State v. Dunlap

[Cite as State v. Dunlap, 2013-Ohio-5083.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
AUGLAIZE COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO,

PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 2-13-15

v.

KYLE E. DUNLAP, OPINION

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

STATE OF OHIO,

PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 2-13-16

v.

KYLE E. DUNLAP, OPINION

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

Appeals from Auglaize County Common Pleas Court
Trial Court Nos. 2011-CR-66 and 2013-CR-35

Judgment Affirmed in Case No. 2-13-16 and
Appeal Dismissed in Case No. 2-13-15

Date of Decision: November 18, 2013

APPEARANCES:

Gerald F. Siesel for Appellant

Edwin A. Pierce for Appellee
Case No. 2-13-15, 2-13-16

ROGERS, J.

{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Kyle E. Dunlap, appeals the judgments of the

Court of Common Pleas of Auglaize County sentencing him to consecutive 12-

month prison terms for his convictions on escape and violating judicial release.

On appeal, Dunlap argues that the trial court erred by imposing a 12-month term

for his escape conviction. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court’s

judgment.

{¶2} Since this matter implicates two separate prosecutions, 2011 CR 0066

and 2013 CR 0035, we address the procedural history of each on its own.

2011 CR 0066

{¶3} In 2011 CR 0066, the Auglaize County Grand Jury indicted Dunlap on

April 28, 2011 with one count of breaking and entering in violation of R.C.

2911.13(B), a felony of the fifth degree, and one count of theft in violation of R.C.

2913.02(A)(1), a felony of the fifth degree. Pursuant to a plea agreement, the

State dismissed the theft count and Dunlap pleaded guilty to the breaking and

entering count. On July 26, 2011, the trial court sentenced Dunlap to five years of

community control and was ordered to pay restitution.

{¶4} On March 27, 2011, the State moved to revoke Dunlap’s community

control. Dunlap admitted to violating the terms of his community control by using

marijuana and associating with a known drug user. The trial court subsequently

sentenced Dunlap to a 12-month prison term with 146 days of local jail time

-2-
Case No. 2-13-15, 2-13-16

credit. The trial court also re-imposed the restitution order. On July 29, 2012, the

trial court granted Dunlap’s request for judicial release and again imposed five

years of supervision.

{¶5} On February 20, 2013, the State moved to revoke Dunlap’s judicial

release. The State alleged that Dunlap violated his judicial release by using

marijuana, failing to report to his probation officer during scheduled meetings, not

making required restitution payments, and failing to notify his probation officer

about changes in his residence. Dunlap admitted to violating the conditions of his

judicial release and, on April 24, 2013, the trial court sentenced him to 12 months

of prison with 215 days of local jail time credit. The trial court also re-imposed

the order of restitution.

2013 CR 0035

{¶6} In 2013 CR 0035, the Auglaize County Grand Jury indicted Dunlap on

February 21, 2013 with one count of escape in violation of R.C. 2921.34(A)(3),

(C)(3), a felony of the fifth degree. The indictment arose as a consequence of his

violations of judicial release in 2011 CR 0066.

{¶7} On April 24, 2013, the trial court conducted a change of plea and

sentencing hearing. Pursuant to a plea agreement, Dunlap pleaded guilty to the

judicial release violation, as discussed above, as well as to the escape count.

Subsequently, the State recommended a sentence of 12 months with jail credit for

the judicial release violation and community control for the escape count.

-3-
Case No. 2-13-15, 2-13-16

{¶8} At the hearing, Dunlap offered evidence in mitigation of his sentence.

He indicated he would live in the substance-free residence of his grandmother

upon his return from prison. Dunlap also said that he had experience in

construction and would look for employment in that sector. During the hearing,

Dunlap addressed his use of marijuana:

Q: * * * Do you have an alcohol or drug problem?

A: No.

***

Q: * * * Weed is a drug. Do you have a drug problem?

A: Well, yes.

Q: So then do you need counseling to deal with that?

A: Yeah, it would help.

Tr., p. 19. When asked how he afforded marijuana, Dunlap stated that he was paid

“under the table” for his construction work. This led to the following exchange

with the trial court:

The Court: So you’re a tax cheat in addition to a felon?

Dunlap: Yes, I guess.

Id. The trial court also received a pre-sentence investigation report1 of Dunlap’s

background. It showed a significant history of criminal activity, including not

1
The parties acknowledge that the PSI was the same one that had been originally prepared for case number
2011 CR 0066.

-4-
Case No. 2-13-15, 2-13-16

only the convictions discussed above but also vandalism, possession of marijuana,

and obstruction of official business convictions and charges.

