Langley v. Chertoff

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

JUNE LANGLEY,

Plaintiff,
Civil Action No. 08-1580 (CKK)
v.

JANET NAPOLITANO,

Defendant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION
(January 6, 2010)

Plaintiff, June Langley, filed the above-captioned lawsuit against her former employer,

Defendant Janet Napolitano, Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (the

“Secretary”).1 Plaintiff, a former Management Analyst with the Department of Homeland

Security (the “Department”), alleges that she was knowingly and intentionally subjected to

disparate treatment and a hostile work environment based on race and color and unlawfully

retaliated against based on protected activity in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of

1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.

Currently pending before the Court is the Secretary’s partial Motion to Dismiss or in the

Alternative for Summary Judgment, which focuses solely on Plaintiff’s hostile work environment

and reprisal claims.2 The Secretary makes two principal arguments. First, the Secretary contends

that Plaintiff’s hostile work environment and reprisal claims should be dismissed under Fed. R.

1
Secretary Napolitano is automatically substituted for Michael Chertoff, pursuant to Fed.
R. Civ. P. 25(d).
2
Plaintiff’s disparate treatment claim is not at issue in the pending motion.
Civ. P. 12(b)(6), or in the alternative, that judgment as a matter of law should be awarded to the

Secretary under Fed. R. Civ. P. 56, because Plaintiff failed to administratively exhaust her

remedies with respect to these claims. Second, the Secretary argues in the alternative that

Plaintiff’s reprisal and hostile work environment claims fail on their merits because (a) the

conduct alleged is neither severe or pervasive, as is required to support a hostile work

environment claim, and (b) Plaintiff has not established the required causal elements necessary to

make out a reprisal claim. In response, Plaintiff acknowledges that she did not administratively

exhaust her remedies with respect to her reprisal claim and therefore voluntarily withdraws that

claim. Plaintiff, however, opposes the Secretary’s motion with respect to her hostile work

environment claim. Accordingly, as Plaintiff has voluntarily withdrawn her claim of reprisal,

thereby rendering the Secretary’s motion moot as to that issue, the only claim remaining in

dispute is Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim.

The Secretary has styled her now-pending motion as a partial Motion to Dismiss or in the

Alternative for Summary Judgment. As an initial matter, to the extent she moves for dismissal

pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), the motion is more appropriately construed as a motion for

judgment on the pleadings under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c) because the Secretary has already filed an

Answer to Plaintiff’s Complaint, see Ans., Docket No. [9], and her motion to dismiss under Fed.

R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) is therefore untimely. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b) (“A motion asserting any of

these defenses must be made before pleading if a responsive pleading is allowed.”); see also

Douglass v. District of Columbia, 605 F. Supp. 2d 156, 161 (D.D.C. 2009). Nonetheless, as the

standards for review are the same under either Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b) or 12(c), courts routinely

treat motions to dismiss that are filed after a responsive pleading has been made as a motion for

2
judgment on the pleadings. Douglass, 605 F. Supp. 2d at 161.

More importantly, however, the Court finds that the Secretary’s motion should in fact be

construed as a motion for summary judgment rather than a motion for judgment on the pleadings

(or a motion to dismiss). In filing her motion, the Secretary attached various exhibits to her filing

that both parties have relied upon in their briefing.3 While some of the attached exhibits

(specifically, Plaintiff’s administrative complaint and amendment thereto) are referred to in the

civil Complaint, others are not incorporated in or referenced by the Complaint and are therefore

arguably outside the scope of the pleadings in this matter. Moreover, as the Secretary filed the

motion as a motion for summary judgment in the alternative, both parties have submitted

statements of material fact pursuant to LCvR 7(h) and Plaintiff has therefore had a reasonable

opportunity to respond to the attached materials. The Court, in an abundance of caution, thus

construes the Secretary’s motion as a motion for summary judgment pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P.

56. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(d) (“If, on a motion under Rule 12(b)(6) or 12(c), matters outside the

pleadings are presented to and not excluded by the court, the motion must be treated as one for

summary judgment under Rule 56. All parties must be given a reasonable opportunity to present

all the material that is pertinent to the motion.”); see also Marshall Co. Health Care Auth. v.

