Filed 4/15/14 P. v. Craig CA3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
(Tehama)
----
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, C071729
v. (Super. Ct. Nos. NCR83073,
NCR83441)
PHILLIP JOHN CRAIG,
Defendant and Appellant.
Defendant Phillip John Craig pled guilty to possession of methamphetamine for
sale (Health & Saf. Code, § 11378) and admitted two prior strike convictions (Pen. Code,
§§ 1170.12, subds. (a)-(d), 667, subds. (b)-(i)).1 The trial court denied defendant’s
motions to withdraw the plea and to dismiss one of the prior strikes. It sentenced him to
serve 25 years to life in state prison.
1 Undesignated statutory references are to the Penal Code.
1
On appeal, defendant contends (1) the trial court erred in failing to conduct a
Marsden2 hearing based on his motion to withdraw the plea and (2) his sentence should
be vacated and remanded for resentencing under the Three Strikes Reform Act of 2012
(§§ 667, 1170.12, 1170.026, as approved by voters, Gen. Elec. (Nov. 6, 2012))
(Proposition 36) because Proposition 36 is retroactive. We conclude defendant did not
clearly indicate he wanted substitute counsel in his motion to withdraw his plea. Thus,
the trial court was not obligated to conduct a Marsden hearing. We also reject
defendant’s contention that Proposition 36 applies to his sentence. Based on the reasons
stated by the court in People v. Yearwood (2013) 213 Cal.App.4th 161 (Yearwood), we
conclude Proposition 36 is not retroactive and does not apply to defendant’s sentence.
Accordingly, we affirm the judgment.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On February 7, 2012, defendant was arrested on an outstanding felony warrant.
Officers searched his car and found 42.1 grams gross weight of methamphetamine, 9.6
grams net weight of methamphetamine, 22.1 grams gross weight of marijuana, 3
packages containing 174.5 grams gross weight of marijuana, 7 pill vials containing a total
of 122.3 grams gross weight of marijuana, 5 containers holding 660.8 grams gross weight
of marijuana, 14 Soma pills, 5 hydrocodone pills, 15 marijuana cigarettes, 15 syringes, a
scanner, digital scales, a two-bladed sword, and $1,102 in cash.
About one month after the trial court denied defendant’s suppression motion,
defendant asked the court for a hearing on “Removal of counsel and possibly appointed
pro per with assistance of counsel.” The trial court conducted a Marsden hearing
and denied the request.
2 People v. Marsden (1970) 2 Cal.3d 118 (Marsden).
2
Defendant later filed a motion to withdraw his guilty plea. In a declaration filed in
support of the motion, defendant alleged trial counsel had been assisting the prosecutor.
According to defendant, a police sergeant made hand signs to the prosecutor at a hearing;
defense counsel and the judge “both saw this and immediately stared at paperwork until
questioning stopped.” Defendant claimed the prosecutor did not present a case at the
hearing, but defense counsel removed defendant from the courtroom so the judge “might
save the District Attorney.” Counsel failed to call defendant or defendant’s witness, and
the officer was suddenly unavailable when defendant pointed out a case that could be
used to impeach him. Defendant also claimed trial counsel did not call “our” witness at
the suppression hearing. He further alleged the prosecutor did not present a case at the
suppression hearing, and the trial court ruled on the suppression motion before the
hearing started.
Regarding trial counsel, defendant’s declaration stated: “I’ve tried to fire him and
it was denied. I filed a complaint with the State Bar and told him as much.” Defendant
declared that when he asked counsel to ask the trial court for a continuance so “I can have
my family hire a lawyer. He’s not only refused to, he continues to ask, ‘How much
money does your family have.’ ” Defendant stated he has a family friend, “a retiring
attorney,” who investigated the case and would testify there was no arrest warrant.
According to defendant, the arrest warrant might be real, but was drawn up on June 18,
2012, “based on all the fresh ink on [defense counsel’s] nose that day.”
