State v. Parson

[Cite as State v. Parson, 2013-Ohio-1069.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
MONTGOMERY COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO :
: Appellate Case No. 25123
Plaintiff-Appellee :
: Trial Court Case No. 2011-CR-2827
v. :
:
TYREE S. PARSON : (Criminal Appeal from
: (Common Pleas Court)
Defendant-Appellant :
...........

OPINION

Rendered on the 22nd day of March, 2013.

...........

MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by R. LYNN NOTHSTINE, Atty. Reg. #0061560, Montgomery
County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division, Montgomery County Courts Building, P.O.
Box 972, 301 West Third Street, Dayton, Ohio 45422
Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee

JEFFREY T. GRAMZA, Atty. Reg. #0053392, Talbott Tower, Suite 1210, 131 North Ludlow
Street, Dayton, Ohio 45402
Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

.............

HALL, J.

{¶ 1} Tyree S. Parson appeals from his conviction and sentence on charges of

murder and having a weapon while under disability.
[Cite as State v. Parson, 2013-Ohio-1069.]
{¶ 2} The appellant advances three assignments of error. The first two challenge the

legal sufficiency and manifest weight of the evidence to support his murder conviction. The

third concerns the trial court’s failure to inform him at sentencing that he could be ordered to

perform community service if he fails to pay court costs.

{¶ 3} The present appeal stems from the fatal shooting of Dequan Smith. The

shooting occurred outside of a Dayton-area apartment on the night of August 13, 2011. Just

before the shooting, Joanna Glover and Jerome Bogle were sitting in a parked car near the

apartment waiting to pick up Smith and Danny Parson, the appellant’s cousin. When Danny

Parson reached the car, he attempted to open the rear door. Smith also approached the car with

the appellant following him on foot. A short time earlier, Smith and the appellant had been

overheard arguing.

{¶ 4} Glover testified at trial that while she was talking to Bogle she heard gunfire

and felt a bullet strike the parked car. (Trial Tr. at 497). She looked up and saw the appellant

holding a chrome semi-automatic handgun by his side. (Id. at 497-499). Glover did not

actually see the appellant shoot Smith because she was not looking, but she did not see anyone

else present with a gun. (Id. at 513-514). According to Glover, Smith got into the back seat

and announced that he had been “hit.” (Id. at 502). Bogle and Glover proceeded to drive to the

hospital, but Smith died on the way. (Id. at 505).

{¶ 5} Bogle also testified at trial. He recalled sitting and talking to Glover as Danny

Parson and Smith walked up to his car. (Id. at 752, 755). According to Bogle, the appellant

then came around a corner and fired a shot that struck Smith. (Id. at 755-757, 761-762). On

cross examination, Bogle stated that he was looking at Smith and did not see a “flash” from

the gun. (Id. at 784, 787).
[Cite as State v. Parson, 2013-Ohio-1069.]
{¶ 6} The State also presented testimony from Danny Parson. He testified that he

heard a shot as he and Smith were trying to get into Bogle’s car. (Id. at 620-621). Parson

turned and saw Smith holding his side. (Id. at 622). Parson also saw the appellant walking

away from the front of Bogle’s car immediately after the shot. (Id. at 624). The appellant was

only ten to twelve feet away at the time. (Id. at 708). Parson did not see the appellant pull or

shoot a gun. (Id. at 623). Nor did he see the appellant holding a gun. (Id. at 731-732).

{¶ 7} The appellant’s former girlfriend, Sheila Elam, testified about speaking to the

appellant on the telephone after the shooting. When she asked him what had happened, the

appellant responded “that he had shot and killed somebody.” (Id. at 459). According to Elam,

the appellant told her he was “laying low.” (Id. at 459). Police apprehended the appellant in

September 2011 after receiving a tip concerning his whereabouts.

{¶ 8} Based on the evidence presented at trial, the appellant was found guilty of

felony murder (causing the death of another as a proximate result of committing felonious

assault by causing serious physical harm), felony murder (causing the death of another as a

proximate result of committing felonious assault by means of a deadly weapon), and having a

weapon while under disability. The trial court merged the felony-murder convictions for

purposes of sentencing and imposed a sentence of fifteen years to life in prison. The trial court

imposed a concurrent three-year prison sentence for having a weapon while under disability.

Finally, the trial court merged two firearm specifications and imposed a consecutive three-year

prison sentence for them. The result was an aggregate prison sentence of eighteen years to life.

{¶ 9} In his first two assignments of error, the appellant argues that his murder

conviction is based on legally insufficient evidence and is against the manifest weight of the

evidence. In support, he contends no one actually saw him shoot Smith and no one testified
 4

that he shot Smith. As a result, he reasons that the murder conviction cannot stand.

{¶ 10} When a defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence, he is arguing

that the State presented inadequate evidence on an element of the offense to sustain the verdict

as a matter of law. State v. Hawn, 138 Ohio App.3d 449, 471, 741 N.E.2d 594 (2d Dist.2000).

“An appellate court’s function when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a

criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to determine whether such

evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind of the defendant’s guilt beyond a

reasonable doubt. The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most

favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements

of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574

N.E.2d 492 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus.