Shalala, 998 F.2d 1221, 1226 n. 6 (D.C. Cir. 1993) (advising that it is “probably the better

practice for a district court always to convert to summary judgment so as to avoid . . .

question[s]” as to whether attached exhibits were properly considering in ruling upon a motion to

3
The exhibits attached to the motion include Plaintiff’s administrative complaint, a letter
from Plaintiff amending her administrative complaint, agency correspondence regarding the
investigation into Plaintiff’s administrative complaint, Plaintiff’s affidavit provided as part of the
investigation below, and a transcript of Plaintiff’s interview with the agency investigator. See
Def.’s MSJ, Exs. A-G.

3
dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6)). Upon thorough consideration of the parties’ submissions, the

attachments thereto, the applicable case law, statutory authority, and the entire record of the case

as a whole, the Court shall DENY the Secretary’s [11] partial Motion for Summary Judgment.

Specifically, the Secretary’s motion is DENIED AS MOOT with respect to Plaintiff’s reprisal

claim, as Plaintiff has voluntarily withdrawn that claim, and is DENIED with respect to

Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim, as Plaintiff has exhausted her administrative

remedies and the Secretary has not shown that the claim must fail on the merits, for the reasons

that follow.

I. BACKGROUND

As indicated above, the Secretary, in setting forth the relevant background in her motion

for summary judgment, has relied upon and cited to various exhibits drawn from the agency

investigation into Plaintiff’s Equal Employment Opportunity (“EEO”) complaint. In so doing,

the Secretary has in essence assumed the truth of Plaintiff’s allegations — as set forth both in the

administrative investigation below as well as in the civil Complaint — arguing that Plaintiff’s

hostile work environment claim fails even if Plaintiff’s factual allegations are accepted as true.

The Secretary has not submitted any contradictory evidence, but has instead referred only to

Plaintiff’s own unrebutted factual allegations. Accordingly, in summarizing the factual

background relevant to the pending motion for summary judgment, the Court shall do the same.

A. Factual Background

Plaintiff, an African American female, has worked for the Federal government for

approximately 34 years, most recently as a GS-12 Management Analyst with the Facilities

Management Branch, Resource Management Division of the Immigration and Customs

4
Enforcement within the Department from December 2004 through April 2006. Complaint,

Docket No. [1], ¶¶ 3, 5; see also Def.’s MSJ, Docket No. [11], Ex. F (Plaintiff’s EEO Affidavit)

(hereinafter, “EEO Affidavit”), at p. 1.4 While working as a Management Analyst with the

Department, Plaintiff’s immediate supervisor was Judith Duval, a Caucasian female. Compl., ¶

5. In September of 2005, Plaintiff requested approval for advanced sick leave. Compl. ¶¶ 6-7;

see also Def.’s MSJ, Ex. A (Plaintiff’s EEO Complaint) (hereinafter, “EEO Complaint”), at p. 3.

Although Duval, as Plaintiff’s immediate supervisor, had always been responsible for approving

Plaintiff’s requests for leave, Duval refused to approve the request in this instance and instead

forwarded the request to her own immediate supervisor, Gary Crevonis, a Caucasian male. See

Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 8; see also EEO Compl. at p. 3; EEO Aff. at p. 2. Plaintiff did not agree with

Duval’s decision to forward her request for leave to Crevonis because he was new to the office

and did not know Plaintiff. Compl. ¶ 6; EEO Aff. at p. 2. When Plaintiff asked Duval to explain

to Crevonis the particular circumstances regarding Plaintiff’s request for leave — specifically

that Plaintiff had a negative sick leave balance because she had previously taken significant time

off to care for her sick father and husband — Duval refused. Compl. ¶¶ 6, 7; EEO Compl. at p.

3; EEO Aff. at p. 2. Crevonis ultimately denied Plaintiff’s request for advanced sick leave

4
As a preliminary matter, the Court notes that it strictly adheres to the text of Local Civil
Rule 7(h), which requires that “[e]ach motion for summary judgment shall be accompanied by a
statement of material facts as to which the moving party contends there is no genuine issue,” and
that “[a]n opposition to such a motion shall be accompanied by a separate concise statement of
genuine issues setting forth all material facts as to which it is contended there exists a genuine
issue necessary to be litigated.” Although both parties filed the required statements, both
statements are sparse and largely unhelpful to the Court in setting forth the required background.
Accordingly, in most instances, the Court cites directly to the attached exhibits rather than to the
Defendant’s Statement of Material Facts (“Def.’ Stmt.”) or Plaintiff’s Response to Defendant’s
Stmt. (“Pl.’s Resp. Stmt.”).

5
because Plaintiff was in the negative sick leave category and had a large annual leave balance; he

advised Plaintiff that she was required to use annual leave or take leave without pay. Def.’s

Stmt. ¶ 9.