Defendant also submitted in pro per a “complaint” with the trial court in which he
alleged various errors regarding the arrest warrant and the testimony at the suppression
motion, his intent to file a Pitchess3 motion, and “double jeopardy” based on defendant
telling trial counsel about the perjury by the prosecution’s star witness. He also sent a
3 Pitchess v. Superior Court (1974) 11 Cal.3d 531.
3
letter to the judge alleging defense counsel ignored his requests for documents and “stuck
up for the prosecutor and sheriff’s office.” Defendant also submitted a handwritten
motion to withdraw his plea and declaration in support of the motion, alleging “trickery
and malicious[] intent” by his court-appointed counsel, collusion with the prosecutor, and
tactics to “lure the defendant into taking the plea.” Finally, defendant sent another letter
to the judge asking him to read the transcripts of the proceedings “in order to set about
immoral conduct of my court appointed” counsel. Defendant reiterated his allegations
regarding his request for a continuance for his family to retain counsel, and alleged
counsel told him he had no defense and could be sentenced to serve 100 years to life.
When he told trial counsel about evidence that the arrest warrant never existed, defense
counsel “went out of his way to falsify a document that does not exist in court records
and when he brought it to the jail the ink was fresh on his nose.”
Defendant was present at the hearing on his motion to withdraw his plea. After
stating it had read “the papers” and made extensive notes, the trial court asked defense
counsel if he wished to be heard. Counsel said, “we are prepared to submit on the motion
and my client’s attached declaration.” The prosecutor also submitted on the filings.
The trial court denied the motion.
DISCUSSION
I
Marsden Hearing
Defendant contends the trial court should have held a second Marsden hearing
based on statements made in his motion to withdraw the plea. We disagree because
defendant did not clearly indicate he wanted substitute counsel.
People v. Sanchez (2011) 53 Cal.4th 80 (Sanchez) held that “a trial court is
obligated to conduct a Marsden hearing on whether to discharge counsel for all purposes
and appoint new counsel when a criminal defendant indicates after conviction a
4
desire to withdraw his [or her] plea on the ground that his [or her] current counsel
provided ineffective assistance only when there is ‘at least some clear indication by
defendant,’ either personally or through his [or her] current counsel, that defendant
‘wants a substitute attorney.’ [Citation.]” (Id. at pp. 89-90.) In so holding, Sanchez
disapproved several cases, including cases relied upon by defendant (People v. Eastman
(2007) 146 Cal.App.4th 688; People v. Meija (2008) 159 Cal.App.4th 1081; People v.
Mendez (2008) 161 Cal.App.4th 1362), in which the appellate court had “incorrectly
implied that a Marsden motion can be triggered with something less than a clear
indication by a defendant, either personally or through current counsel, that the defendant
‘wants a substitute attorney.’ [Citation.]” (Sanchez, at p. 90, fn. 3.)
Defendant attempts to distinguish or limit Sanchez, asserting its statement
regarding what triggers the requirement to hold a Marsden hearing was merely dicta.
According to defendant, the “principal effect of Sanchez was to disapprove the practice
whereby courts routinely appointed substitute counsel for the purpose of handling a
motion to withdraw the plea, with former counsel being reappointed if substitute counsel
determined that no grounds supported such a motion, or if the court denied the motion.”
We do not read Sanchez so narrowly. Defense counsel in Sanchez told the court
the defendant wished to have counsel explore having his plea withdrawn, and after a
continuance, defense counsel told the court conflict counsel was needed. (Sanchez,
supra, 53 Cal.4th at p. 85.) The California Supreme Court affirmed the Court of
Appeal’s reversal and remand for a Marsden hearing, finding “ ‘the trial court’s duty to
conduct a Marsden hearing was triggered by defense counsel’s request for appointment
of substitute counsel to investigate the filing of a motion to withdraw [the] plea on
Sanchez’s behalf.’ ” (Id. at p. 90, fn. 3.) Contrary to defendant’s position, the
Supreme Court’s statement regarding what triggers a Marsden hearing constitutes one
of the holdings.
