IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 13-0335
Filed June 11, 2014
ROBERT JORDAN,
Applicant-Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF IOWA,
Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Mary Pat Gunderson,
Judge.
Robert Jordan appeals the district court’s denial of his application for
postconviction relief. AFFIRMED.
Christine E. Branstad of Branstad Law, P.L.L.C., Des Moines, for
appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Tyler J. Buller, Assistant Attorney
General, John P. Sarcone, County Attorney, and Michael Hunter and Jaki
Livingston, Assistant County Attorneys, for appellee State.
Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Doyle and Mullins, JJ.
2
DOYLE, J.
In 2004, following a jury trial, Robert Jordan was convicted of two counts
of first-degree murder. In its ruling on direct appeal, this court set forth the
following facts surrounding the murders:
On February 26, 2001, Glenda Chiles entered Jeff Johnson’s
house in Des Moines and discovered the bodies of Johnson and
her boyfriend, Steven Jenkins. Both men had been shot twice with
a shotgun. Johnson had been shot in the lower back and then in
the head. Jenkins had been shot in the shoulder and the back of
the head. Both bodies showed signs of decomposition. Four red
shotgun shell casings were discovered near the bodies. All four
shells had been fired from a twelve-gauge Mossberg shotgun.
Jenkins had last spoken with Chiles on February 23 when he
borrowed her car with the understanding he would return it later
that evening.
Following a lengthy investigation, the State jointly charged
Robert Jordan Jr. and Richard Christiansen with two counts of first-
degree murder on October 7, 2004. Jordan pled not guilty to each
charge and moved to sever his trial from Christiansen’s trial.
Jordan and Christiansen were tried separately. A jury found Jordan
guilty of two counts of first-degree murder.1 Jordan filed a motion
for new trial, which the district court denied. Later, the court
sentenced Jordan to two concurrent terms of life imprisonment.
Jordan now appeals.
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State,
the jury could have found the following facts from the evidence
presented at Jordan’s trial. Emily and Mark Tongue were residing
in Rockford, Illinois, in 2001. At some point in the year 2000, Emily
purchased a shotgun for Mark. Her husband removed the standard
stock and installed a pistol grip to make the shotgun shorter. The
Tongues stored the shotgun and red shotgun shells in a closet in a
bedroom in their home in Rockford. They last saw the shotgun
around Christmastime in 2000.
The Tongues were friends with Robert Jordan Jr. and
Richard Christiansen. In early February 2001, Mark Tongue left
Illinois and traveled to Las Vegas to serve a jail sentence for driving
under the influence. Christiansen arrived at the Tongues’
residence for a visit on approximately February 14. He was driving
a stolen white Chevy Lumina. Jordan arrived at the Tongues’
residence on or about February 16. Jordan and Christiansen were
together in the Tongues’ residence at times when Emily was not
present. Jordan and Christiansen left the Tongues’ home on
February 18. Emily assumed the men returned to Des Moines.
3
In February 2001 Glenda Chiles lived with Steven Jenkins.
Jenkins and Jeff Johnson were friends and fellow drug users.
Johnson lived on Summit Street in Des Moines. At about 8:00 p.m.
on Friday, February 23, Jenkins went out in a car belonging to
Chiles. When Jenkins did not return home or call his girlfriend that
evening, Chiles left a message on his answering machine. Jenkins
never responded to the message.
On an undetermined night in January or February 2001,
Richard Christiansen went to the Des Moines residence of his
friend Mark Hardin, a drug dealer. Because Hardin was not home,
Hardin’s girlfriend, Connie Wilcox, directed Christiansen to the
basement to see James Marts, who was living in Hardin’s home.
According to Marts, Christiansen was “really high, high-strung,” and
“buggy-eyed” during his visit.2 Christiansen kept pacing back and
forth and told Marts “something had gone bad.” At some point,
Christiansen made statements implicating himself in a multiple
murder. Although Marts could not recall whether he heard these
statements from Christiansen or from Hardin the next morning,
Marts said Christiansen told him something went wrong, and “I had
to kill them,” or “we had to kill them.” Christiansen also said he was
“going to have to kill Connie [Wilcox] because Connie knows.”
Later, Hardin returned to his residence and joined Marts and
Christiansen. At some point, Marts left and drove Connie to her
home. When Marts returned to Hardin's home the next morning,
Hardin looked scared. Marts later made a statement to a Des
Moines police officer that Christiansen had said something to the
effect that it or something had gone bad, and either “I” or “we” had
to kill them.