Plaintiff thereafter approached Duval to express her concerns regarding the decision to

forward her request for leave to Crevonis. Duval became upset and told Plaintiff that she had

asked Crevonis to transfer Plaintiff because Duval did not want to work with her. Compl. ¶ 8;

EEO Compl. at p. 4. Duval also yelled at Plaintiff, told her that she did not care if Plaintiff filed

a grievance, and attempted to slam the door in Plaintiff’s face. Compl. ¶ 8; EEO Compl. at p. 4.

When Plaintiff attempted to apologize to Duval the next week, Duval told Plaintiff that her

behavior was inexcusable and that she was going to “file the fullest measure of retaliatory action

against [Plaintiff].” EEO Compl. at p. 5. Duval also made false claims about what occurred,

falsely accusing Plaintiff of “putting her hand on her hip and pointing at Duval, and being loud

and abusive.” Compl. ¶ 9. Plaintiff attempted to address this incident with management,

including Crevonis, but no one responded. Compl. ¶ 9; EEO Aff. at p. 3. Ultimately, as a result

of this incident, on September 13, 2005, Duval proposed Plaintiff be suspended for five days.

See Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 11; see also Compl. ¶ 10; EEO Compl. at p. 5.

Shortly thereafter, on September 15, 2005, Plaintiff became ill at work and had to seek

immediate medical attention. Compl. ¶ 11. Plaintiff’s doctor advised her that her blood pressure

was at a dangerously high level and that she could not return to work given her medical

condition. Id.; EEO Compl. at p. 7. Plaintiff provided her doctor’s statement to Duval. Compl.

¶ 11; EEO Compl. at p. 7. Plaintiff did not return to work after September 15, 2005, and used

240 hours of annual leave before being placed on leave without pay. Compl. ¶ 11.

6
 On April 14, 2006, after being on leave for approximately seven months, Crevonis issued

a letter to Plaintiff that: (1) terminated her leave without pay status effective April 16, 2006; (2)

suspended her from pay and duty status for five calendar days effective April 17, 2006 (based on

the previous proposed five-day suspension); and (3) directed her to report to work on April 24,

2006, after the conclusion of the five-day suspension, indicating that if she failed to do so, she

would be considered absent without leave (“AWOL”) and additional action may be taken,

including removal from Federal service. Compl. ¶ 12; Def.’s MSJ, Ex. B (Plaintiff’s

Amendment to her EEO Complaint) (hereinafter, “EEO Amendment”). Plaintiff was still under

her doctor’s care at that time and had not been released to return to work. Compl. ¶ 12; EEO

Amend. Despite Plaintiff’s repeated efforts to contact Crevonis by email, fax, and telephone to

inform him that she had not yet been released by her doctor and to find out what type of medical

documentation was needed, he refused to communicate with Plaintiff. Compl. ¶ 12; EEO

Amend.; EEO Aff. at pp. 7-8. As a consequence, Plaintiff “was forced to resign.” EEO Aff. at p.

7; see also Compl. ¶ 13. As Plaintiff explains, she “felt that the only thing that [she] could do

was resign . . . because if [Crevonis] totally ignored [her] doctor and [] put [her] on AWOL, then

[she] assume[d] he would start action to fire [her].” EEO Aff. at p. 8.

According to Plaintiff, she was subjected to such treatment because she is African

American. EEO Compl. at p. 6. In particular, Plaintiff asserts that other employees, and in

particular, Caucasian employees, were absent from work for extended periods of time without

having action taken against them by management. EEO Aff. at p. 9. In addition, Plaintiff

contends that other employees did not have their doctor’s advice ignored. Id. Plaintiff also

asserts that during the relevant period of time, Duval provided preferential treatment to a

7
Caucasian co-worker, while treating Plaintiff and other African American employees in a hostile

manner. Compl. ¶ 15; see also EEO Compl. at pp. 5-6.

B. Procedural Background

Plaintiff initially contacted an EEO counselor on September 14, 2005, and filed a formal

complaint on February 1, 2006, which was subsequently amended on May 10, 2006. See Compl.

¶ 14; see also EEO Compl. at pp. 1, 2; EEO Amend. By letter dated April 14, 2006, the EEO

accepted for investigation Plaintiff’s allegations that she was discriminated against because of

race and color based on management’s decision on or around September 7, 2005 to deny her

request for advanced sick leave. Def.’s Stmt. ¶ 15. The EEO subsequently amended the

accepted issues to include discrimination because of race and color based on Plaintiff’s

allegations that: she had been issued a five-day suspension effective April 17, 2006; she was

refused permission to continue on leave without pay, such that she would be charged with

AWOL if she failed to return to work on April 24, 2006; and she had been forced to resign from

her position on April 26, 2006. Id. ¶ 16.