{¶9} On April 24, 2013, the trial court issued a judgment entry journalizing

Dunlap’s escape conviction and resulting sentence. Based on its consideration of

the record, including the PSI, “the principles and purposes of sentencing under

Ohio Revised Code §2929.11,” and “the seriousness and recidivism factors under

Ohio Revised Code §2929.12,” the trial court imposed a prison term of 12 months.

(2013 CR 035 Docket No. 25, p. 2). The trial court also ordered that the sentence

run consecutively to the sentence in 2011 CR 0066.

{¶10} Dunlap timely appealed these judgments, presenting the following

assignment of error for our review.

Assignment of Error

THE TRIAL COURT’S SENTENCE OF APPELLANT TO A
MAXIMUM SENTENCE OF TWELVE (12) MONTHS
CONSECUTIVE TO A REIMPOSED COMMUNITY
CONTROL2 [SIC] VIOLATION SENTENCE OF TWELVE
(12) MONTHS WAS CONTRARY TO LAW AND FURTHER

2
We note that the parties have incorrectly referred to a violation of community control; however, it is clear
that Dunlap was on judicial release. This court has previously stated that “ ‘the rules dealing with a
violation of an original sentence of community control (R.C. 2929.15) should not be confused with the
sections of the Revised Code regarding early judicial release (R.C. 2929.20) even though the language of
R.C. 2929.20(I) contains the term ‘community control’ in reference to the status of an offender when
granted early judicial release.’ ” State v. Alexander, 3d Dist. Union No. 14-07-45, 2008-Ohio-1485, ¶ 7,
quoting State v. Mann, 3d Dist. Crawford No. 3-03-42, 2004-Ohio-4703, ¶ 6. Under R.C. 2929.15, a
defendant’s original sentence is community control and he will not receive a term of incarceration unless he
violates the terms of his community control, id., citing State v. McConnell, 143 Ohio App.3d 219, 2001-
Ohio-2129 (3d Dist.), citing State v. Gardner, 3d Dist. Union No. 14-99-24, 1999-Ohio-938; whereas,
when a defendant is granted judicial release under R.C. 2929.20, he “ ‘has already served a period of
incarceration, and the remainder of that prison sentence is suspended pending either the successful
completion of a period of community control or the defendant’s violation of a community control sanction.’
” Alexander, 2008-Ohio-1485, at ¶ 7, quoting Mann, 2004-Ohio-4703, at ¶ 8, citing R.C. 2929.20(I).

-5-
Case No. 2-13-15, 2-13-16

CONSTITUTED AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION BY FAILING
TO PROPERLY CONSIDER AND APPLY THE
SENTENCING GUIDELINES SET FORTH IN OHIO
REVISED CODE, SECTION 2929.11 AND 2929.12

{¶11} In his sole assignment of error, Dunlap argues that the trial court

erred in applying the sentencing principles listed in Section 2929.11 and 2929.12

when imposing a 12-month prison term for his escape conviction. We disagree.

{¶12} Before proceeding to the merits of Dunlap’s assignment of error, we

must address the proper scope of his argument. The language of the assignment

itself seems to suggest that Dunlap is challenging not only the imposition of a 12-

month prison term for the escape conviction, but also the trial court’s imposition

of consecutive sentences. However, Dunlap’s appellate brief focuses exclusively

on the sentencing factors contained in R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12 without

discussing R.C. 2929.14(C)’s factors relating to the imposition of consecutive

sentences. Such a failure is violative of App.R. 16(A)(7), which requires an

appellant to provide “[a]n argument containing the contentions of the appellant * *

* and the reasons in support of the contentions, with citations to the * * * parts of

the record on which appellant relies.” Although App.R. 12(A)(2) gives us the

authority to disregard this deficient assignment of error, we have decided to

address its merits in the interests of justice. See State v. Galbraith, 3d Dist.

Marion No. 9-11-61, 2012-Ohio-5231, ¶ 15.

-6-
Case No. 2-13-15, 2-13-16

{¶13} A reviewing court must conduct a meaningful review of the trial

court’s imposed sentence. State v. Daughenbaugh, 3d Dist. Wyandot No. 16-07-

07, 2007-Ohio-5774, ¶ 8. Such review allows the court to “modify or vacate the

sentence and remand the matter to the trial court for re-sentencing if the court

clearly and convincingly finds that the record did not support the sentence or that

the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.” Id. Clear and convincing evidence is

that “which will produce in the mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction

as to the facts sought to be established.” Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469

(1954), paragraph three of the syllabus. An appellate court should not, however,

substitute its own judgment for that of the trial court because the trial court is

“clearly in the better position to judge the defendant’s likelihood of recidivism and

to ascertain the effect of the crimes on the victims.” State v. Watkins, 3d Dist.