5
Here, defendant moved to withdraw his plea based in part upon trial counsel’s
competency. Neither defendant nor his trial counsel clearly indicated he (defendant)
wanted a substitute attorney to represent him. Defendant’s declarations and complaint
expressed a desire to withdraw his plea based on newly discovered evidence and trial
counsel’s alleged incompetence and collusion with the prosecutor. Defendant’s
declarations made statements regarding new counsel, that his attempt to “fire” counsel
was denied, and he had asked trial counsel to request a continuance so his family could
raise money to retain counsel. Defendant knew how to ask for substitute counsel, having
done so previously. Defendant also knew asking for substitute counsel would trigger a
Marsden hearing. Although defendant referenced the trial court’s denial of his previous
request for substitute counsel, he did not make a new request for substitute counsel in his
papers. At the hearing on his motion to withdraw the plea, defendant did not request new
counsel. Instead, the parties submitted on the papers.
Based on the record, we conclude defendant’s statements did not clearly indicate
he wanted substitute counsel. (See People v. Gay (1990) 221 Cal.App.3d 1065, 1070 [the
defendant moved for a new trial based on incompetence of counsel but did not ask for
new counsel; the appellate court held: “A trial judge should not be obligated to take steps
toward appointing new counsel where defendant does not even seek such relief”].) Thus,
the trial court did not err in not conducting a Marsden hearing.
II
Proposition 36
Defendant contends Proposition 36 retroactively applies to his sentence and his
sentence should therefore be vacated and remanded for resentencing under the new law.4
4 We note this issue is currently pending before the California Supreme Court.
(People v. Conley (2013) 215 Cal.App.4th 1482, review granted Aug. 14, 2013,
6
On November 6, 2012, the voters passed Proposition 36, which amended the three
strikes law. Proposition 36 limited three strikes sentences (25 years to life) to cases
where the current crime is a serious or violent felony or where the prosecution had pled
and proven a disqualifying factor. (See §§ 1170.12, subd. (c), 667, subd. (c); Yearwood,
supra, at pp. 167-168.) Here, defendant’s crime is neither a violent nor serious felony.
(§§ 1192.7, subd. (c), 667.5, subd. (c).) He was sentenced on July 16, 2012. Had
defendant been sentenced today, he would not be subject to a 25-year-to-life sentence
under the three strikes law.5
In asking us to vacate his sentence and remand the matter, defendant relies on the
rule of retroactivity set forth in In re Estrada (1965) 63 Cal.2d 740. Under the Estrada
rule, a legislative amendment that lessens criminal punishment is presumed to apply to all
cases not yet final (the Legislature deeming its former penalty too severe), unless there is
a “saving clause” providing for prospective application. (Id. at pp. 742, 745, 748.)
In Yearwood, the Fifth Appellate District concluded section 1170.126 is the
equivalent of a “saving[s] clause” that defeats the presumption of retroactivity in Estrada
for persons like defendant whose appeals were pending when Proposition 36 became
effective. (Yearwood, at pp. 172, 176.) Like in Yearwood, we conclude Estrada does not
apply and defendant’s only recourse is to petition for a recall of sentence in the trial court
pursuant to section 1170.126; he is not entitled to a remand for resentencing under the
amendments to sections 667 and 1170.12. (Yearwood, at pp. 171-172, 176.)
No. S211275; People v. Lewis (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 468, review granted Aug. 14,
2013, No. S211494.)
5 Although defendant was committed to the custody of the Department of Mental
Health, his three strikes sentence is still relevant, as he may be committed to a mental
hospital for no more than the maximum term of confinement for his offense (§ 1026.5,
subd. (a)(1)), and defendant must serve the remainder of his sentence in prison if he
establishes his sanity before the end of his term (§ 1026.2, subd. (m)).
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DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
HOCH , J.
We concur:
BUTZ , Acting P. J.
MURRAY , J.
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