As more than 180 days passed without final action by the Department, Plaintiff filed the

above-captioned civil action on September 15, 2008. See Compl. Although Plaintiff’s

Complaint purports to contain only one count for an unspecified “Violation of Title VII of the

Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e-2(a),” see Compl. ¶¶ 16-19, the parties all

agree that Plaintiff has in fact asserted three distinct claims in this civil action: namely, claims for

disparate treatment and a hostile work environment based upon race and color as well as a claim

for reprisal based on protected EEO activity. See Def.’s. MSJ at 1; Pl.’s Opp’n at 1; see also

Compl. ¶ 19 (alleging that “Defendant knowingly and intentionally subjected Ms. Langley to

8
disparate treatment, and a hostile work environment, and engaged in unlawful discrimination

based on race and color, and reprisal”). Each of these claims in turn appears to be based upon the

same factual allegations outlined above. Specifically, as set forth in Plaintiff’s Complaint, she

asserts that the following same events support each of her claims for disparate treatment, hostile

work environment and reprisal:

(1) on September 7, 2005, the Agency denied her request for advanced sick leave; (2)
in September 2005, Duval proposed to suspend Ms. Langley for five days, and on
April 14, 2006, Ms. Langley was suspended for five days; (3) on April 14, 2006, Ms.
Langley was informed that she [sic] her absences would be considered discipline and
charged as absent without leave, and if she failed to return to work on April 24, 2006,
she could be terminated; and (4) the Agency constructively discharged Ms. Langley
on April 26, 2006.

Compl. ¶ 19.

The Secretary subsequently filed the now-pending Motion to Dismiss or in the

Alternative for Summary Judgment. See Def.’s MSJ, Docket No. [11]. Plaintiff filed a timely

Opposition, see Pl.’s Opp’n, Docket No. [14], and the Secretary has since filed a Reply, see

Def.’s Reply, Docket No. [15]. The parties’ briefing is now complete, and the Secretary’s

motion for partial summary judgment is therefore ripe for review and resolution by the Court.

II. LEGAL STANDARD

The Court construes the Secretary’s motion as a motion for summary judgment. Pursuant

to Fed. R. Civ. P. 56, a party is entitled to summary judgment “if the pleadings, the discovery and

disclosure materials on file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any

material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P.

56(c); see also Tao v. Freeh, 27 F.3d 635, 638 (D.C. Cir. 1994). Under the summary judgment

standard, the moving party bears the “initial responsibility of informing the district court of the

9
basis for [its] motion, and identifying those portions of the pleadings, depositions, answers to

interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits which [it] believe[s]

demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S.

317, 323 (1986). In response, the non-moving party must “go beyond the pleadings and by [its]

own affidavits, or depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, ‘designate’

specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Id. at 324 (internal citations

omitted). In this case, as the Secretary has assumed the truth of Plaintiff’s allegations for

purposes of the pending motion and has not introduced any contradictory or rebuttal evidence,

there are no factual disputes.

III. DISCUSSION

The Secretary advances two principal arguments as to why summary judgment is

appropriate with respect to Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim, namely, that: (1) Plaintiff

did not raise her hostile work environment claim during the administrative EEO proceedings and

therefore has failed to exhaust her administrative remedies; and (2) the alleged conduct asserted

in support of her hostile work environment claim, even if true, is neither sufficiently severe or

pervasive, and Plaintiff’s claim therefore fails on the merits as well. The Court shall address

each argument in turn.

A. Plaintiff has Exhausted her Administrative Remedies

It is well established that an individual complaining of alleged violations of Title VII

must first exhaust his or her administrative remedies before proceeding to federal district court.

See Park v. Howard Univ., 71 F.3d 904, 906-07 (D.C. Cir. 1995). Furthermore, any civil action

that follows an administrative complaint of discrimination is “limited in scope to claims that are

10
‘like or reasonably related to the allegations of the [administrative] charge and growing out of

such allegations.’” Id. (quoting Cheek v. Western & Southern Life Ins. Co., 31 F.3d 497, 500

(7th Cir. 1994)); see also Na’im v. Rice, 577 F. Supp. 2d 361, 369-70, 372 (D.D.C. 2008). In this

case, the Secretary argues that Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim must fail because

Plaintiff did not assert a hostile work environment claim in her administrative complaint nor did

Plaintiff raise any such allegations during the course of the EEO investigation. Def.’s MSJ at 5-

6. The Court does not agree.

To the contrary, it is apparent that Plaintiff did in fact sufficiently assert a hostile work

environment claim in her EEO Complaint. First, in filing her formal complaint, Plaintiff

indicated that she had been discriminated against because of race and color. EEO Compl. at p. 2.

