FILED
JUNE 05, 2014
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
In re: Marriage of ) No. 31690-4~1II
)
CINDY J. BROWN, )
)
Appellant, )
)
and ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION
)
LAWRENCE T. BROWN, )
)
Respondent. )
BROWN, J.-Cindy Jean Brown appeals a ruling denying her request for
postsecondary educational support and sanctioning her for making the request too
early. She contends the trial court erred by sanctioning her and failing to decide her
request for attorney fees and costs incurred in petitioning for child support modification.
Disagreeing with her first contention, we affirm her sanctions. But agreeing with her
second contention, we remand to address her request for attorney fees and costs.
FACTS
The parties have two sons who were ages 16 and 11 on the day Ms. Brown
petitioned a superior court commissioner for child support modification.1 Her petition
1 Ms. Brown's attorney mistakenly insists the sons were nearly ages 17 and 13
at all relevant times. The older son was born on March 14, 1996, the younger son was
born on June 16, 2000, and Ms. Brown petitioned on April 18, 2012. The duration
No. 31690-4·111
In re Marriage of Brown
partly requested an award of postsecondary educational support for both sons, and
I
attorney fees and costs based on each party's need and ability to pay. The
commissioner granted her petition overall but denied her request for postsecondary
educational support and neglected to decide her request for attorney fees and costs.
The commissioner ordered her to pay Mr. Brown terms of $750, reasoning her request
for postsecondary educational support was "premature," "not ripe for a decision," and
"without basis in fact or law." Clerk's Papers at 57. While the commissioner did not
identify what authority he relied upon to sanction Ms. Brown, both parties apply CR 11.
Ms. Brown moved a superior court judge for revision without mentioning the
commissioner failed to decide her request for attorney fees and costs. Accordingly, the
judge did not consider this error in denying her motion. Ms. Brown appealed.
ANALYSIS
A. Sanctions
The issue is whether the trial court erred in sanctioning Ms. Brown for
prematurely requesting postsecondary educational support. 2 She contends a
reasonable attorney in like circumstances could believe the request was factually and
legally justified, as required by CR 11. We review CR 11 sanctions for abuse of
discretion. Wash. State Physicians Ins. Exch. & Ass'n v. Fisons Corp., 122 Wn.2d 299,
between the older son's birth date and the petition date is 16 years and one month while
the duration between the younger son's birth date and the petition date is 11 years and
10 months.
2 Because Ms. Brown appeals the judge's denial of her revision motion, we
review the judge's ruling, not the commissioner's ruling. See State v. Hoffman, 115 Wn.
App. 91, 101, 60 P.3d 1261 (2003), rev'd on other grounds, 150 Wn.2d 536, 78 P.3d
1289 (2003).
2
No. 31690-4-111
In re Marriage of Brown
338,858 P.2d 1054 (1993). A trial court abuses its discretion if its decision is
"manifestly unreasonable," based on "untenable grounds," or made for "untenable
reasons." State ex reI. Carroll v. Junker, 79 Wn.2d 12,26,482 P.2d 775 (1971).3
Under CR 11, Ms. Brown's attorney had to sign the petition for child support
modification before filing it. This signature certified "that to the best of the ... attorney's
knowledge, information, and belief, formed after an inquiry reasonable under the
circumstances: (1) [the petition] is well grounded in fact; [and] (2) it is warranted by
existing law or a good faith argument for the extension ... of existing law." CR 11 (a). If
Ms. Brown's attorney violated this rule in signing the petition, the trial court could
impose on Ms. Brown "an appropriate sanction, which may include an order to pay to
[Mr. Brown] ... the amount of the reasonable expenses incurred because of the filing of
the [petition], incl~ding a reasonable attorney fee." CR 11 (a).
The purpose of CR 11 sanctions is "to deter baseless filings and to curb abuses
of the judicial system" but not "to chill an attorney's enthusiasm or creativity in pursuing
factual or legal theories." Bryant v. Joseph Tree, Inc., 119 Wn.2d 210, 219, 829 P.2d
1099 (1992). To avoid deterring meritorious filings, the trial court could not impose CR
11 sanctions on Ms. Brown unless the request for postsecondary educational support
"Iack[ed] a factual or legal basis" and Ms. Brown's attorney "failed to conduct a
reasonable inquiry into the [request's] factual and legal basis." Id. at 220. Thus, the
3 See also In re Marriage of Littlefield, 133 Wn.2d 39, 47,940 P.2d 1362 (1997)
("A court's decision is manifestly unreasonable if it is outside the range of acceptable
choices, given the facts and the applicable legal standard; it is based on untenable
grounds if the factual findings are unsupported by the record; it is based on untenable
3
No. 31690-4-111
In re Marriage of Brown
court needed to consider, under an objective standard without the benefit of hindsight,
"whether a reasonable attorney in like circumstances could believe his or her actions to
be factually and legally justified." Id. Relevant factors include the request's overall
plausibility and complexity. Id. at 220-21 (quoting Miller v. Badgley, 51 Wn. App. 285,
301-02,753 P.2d 530 (1988»; 3A KARL B. TEGLAND, WASHINGTON PRACTICE: RULES
PRACTICE CR 11, at 246 (6th ed. 2013).
Applying this standard, the trial court could impose CR 11 sanctions on Ms.
Brown if it was "patently clear" the request for postsecondary educational support had
"absolutely no chance of success." Skimming v. Boxer, 119 Wn. App. 748, 755, 82
P.3d 707 (2004); accord MacDonald v. Korum Ford, 80 Wn. App. 877, 884, 912 P.2d
1052 (1996); Doe v. Spokane & Inland Empire Blood Bank, 55 Wn. App. 106, 122,780
P.2d 853 (1989). The court could not impose CR 11 sanctions on Ms. Brown merely
because the request failed on its merits. Bryant, 119 Wn.2d at 220.
