12-2597-cr
United States v. Burris
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
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FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN
CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE
EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION
ASUMMARY ORDER@). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON
ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at
the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New
York, on the 9th day of May, two thousand fourteen.
PRESENT: ROBERT D. SACK,
REENA RAGGI,
DENNY CHIN,
Circuit Judges.
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Appellee,
v. No. 12-2597-cr
SAMUEL BURRIS, AKA JACKIE,
Defendant-Appellant.
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FOR APPELLANT: Daniel M. Perez, Esq., Newton, New Jersey.
FOR APPELLEE: Susan Corkery, Douglas M. Pravda, Assistant
United States Attorneys, for Loretta E. Lynch,
United States Attorney for the Eastern District of
New York, Brooklyn, New York.
Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District
of New York (Dora L. Irizarry, Judge).
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UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,
AND DECREED that the judgment entered on June 18, 2012, is AFFIRMED.
Defendant Samuel Burris stands convicted following a guilty plea to wire and mail
fraud conspiracy, see 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341, 1343, 1349, crimes for which he is now serving a
57-month prison sentence. Burris contends that the sentence, at the low end of his
57-to-71 months Guidelines range, was procedurally and substantively unreasonable. We
review Burris’s sentence for ―reasonableness,‖ ―a particularly deferential form of
abuse-of-discretion review‖ that we apply both to the procedures used to arrive at the
sentence and to the substantive length of the sentence. United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d
180, 188 n.5 (2d Cir. 2008) (en banc); accord United States v. Broxmeyer, 699 F.3d 265,
278 (2d Cir. 2012). In so doing, we assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying
facts and the record of prior proceedings, which we reference only as necessary to explain
our decision to affirm.
1. Procedural Error
Burris charges the district court with procedural error in failing to consider the
disparity between his sentence and that of his co-defendants, as well as other fraud
sentences nationwide. Because Burris failed to raise this objection below, we review only
for plain error, which we do not identify here.
At sentencing, the district court expressly stated that, among other factors, it
considered the need to ―avoid unwarranted sentencing disparities among similarly situated
defendants around the country,‖ Sentencing Tr. 23, J.A. 167, and determined that, contrary
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to the statistics cited by Burris of below-Guidelines sentences imposed nationwide and
within this Circuit for similar crimes, the Guidelines range was appropriate given the
nature of the fraud, the harm caused, and Burris’s leadership role. This belies Burris’s
claim of a failure to consider nationwide disparity as required by 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(6).
Meanwhile, Burris’s contention that the district court procedurally erred in failing to
consider the disparity between his and his co-defendants’ sentences fails on the merits
because § 3553(a)(6) does not require consideration of such disparities. See United States
v. Frias, 521 F.3d 229, 236 (2d Cir. 2008) (―We have held that section 3553(a)(6) requires
a district court to consider nationwide sentence disparities, but does not require a district
court to consider disparities between co-defendants.‖). Even ―assuming arguendo that 18
U.S.C. § 3553(a)(6) can support a reduced sentence designed to eliminate or diminish
disparity between the sentences imposed on co-defendants, those co-defendants would
have to be similarly situated.‖ United States v. Fernandez, 443 F.3d 19, 31–32 (2d Cir.
2006) (footnote omitted). Burris has not shown that he was similarly situated to
co-defendants who played supporting or minor roles in the charged fraud scheme. For
example, nine co-defendants were Federal Express drivers with limited knowledge of the
scheme, minor roles, and limited responsibility for total losses. While co-defendants
Davis and Stewart, like Burris, held leadership positions in the scheme, they were not
similarly situated in that they pleaded guilty at an earlier juncture, receiving three-level
Guideline reductions for acceptance of responsibility and an additional one-level reduction
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for a global plea disposition. By contrast, Burris received only a two-level reduction for
acceptance of responsibility.
Burris also faults the district court’s finding that he engaged in aggravated identity
theft. But he fails to demonstrate clear error. See United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d at
190 (noting that district court commits procedural error when it ―rests its sentence on a
clearly erroneous finding of fact‖). The district court’s challenged finding was based on
Burris’s use of stolen personal information ―to gain access to various customer accounts, to
order new lines of service, order equipment, and to otherwise carry out the fraud,‖
Sentencing Tr. 24, J.A. 168, facts sufficient to constitute aggravated identity theft. See 18
U.S.C. § 1028A (defining aggravated identity theft); see also U.S.S.G. § 1B1.4
(authorizing district court to take relevant uncharged conduct into account in fashioning an
appropriate sentence).
Accordingly, we identify no procedural error rendering Burris’s sentence
unreasonable.
2. Substantive Reasonableness
In arguing substantive unreasonableness, Burris bears ―a heavy burden‖ because
our review of such a claim is ―particularly deferential.‖ United States v. Broxmeyer, 699
F.3d at 288–89. Indeed, we will set aside a sentence on substantive grounds ―only in
exceptional cases where the trial court’s decision cannot be located within the range of
permissible decisions.‖ United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d at 189 (internal quotation
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marks omitted); see United States v. Jones, 531 F.3d 163, 178 (2d Cir. 2008) (stating that
―in the overwhelming majority of cases, a Guidelines sentence will fall comfortably within
the broad range of sentences that would be reasonable in the particular circumstances‖
(internal quotation marks omitted)). That is not this case.
Insofar as Burris recasts his disparities argument to urge substantive
unreasonableness, we have already observed that he fails to demonstrate that he is similarly
situated to his comparators. In any event, such disparity is one factor, not the
determinative factor, to be considered in identifying an appropriate sentence under
§ 3553(a). See United States v. Fernandez, 443 F.3d at 32 (―[T]he requirement that a
sentencing judge consider an 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factor is not synonymous with a
requirement that the factor be given determinative or dispositive weight in the particular
case, inasmuch as it is only one of several factors that must be weighted and balanced by
the sentencing judge.‖ (emphasis in original)).
At sentencing, the district court acknowledged the positive personal history and
characteristics that Burris argues warranted more mitigating weight than that afforded in
calculating his sentence. The district court balanced these factors against the scope and
duration of the fraud, Burris’s leadership role, the harm caused by the fraud—to direct
victims, the public at large, and Burris’s own family—and ultimately concluded that a
sentence at the lower end of the Guidelines, below that recommended by the Probation
Department, was warranted to serve the objectives of § 3553(a). Although Burris argues
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that the district court placed undue emphasis on the harm caused by the aggravated identity
theft portion of the fraudulent scheme, we generally defer to such assessments of weight.
See id. at 32. Here, the district court found that identity theft ―was a very real and a very
integral part of the fraud here.‖ Sentencing Tr. 24, J.A. 168. Given the centrality of
identity theft to the success of the fraud, we cannot say that the district court abused its
discretion in concluding that ensuing harm outweighed positive personal characteristics
that Burris contends warranted a below-Guidelines sentence or any resulting sentencing
disparity. Thus, the totality of the circumstances affords no basis for deeming the
57-month sentence substantively unreasonable.
We have considered Burris’s remaining arguments on appeal and we conclude that
they are without merit. Accordingly, the judgment of conviction is AFFIRMED.
FOR THE COURT:
CATHERINE O=HAGAN WOLFE, Clerk of Court
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