Second, Plaintiff specifically complained of being “subjected to [] constant harassment by Ms.

Duval, which created both a hostile and stressful work environment.” Id. at p. 6; see also EEO

Aff. at p. 7 (“This became a very hostile working environment. . . .”). The D.C. Circuit has

previously held that similar language in an administrative complaint sufficiently raised a hostile

working environment claim for purposes of administrative exhaustion. See Steele v. Schafer, 535

F.3d 689, 694 (D.C. Cir. 2008) (rejecting argument that plaintiff had not asserted a hostile work

environment claim in her complaint because the “complaint alleges ‘discrimination,’ which in

principle includes a hostile work environment theory” and specifically included a request for

“reassignment ‘to a less hostile working environment’”).

Furthermore, Plaintiff complained in her EEO Complaint of the very same conduct that

she now asserts forms the basis of her hostile work environment claim in this lawsuit. See

generally EEO Complaint. In addition, Plaintiff’s EEO Complaint includes further detailed

11
allegations supporting her hostile work environment claim, including, for example, that Duval

yelled at Plaintiff and made false accusations about her behavior; that Plaintiff “was under

constant harassment from Ms. Duval;” and that Duval “constantly harass[ed] [Plaintiff] minute-

by-minute” and made “unreasonable demands, hurling accusations and informing [her] of new

stringent work schedules that she planned to impose only on [Plaintiff].” Accordingly, even if

the Court were to find, contrary to its conclusion above, that Plaintiff had not specifically

articulated a hostile work environment claim in her EEO Complaint, the Court would

nonetheless conclude on this basis that Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim is “‘like or

reasonably related to the allegations’” in her EEO Complaint. See Na’im, 577 F. Supp. 2d at 372

(“Because the plaintiff need not specifically allege a hostile work environment claim, and

because she supports her hostile work environment claim with factual allegations also contained

in her . . . formal EEO complaint, the court concludes that she has adequately exhausted

administrative remedies for the claim.”). The Secretary’s arguments to the contrary are without

merit. In particular, the Secretary’s reliance on the D.C. Circuit’s decision in Park is misplaced,

as the allegations in the EEO charge and the civil complaint in that case differed significantly

from the allegations in the case at hand. Park, 71 F.3d at 907-08 (finding plaintiff had not

administratively exhausted hostile work environment claim where the plaintiff’s charge before

the EEO did not include any reference to a “hostile work environment” and lacked “any factual

allegations supporting such a claim”); cf. Perry v. Clinton, __ F. Supp. 2d __, Civ. Act. No. 08-

1216, 2009 WL 4799290, *6 (D.D.C. Dec. 10, 2009) (observing that the “[c]ases in which claims

have been deemed unrelated involve a much greater distinction between the allegations in the

EEO complaint and those raised in federal court”) (compiling cases). The Secretary’s motion for

12
partial summary judgment is therefore DENIED to the extent she contends that Plaintiff failed to

administratively exhaust her hostile work environment claim.

B. The Secretary Has Not Shown that Plaintiff’s Hostile Work Environment Claim
Fails on the Merits

The Secretary also asserts that summary judgment is appropriate with respect to

Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim because the conduct alleged, even if true, is neither

sufficiently severe or pervasive. “To establish hostile work environment claims under Title VII, .

. . plaintiffs ‘must show harassing behavior ‘sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the

conditions of [their] employment.’” Steele, 535 F.3d at 694 (quoting Pennsylvania State Police

v. Suders, 542 U.S. 129, 133 (2004)). In this case, the Secretary urges that “there is a complete

and utter lack of facts that could constitute a hostile work environment.” Def.’s MSJ at 7. That

is, the Secretary argues that Plaintiff’s claims, even if “taken as true,” do not “rise to the legal

requirement that the harassment be severe and pervasive.” Id.