{¶ 11} Our analysis is different when reviewing a manifest-weight argument. When a

conviction is challenged on appeal as being against the weight of the evidence, an appellate

court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider

witness credibility, and determine whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of

fact “clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction

must be reversed and a new trial ordered.” State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387,

1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 541. A judgment should be reversed as being against the manifest

weight of the evidence “only in the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily

against the conviction.” State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st

Dist.1983).

{¶ 12} With the foregoing standards in mind, we conclude that the appellant’s murder
 5

conviction is supported by legally sufficient evidence and is not against the weight of the

evidence. Although Glover did not see the appellant shoot Smith, she looked up immediately

after hearing the shot and saw the appellant standing nearby holding a handgun by his side.

Glover did not see anyone else present with a gun. As for Bogle, he did testify that the

appellant shot Smith. 1 Based on Bogle’s cross-examination testimony, however, it is not

explicitly clear whether he actually saw the shot or whether he inferred that the appellant was

the shooter. As set forth above, Bogle acknowledged that he was looking at Smith and did not

see any gunfire “flash” (which he presumably would have if he had been looking at the

appellant because the shooting occurred at night). Finally, Danny Parson testified that he saw

the appellant walking away from the front of Bogle’s car immediately after the shot.

{¶ 13} Although the foregoing witnesses may not have seen the appellant shoot

Smith, their testimony supports a finding that he did. Glover’s testimony is particularly

noteworthy. She heard a shot, saw the appellant (and no one else) holding a gun, and saw

Smith with a gunshot wound. Glover’s testimony constitutes strong circumstantial evidence

that the appellant shot Smith. This conclusion is supported by Danny Parson’s testimony that

he saw the appellant walking away from Bogle’s car immediately after the shot. Finally, the

appellant’s conviction is supported by Elam’s testimony about his confession “that he had shot

and killed somebody.” Smith was not identified in this conversation by name, but Elam

testified that the appellant said he shot his victim in the leg and hit a main artery. That

scenario is consistent with the coroner’s testimony about Smith’s cause of death. Having

1
In his brief, the appellant claims Bogle admitted that did not see anyone shoot Smith. The appellant cites testimony from page 761
of the trial transcript in support. (Appellant’s brief at 4). We don’t interpret that testimony so narrowly. Moreover, at page 784, Bogle said,
“He [Smith] turned around, and faced him [the defendant], and boom, there it was.” A similar statement appears on page 785.
 6

reviewed the record, we believe a rational trier of fact could have found the appellant guilty of

murder for shooting and killing Smith. The evidence does not weigh heavily against his

conviction. The first two assignments of error are overruled.

{¶ 14} In his third assignment of error, the appellant contends the trial court erred in

failing to advise him at sentencing that he could be ordered to perform community service if

he fails to pay court costs. As a result, the appellant asks us to remand the case for

resentencing, to waive court costs, or to modify the trial court’s judgment to eliminate the

possibility that he might be required to perform community service.

{¶ 15} For its part, the State concedes the trial court erred in failing to advise the

appellant about the consequences of not paying court costs. The State asserts that the

appropriate remedy is to eliminate the possibility of community service in lieu of court costs.

{¶ 16} Upon review, we agree that the trial court erred in failing to advise the

appellant, pursuant to R.C. 2947.23, that he could be required to perform community service if

he fails to pay court costs. We also agree with the State that the appropriate remedy is to

modify the trial court’s judgment by eliminating the possibility that the appellant can be

required to perform community service in lieu of court costs. We adopted the same remedy in

State v. Henderson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24701, 2012-Ohio-3283, which involved an

aggravated-murder conviction. In Henderson, we noted that the imposition of court costs was

not erroneous. Therefore, we found no basis to vacate court costs. We further reasoned that the

defendant could “receive a complete remedy by eliminating the possibility that he can ever be

required to perform community service in lieu of paying court costs; if the performance of

community service is not a possibility, then he is not prejudiced by the trial court’s having
 7

failed to inform him of that possibility.”2 Id. at ¶12.

{¶ 17} Here the State has expressed satisfaction with the remedy we adopted in

Henderson, and the appellant has proposed that remedy as an option. Therefore, based on

Henderson, we sustain the appellant’s third assignment of error. The trial court’s judgment is

modified by eliminating any possibility or requirement that the appellant perform community

service in lieu of court costs. As modified, the trial court’s judgment is affirmed. Consistent

with Henderson, the cause is remanded “for the trial court to make whatever record of the

modification of its judgment entry may be appropriate.” Id. at ¶15.

.............

FAIN, P.J. and FROELICH, J., concur.

Copies mailed to:

Mathias H. Heck
R. Lynn Nothstine
Jeffrey T. Gramza
Hon. Steven K. Dankof

2
Henderson is distinguishable from the present case insofar as the defendant there received a sentence of life in prison without
parole. That fact, however, was not the primary basis for our ruling. Our analysis presumed that the defendant someday might be released.
We noted that dispensing with the possibility of community service in lieu of paying court costs would provide him with a complete remedy
to which the State did not object. In a second case, State v. Jeffery, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24916, 2013-Ohio-504, which involved rape,
kidnapping, and an aggregate twelve-year prison term, we recently declined to modify the defendant’s sentence to remove the possibility of
community control where the trial court failed to advise about the consequences of not paying court costs. Instead, we remanded for
resentencing. In Jeffery, however, we stressed that the State did not agree to the modification. Unlike Jeffery, the State does agree to
modification in the present case. Moreover, we find the modification appropriate in light of the appellant’s potential life sentence.