After Mark Tongue finished serving his jail sentence in Las
Vegas, he returned to Des Moines on a bus. He arrived in Des
Moines shortly after midnight on February 26, 2001. Erika
Christiansen, Richard Christiansen’s wife, picked Tongue up at the
bus station and dropped him off at a Motel 6 in Des Moines where
Jordan and Christiansen were staying. Later that day, Jordan was
treated for a toothache by a Des Moines dentist.
Several days later, Jordan, Christiansen, and Mark Tongue
drove from Des Moines to the Tongues’ Rockford residence in the
stolen Chevy Lumina. The trio arrived on March 1. By this time,
Christiansen was in possession of a nine millimeter Taurus semi-
automatic pistol.
On March 2, 2001, Jordan and Christiansen robbed a bank
in Machesney Park, a city located near Rockford. Jordan used a
pistol gripped shotgun during the armed robbery. Mark Tongue
saw a televised news report about the bank robbery and realized
Jordan and Christiansen fit the description of the armed robbers.
On March 3 Tongue asked the men to leave his home, and
he rented a room for them at the Clocktower Inn in Rockford. Early
4
in the morning on March 4, the police arrested Jordan and
Christiansen at the Clocktower Inn. In their motel room, the police
discovered a Mossberg shotgun, a Taurus pistol, and shotgun
ammunition.
During an interview with the police the morning of his arrest,
Jordan told officers the shotgun used in the bank robbery belonged
to him, and he stated he had possessed it “for quite a while.”
Jordan also admitted he had fired the shotgun before, and he said
he thought the shotgun shells in the shotgun were loaded with
number four buckshot. The police asked Jordan if he was “mentally
. . . prepared to use that shotgun if need be,” and Jordan answered,
“it would depend upon the circumstances.”
Jordan told the police he had known Christiansen for six or
seven years, and he referred to Christiansen several times as his
“partner.” Jordan admitted he and Christiansen had stolen the
white Chevy Lumina. Jordan also admitted he had appeared in the
surveillance videotape of the bank robbery. He stated he was the
“cover man” during the bank robbery and carried the shotgun. He
said Christiansen was the “money man.”
Eventually, the Des Moines murder investigation led police
to the evidence recovered from Jordan’s motel room in Rockford.3
The shotgun used in the Illinois bank robbery and discovered in the
motel room at the time of Jordan’s arrest was tested by the Iowa
DCI Laboratory. A criminalist was able to determine the four shells
recovered from the scene of the double homicide in Des Moines in
February 2001 had been fired from the twelve gauge shotgun
originally owned by the Tongues and seized by police at the time
Christiansen and Jordan were arrested for bank robbery. Some of
the live shotgun shells found in the motel room in Rockford were
identical to the shotgun shells that had been used in the murders in
Des Moines eight days earlier.4 Based on this and other
information, Jordan and Christiansen were arrested for the murders
of Jenkins and Johnson.
1
A jury convicted Christiansen of two counts of first-degree murder in a
separate trial. This court affirmed his convictions on appeal. [See State
v. Christiansen, No. 05-0990, 2006 WL 3313854, at *2-6 (Iowa Ct. App.
Nov. 16, 2006)].
2
Marts could not recall the date or the day of the week that Christiansen
came to visit.
3
In early 2002 a Des Moines police officer went to Illinois to interview
Mark and Emily Tongue. Based on information gleaned from these
interviews, he contacted Illinois authorities to retrieve the shotgun used in
the Machesney Park robbery.
4
The shotgun shells found in Jordan and Christiansen’s motel room and
at the murder scene were made by the same manufacturer, were the
same gauge and length, bore the same markings, and contained the
same number four steel shot.
State v. Jordan, No. 05-0481, 2007 WL 3376840, at *1-3 (Iowa Ct. App. Nov. 15,
2007).
Jordan filed an application for postconviction relief. Among other claims,
Jordan contended his trial counsel was ineffective in failing to “fully investigate
potentially exculpatory evidence”—specifically, statements made by
Christiansen’s wife Erika regarding her belief that Christensen may have
possessed the murder weapon several weeks before the murders. 1 According to
Jordan, Erika’s statements called into question the State’s theory that
Christensen and Jordan acquired the weapon together and “always acted
together.” Following a hearing, the district court entered an order denying
Jordan’s claims.
On appeal, Jordan challenges the district court’s ruling on his
postconviction application, raising claims of ineffective assistance relating to the
investigation and presentation of evidence regarding Erika’s statements about
the presence of the murder weapon at the Christensen’s house at some time
before the murders. We review his claims de novo. Ennenga v. State, 812
N.W.2d 696, 701 (Iowa 2012). To prevail, Jordan must show (1) counsel failed to
perform an essential duty and (2) prejudice resulted. See id.