Unfortunately for the Secretary, her argument is based upon a mischaracterization of

Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim. As outlined above and as repeated by Plaintiff in her

opposition briefing, Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim is based not only upon the events

that occurred in September of 2005 (i.e., allegations that her request for leave was denied, and

that Duval yelled at her, attempted to slam the door in her face, made false accusations about her

and ultimately proposed suspending Plaintiff for five days), but on the events that occurred in

April of 2006 as well (i.e., that her leave without pay status was terminated; that she was

suspended for five days and told to report to work or she would be considered absent without

leave; that her supervisors refused her repeated efforts to contact them to discuss her doctor’s

13
report; and that Plaintiff was constructively discharged as a result). In other words, fairly read,

Plaintiff’s Complaint asserts that the alleged September 2005 and April 2006 events form parts

of a whole and that her hostile work environment claim is based upon these cumulative incidents.

The Secretary, however, in arguing that Plaintiff’s claim for a hostile work environment

must fail, has characterized the claim as based only on the events that occurred in September of

2005 and has entirely ignored the April 2006 incidents that also form part of Plaintiff’s hostile

work environment claim. For example, in her opening memorandum, the Secretary argues that

Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim “essentially levels only one allegation that Ms. Duval

raised her voice at [Plaintiff], asked [Plaintiff] to leave her office, and allegedly attempted to

slam a door in Plaintiff’s face.” Def.’s MSJ at 7. Although the Secretary slightly expands her

characterization of Plaintiff’s claim in her reply briefing — describing the claim as “essentially

alleg[ing] that Ms. Duval yelled at her, attempted to slam a door in her face, proposed a five-day

suspension for insubordination, and that her second level supervisor did not return her calls” —

the Secretary at no point addresses the April 2006 allegations surrounding Plaintiff’s alleged

constructive discharge from work. See Def.’s Reply at 7. The Secretary’s failure to do so is fatal

to her pending motion.

“In determining whether an actionable hostile work environment claim exists, [courts]

look to ‘all the circumstances,’ including ‘the frequency of the discriminatory conduct; its

severity; whether it is physically threatening or humiliating, or a mere offensive utterance; and

whether it unreasonably interferes with an employee’s work performance.’” Nat’l R.R.

Passenger Corp. v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, 116 (2002) (emphasis added). In this case, Plaintiff

alleges a hostile work environment based on the alleged events occurring in both September

14
2005 and April 2006. Although Plaintiff was absent from work at all times after September

2005, the D.C. Circuit has rejected “a per se rule against considering incidents alleged to have

occurred while an employee was physically absent from the workplace.” Greer v. Paulson, 505

F.3d 1306, 1314 (D.C. Cir. 2007). In so holding, the D.C. Circuit reasoned that, for example,

“[w]hen an employee claims that her ‘inability to return to work result from the [employer’s] ill

treatment of her,’ . . . communications while on leave may form an essential part of a hostile

environment claim.” Id. (quoting Jensen v. Henderson, 315 F.3d 854, 861-62 (8th Cir. 2002)).

A fair reading of Plaintiff’s Complaint in this case suggests she has alleged just that — that the

events in April 2006 were a continuation of the same hostile work environment she was allegedly

subjected to in September 2005. Accordingly, in evaluating the merits of Plaintiff’s claim, the

Court must consider “all the circumstances” alleged, including those events occurring after

Plaintiff took leave from the Department in September of 2005. As the Secretary has not

addressed those allegations, focusing instead only on the portion of events that occurred before

Plaintiff’s absence from work, the Secretary has not demonstrated that she is entitled to summary

judgment with respect to Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim.

The Court emphasizes that in so holding, it expresses no view as to the merits of

Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim. The Secretary has failed to comprehensively address

Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim, and it is not for the Court to advance arguments on

behalf of the parties. Accordingly, whether Plaintiff is ultimately able to succeed on her claim is

a question for another day. It is sufficient for the present purposes to note only that the Secretary

has not demonstrated that Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim, as alleged in her

Complaint, must fail. The Secretary’s motion for partial summary judgment is therefore

15
DENIED to the extent she contends that she is entitled to judgment as a matter of law on

Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim.

IV. CONCLUSION

For the reasons set forth above, the Court DENIES the Secretary’s [11] partial Motion for

Summary Judgment. Specifically, the Secretary’s motion is DENIED AS MOOT with respect to

Plaintiff’s reprisal claim, which Plaintiff has voluntarily withdrawn, and is DENIED with respect

to Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim, as Plaintiff has exhausted her administrative

remedies and the Secretary has not shown that Plaintiff’s claim must fail on the merits. An

appropriate Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.

Date: January 6, 2010

/s/
COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY
United States District Judge

16