agent would be calling shortly.” Id. ¶ 21.
However, according to Ponder, ‘the agent did not call” and Ponder later telephoned Chase “to
inquire as to what was going on and Plaintiff was told to send them pay stubs and a copy of a
check for $5,000.00.” Id. ¶ 24. In addition, Chase’s agent allegedly “indicated that the
modification was approved and all foreclosure proceedings would cease.” Id. Ponder complied
with the agreement and “in October, 2008, the Plaintiff forwarded the requested documents and
copy of the check.” Id. ¶ 25. However, “it was not until late October, 2008, that the Plaintiff
learned that he had been deceived by Defendant’s agents and Defendant had proceeded with the
foreclosure even though it had misrepresented to the Plaintiff that the foreclosure would cease.”
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Id. ¶ 26. The Court finds that such facts, construed in favor of the plaintiff, fulfill the first two
elements of negligent misrepresentation. Chase misrepresented material facts related to the
status of the modification’s approval and of the foreclosure proceeding. In addition, it should
have known that Ponder would rely on the agent’s communication about these matters.
The Court further finds that the alleged facts suggest Ponder, on the facts plead,
reasonably relied on the Chase’s alleged representations. Ponder avers that “[t]he representations
made by the Defendant were material and was [sic] made to mislead the Plaintiff,” and that he
“detrimentally relied on th[ose] representations.” Id. ¶¶ 38–39.6 Specifically, he states that “[a]s
a result of the Defendants [sic] representations and in reliance of the representations of the
6
To the extent plaintiffs does seek to advance a claim for fraud, such a claim must
be dismissed for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Judge Collyer
dismissed Ponder’s original misrepresentation claim, construing it as a claim for fraud, on the
ground that it failed to comply with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b), which imposes a
heightened pleading standard for allegations fraud or mistake. Ponder, 666 F. Supp. 2d at 49;
see United States ex rel. Joseph v. Cannon, 642 F.2d 1373, 1385 (D.C. Cir. 1981) (“[T]he
pleader must state the time, place and content of the false misrepresentations, the fact
misrepresented and what was obtained or given up as a consequence of the fraud.”). In his first
complaint, Ponder merely alleged that Chase “knowingly and falsely represented that it would
provide modification of the loan agreement for the Plaintiff to sign and that the foreclosure
would be stopped.” Ponder, No. 09-01351, ¶¶ 27 (July 30, 2009) (complaint, dkt. no. 4-1).
Ponder’s current complaint expands upon this allegation, describing his contacts with Chase in
more detail. See Compl. ¶¶ 11–14, 19, 21–22, 24, 26, 35–40. None of Ponder’s added factual
allegations, however, plead a necessary element of fraud: intent to deceive. See Drake, 993 A.2d
at 622. Ponder asserts that Chase’s alleged misrepresentation was “made to mislead,” Compl. ¶
39, but he provides no factual support for that assertion. Thus, under the standards for fraud set
forth under D.C. law, Ponder’s revised misrepresentation claim fails to state a claim for fraud.
See Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (“A pleading that offers ‘labels and conclusions’ or ‘a formulaic
recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do.’” (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555)).
In opposing Chase’s motion, Ponder asserts that he has alleged knowing falsity with sufficient
specificity to meet federal pleading standards. Pl.’s Opp’n at 8. He refers, however, to the now-
defunct rule that a pleading should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it is beyond
doubt that the plaintiff can prove “no set of facts” in support of her claim that would entitle her to
relief. See id.; Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (noting that “Twombly retired the Conley [v. Gibson, 355
U.S. 41(1957),] no-set-of-facts test”).
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Defendant, the Plaintiff ceased all other remedies available to him under the District of Columbia
code.” Compl. ¶ 14. These alleged facts are entirely plausible. Accordingly, the Court
concludes that Ponder has plead sufficient facts to state a claim for negligent misrepresentation
of material facts related to the status of his loan modification and the related foreclosure
proceedings.
3. Count III: Violation of Federal Home Foreclosure Guidelines
Next, Ponder presents a new claim: he asserts that, “[a]s the mortgagee for a FHA
financed home, [Chase] was required to follow pre-foreclosure guidelines established by the
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development,” as codified at 24 C.F.R. § 203,
which required Chase to provide “proper notice to the Plaintiff in a timely manner” and
“alternative means to foreclosure.” Compl. ¶¶ 42–43. Chase responds that Ponder does not
explain which portion of 24 C.F.R. § 203 — which has over 100 subsections — Chase allegedly
violated, or how it did so. Def.’s Mem. at 9–10. In opposing Chase’s motion, Ponder provides
no more specificity, asserting only that he “believes the complaint is clear concerning this claim,”
and, in the alternative, seeking permission to amend his complaint. Pl.’s Opp’n at 9–10.
As presented in the complaint, this claim must fail. Count III does not provide enough
information to “raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555. It
does not identify the specific guidelines that Chase allegedly violated, or explain when or how it
did so. Simply put, it presents an “unadorned, the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation.”
Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. Accordingly, it fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.
4. Count IV: Negligence
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Ponder asserts that Chase was negligent in failing to “insure accurate delivery of the
contract document.” Compl. ¶ 49. A plaintiff pressing a claim of negligence must establish: “(1)
a duty, owed by the defendant to the plaintiff, to exercise reasonable care, (2) a breach of this
duty, and (3) an injury to the plaintiff proximately caused by the defendant’s breach.” Wilson v.
Good Humor Corp., 757 F.2d 1293, 1297 n.3 (D.C. Cir. 1985). Under D.C. law, all contracts
contain an implied duty of good faith and fair dealing. Allworth v. Howard Univ., 890 A.2d 194,
201 (D.C. 2006). This duty requires that “neither party shall do anything which will have the
effect of destroying or injuring the right of the other party to receive the fruits of the contract.”
Murray v. Wells Fargo Home Mortg., 953 A.2d 308, 321 (D.C. 2008) (citing id.). As well, a
party is also liable for breach of this duty if she “evades the spirit of the contract, willfully
renders imperfect performance, or interferes with performance by the other party.” Id.
Ponder’s revised negligence claim asserts that Chase had a duty to ensure both proper
preparation and delivery of the documents, Compl. ¶¶ 46, 48. Defendants argue that, because no
fiduciary duty runs from Chase to Ponder, such allegations do not state a claim upon which this
Court can grant relief. The Court disagrees. As Judge Collyer explained, the debtor-creditor
relationship between the parties did not give rise to a fiduciary duty. See Ponder, 666 F. Supp.
2d at 49–50. However, Ponder is correct that Chase’s failure to deliver the document, in
accordance with its stated commitment to do so, constitutes a breach of the contractual duty of
good faith and fair dealing. Such a failure, combined with its assurance to the contrary, denied
Ponder the fruits of the contract and evaded its spirit — i.e. to enable modification of the loan
and thereby prevent foreclosure. Construing all facts in Ponder’s favor, therefore, the Court
concludes that Ponder has stated a negligence claim upon which relief may be granted.
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IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Chase’s motion to dismiss with prejudice [#2] must be granted
in part and denied in part. Accordingly, it is this 23rd of May 2012 hereby
ORDERED that Chase’s motion to dismiss is GRANTED as to count III; and it is
further
ORDERED that Chase’s motion to dismiss is DENIED as to counts I, II, IV.
__________________________________________________________________
BARBARA J. ROTHSTEIN
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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