Specifically, Jordan claims his trial counsel was ineffective in failing to
adequately investigate Erika’s statements and present the jury with evidence to
support Jordan’s defense, i.e., that Christensen possessed the murder weapon
at some time before the murders and that Christensen acted alone in the
1
As set forth above, Jordan had also raised the issue of Erika’s statements regarding
the murder weapon in a motion for new trial following his underlying criminal trial.
6
murders.2 He claims the evidence against him was circumstantial and evidence
that Christensen possessed the gun and had previously shot the weapon at the
gun range could have given the jury reason to believe Christensen also acted
alone during the murders.
Because we find the prejudice prong dispositive of Jordan’s claim, we
begin and end our analysis there. See Everett v. State, 789 N.W.2d 151, 159
(Iowa 2010) (noting that we need not engage in both prongs of the ineffective-
assistance analysis if one is lacking). To show prejudice, Jordan must show a
reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of
the proceeding would have been different. See Ennenga, 812 N.W.2d at 701. A
reasonable probability is one “sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.”
See Everett, 789 N.W.2d at 158.
Here, we cannot conclude the evidence at issue would have enabled trial
counsel to prepare a more adequate defense or that the fact the evidence was
not introduced affected the result of the trial. It was the State’s theory that
Jordan and Christensen were both involved in the murders, and indeed, that they
were “partners” in completing the murders. During Jordan’s trial, 3 the State
presented the jury with evidence from numerous witnesses, as well as
statements by Jordan himself, which implicated Jordan’s participation and
supported his conviction. The fact that Christensen may have possessed the
murder weapon “at some time” prior to the murders had no bearing on Jordan’s
2
Public Defender John Wellman was appointed as Jordan’s counsel. Wellman died in
August 2006.
3
Christensen was charged and convicted in a separate trial for his participation in the
murders.
7
participation in the murders. In other words, even assuming the substance of
Erika’s statements had been offered and admitted at trial, the jury would still be
free to believe or disbelieve the testimony of witnesses, and to give that
testimony as much weight as it determined the testimony should receive. See
State v. Hunt, 801 N.W.2d 366, 377 (Iowa Ct. App. 2011). Jordan has not shown
a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of
the proceeding would have been any different.4
Jordan also contends his postconviction counsel was ineffective in failing
to present sufficient evidence regarding Erika’s statements and how the
admission of such evidence would have affected the outcome of his trial.
Because we have rejected his underlying claim on its merits, we conclude Jordan
cannot establish his claim of ineffective assistance of postconviction counsel.
See State v. Fountain, 786 N.W.2d 260, 263 (Iowa 2010) (“Counsel has no duty
to raise an issue that has no merit.”); Anfinson v. State, 758 N.W.2d 496, 499
4
Although the issue here is one of ineffective assistance of counsel, we find it helpful to
distinguish these circumstances from those analyzed in Flores v. State, No. 10-0020,
2011 WL 1376777, at *3-5 (Iowa Ct. App. Apr. 13, 2011). Here, it is apparent from the
record of Jordan’s motion for new trial proceedings that trial counsel Wellman was aware
of the gist of Erika’s statements regarding the gun, including that he knew “the Tongues
had brought a shotgun to Rick Christensen at some time before the murders,” and that
Erika knew Christensen kept it under the bed. But see Flores, 2011 WL 1376777, at *4-
5 (“Clearly evidence that [a third party separate and distinct from Flores and not Flores]
killed Davis is favorable to Flores’s defense. Its nondisclosure could have affected [trial
counsel’s] trial preparation and the result of the trial.” (citation omitted)); see generally
State v. Simmons, 714 N.W.2d 264, 276 (Iowa 2006) (stating that to prove a breach of
duty, a postconviction applicant must establish counsel did not act as a “reasonably
competent practitioner” would have acted). Wellman proceeded to investigate the origin
of the weapon, including questioning the Tongues “and they, of course, denied it.” But
see Flores, 2011 WL 1376777, at *5 (“[W]e agree with the district court that it is unlikely
[trial counsel] would not have acted on that evidence if he had it.”); see generally State v.
Brubaker, 805 N.W.2d 164, 171 (Iowa 2011) (noting we presume counsel performed
competently and we avoid second-guessing and hindsight).
8
(Iowa 2008) (stating a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel fails if either
element is lacking).
We affirm the district court’s ruling denying Jordan’s application for
postconviction relief.
AFFIRMED.