Auglaize No. 2-04-08, 2004-Ohio-4809, ¶ 16.

Maximum Sentence

{¶14} R.C. Chapter 2929 governs sentencing. R.C. 2929.11 provides, in

pertinent part, that the “overriding purposes of felony sentencing are to protect the

public from future crime and to punish the offender.” R.C. 2929.11(A). In

advancing these purposes, sentencing courts are instructed to “consider the need

for incapacitating the offender, deterring the offender and others from future

crime, rehabilitating the offender, and making restitution to the victim of the

offense, the public, or both.” Id. Meanwhile, R.C. 2929.11(B) states that felony

-7-
Case No. 2-13-15, 2-13-16

sentences must be “commensurate with and not [be] demeaning to the seriousness

of the offender’s conduct and its impact upon the victim” and also be consistent

with sentences imposed in similar cases. In accordance with these principles, the

trial court must consider the factors set forth in R.C. 2929.12(B)-(E) relating to the

seriousness of the offender’s conduct and the likelihood of the offender’s

recidivism. R.C. 2929.12(A). However, the trial court is not required to make

specific findings of its consideration of the factors. State v. Kincade, 3d Dist.

Wyandot No. 16-09-20, 2010-Ohio-1497, ¶ 8.

{¶15} Here, the trial court stated that it considered the required statutory

factors before imposing the prison term for Dunlap’s escape conviction in 2013

CR 0035. Based on its consideration of these factors, the trial court found that a

12-month prison term was appropriate. After reviewing the record, we cannot find

that the trial court erred in imposing this sentence. While the record does not

disclose that Dunlap’s offense was more serious than others, it does reveal that

Dunlap is at a high risk of recidivism. Specifically, Dunlap committed the escape

offense while he was subject to judicial release, R.C. 2929.12(D)(1), he has a

history of criminal convictions, R.C. 2929.12(D)(2), he has failed to conform his

conduct to the law despite previous community control sanctions, R.C.

2929.12(D)(3), and he has failed to adequately seek treatment for his pattern of

drug use, R.C. 2929.12(D)(4). In light of this extensive evidence suggesting the

-8-
Case No. 2-13-15, 2-13-16

likelihood of Dunlap’s recidivism, we find no error in the trial court’s imposition

of a 12-month prison term for his escape conviction.

Consecutive Sentence

{¶16} The revisions to the felony sentencing statutes under H.B. 86 now

require a trial court to make specific findings on the record, as set forth in R.C.

2929.14(C)(4), when imposing consecutive sentences. State v. Hites, 3d Dist. No.

6-11-07, 2012-Ohio-1892, ¶ 11. Specifically, the trial court must find that (1)

consecutive sentences are necessary to either protect the public or punish the

offender; (2) the sentences would not be disproportionate to the offense

committed; and (3) one of the factors set forth in R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(a, b, or c)

applies. Id. R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(c) states, “[t]he offender’s history of criminal

conduct demonstrates that consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the

public from future crimes by the offender.”

{¶17} Here, the trial court found consecutive sentences were “necessary to

protect the public from future crime and to punish the offender, and that

consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s

conduct and the danger the offender poses to the public and * * * [Dunlap’s]

history of criminal conduct demonstrates consecutive sentences are necessary to

protect the public from future crime by the offender.” Tr., p. 24. Thus, the trial

court made the appropriate findings as required under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).

{¶18} Accordingly, we overrule Dunlap’s sole assignment of error.

-9-
Case No. 2-13-15, 2-13-16

{¶19} As to Appeal No. 2-13-15, Dunlap’s appeal from 2011 CR 0066,

Dunlap has failed to argue in his brief, or in an assignment of error, how the trial

court erred. Dunlap’s arguments focus exclusively on his sentence for 2013 CR

0035. We therefore dismiss Case No. 2-13-15 for failure to prosecute. Loc.R.

15(D).

{¶20} Having found no error prejudicial to Dunlap in the particulars

assigned and argued in Appeal No. 2-13-16, we affirm trial court’s judgment and

Appeal No. 2-13-15 is dismissed.

Appeal No. 2-13-16 Judgment Affirmed,
Appeal No. 2-13-15 Appeal Dismissed

PRESTON, P.J. and SHAW, J., concur.

/jlr

-10-