Here, it was patently clear the request for postsecondary educational support had
absolutely no chance of success as to the 11-year-old son. This half of the request was
utterly implausible because it was 'so premature it could not meaningfully address RCW
26.19.090(2)'s factors, including "the child's needs; ... the child's prospects, desires,
aptitudes, abilities or disabilities; [and] the nature of the postsecondary education
sought." This implausibility was readily apparent before Ms. Brown's attorney made the
request because RCW 26.19.090(2)'s factors are very easy to understand and apply.
Ms. Brown's attorney failed to conduct a reasonable inquiry into the request's factual
reasons if it is based on an incorrect standard or the facts do not meet the requirements
4
1
l
:1
1
I
No. 316904-111
In re Marriage of Brown
j and legal basis because any such inquiry would have exposed this implausibility and
I
1
required abandoning the request. A reasonable attorney in like circumstances could not
believe the request was factually and legally justified. Therefore, the request was
baseless, lacking a factual and legal basis as to the 11-year-old son.
f Ms. Brown's attorney cites In re Marriage of Morris, 176 Wn. App. 893, 309 P.3d
767 {2013}, as authority allowing postsecondary educational support for the 16-year-old
I son. She misreads Morris in two ways. First, the younger daughter in Morris was age
17 at the time of the petition, not age 16 as Ms. Brown's attorney represents. See 176
I Wn. App. at 896 (specifying a birth date of April 21, 1995 and a petition date of June 8,
I 2012). Second, and more importantly, the Morris court did not consider the merits of
I postsecondary educational support for the younger daughter because the respondent
invited any error by strategically assenting to it. 176 Wn. App. at 900-01.
Even if Morris supported this argument by Ms. Brown's attorney, the request for
postsecondary educational support was still frivolous as to the 11-year-old son. And,
the request did not need to be wholly frivolous for the trial court to impose CR 11
sanctions on Ms. Brown. See 1 WASH. STATE BAR ASS'N, WASHINGTON CIVIL PROCEDURE
DESKBOOK § 11.6(2}(b}(ii}, at 11-20 (2d ed. 2002 & Supp. 2006) (comparing CR 11 with
RCW 4.84.185). The request did not need to lack a factual or legal basis as to both the
11-year-otd son and the 16-year-old son. It is enough that the half of the request
concerning the 11-year-old son was frivolous. Appropriately, the court awarded Mr.
of the correct standard."}.
5
I
1
,
j
!
I
I No. 31690-4-111
In re Marriage of Brown
Brown half of the CR 11 sanctions he requested. Considering all, we conclude the trial
1
J court did not abuse its discretion and did not err in sanctioning Ms. Brown. 4
I
}
I
B. Trial Court Fees and Costs
The issue is whether the trial court erred by neglecting to decide Ms. Brown's
i
I request for attorney fees and costs incurred in petitioning for child support modification.
I
She contends RCW 26.09.140 required the court to decide her request upon each
party's need and ability to pay regardless of her CR 11 sanctions. We review a refusal
I
to award attorney fees and costs in a divorce-related proceeding for abuse of discretion.
Mason v. Mason, 163 Wash. 539, 542,1 P.2d 885 (1931). A trial court abuses its
discretion if it fails to exercise discretion when required to do so. Kucera v. Dep't of
Transp., 140 Wn.2d 200, 224, 995 P.2d 63 (2000); Bowcutt v. Delta N. Star Corp., 95
Wn. App. 311, 320-21, 976 P.2d 643 (1999).
While Ms. Brown arguably waived this error claim by omitting it from her revision
motion, we choose to remand for the trial court to consider her request because our
record shows she earns about a third of the income, Mr. Brown earns and she prevailed
on the nonfrivolous parts of her child support modification petition. We are aware of no
authority suggesting a trial court may ignore or impliedly deny a party's request for
attorney fees and costs under RCW 26.09.140 solely because the court was then
4 Because the half of the request concerning the 16-year-old child is immaterial
for purposes of CR 11 sanctions, any error by the trial court in thinking the child was a
year younger is harmless. See Brown v. Spokane County Fire Prot. Dist. No.1, 100
Wn.2d 188, 196,668 P.2d 571 (1983) (stating an appellate court will not reverse a
ruling unless a prejudicial error affected or presumptively affected the outcome).
6
1 No. 31690-4-111
I In re Marriage of Brown
J
1
sanctioning the party under CR 11. The trial court abused its discretion and erred by
I
neglecting to decide Ms. Brown's request.
1
I
t
I
C. Appellate Fees and Costs
Ms. Brown requests an award of appellate attorney fees and costs. Under RCW
1 26.09.140, we may, in our discretion, award either party attorney fees or costs incurred
I
I
I
on appeal from a divorce-related proceeding. In exercising discretion under RCW
26.09.140, we consider "the arguable merit of the issues on appeal and the financial
i
resources of the respective parties." In re Marriage of Griffin, 114 Wn.2d 772, 779, 791
P.2d 519 (1990); accord In re Marriage of Muhammad, 153 Wn.2d 795, B07, 10B P.3d
779 (2005). This approach is unique because, as discussed above, a trial court does
not consider arguable merit in exercising discretion under RCW 26.09.140.
Ms. Brown's main contention lacks arguable merit. Additionally, the parties did
not 'file affidavits demonstrating their respective financial resources, as required by RAP
1B.1 (c). Therefore, we deny her request.
Affirmed and remanded.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW
7
No. 31690-4-111
In re Marriage of Brown
2.06.040.
Brown, J.
WE CONCUR:
Sil!:il:v. c;= Lawrence-Berrey, J.
8