NUMBER 13-13-00402-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG
MICHAEL OLIVER II, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the County Court at Law No. 2
of Bell County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Perkes and Longoria
Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Valdez
Appellant, Michael Oliver, II, appeals his conviction for the offense of committing a
terroristic threat against a family member. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.07(a)(2) (West,
Westlaw through 2013 3d C.S.). By one issue, Oliver contends that the trial court abused
its discretion when it allowed a police officer to testify regarding an outstanding warrant
out of Illinois for aggravated assault against a family member. See TEX. R. EVID. 404(b).
Oliver specifically argues that his trial counsel did not “open the door” to the admission of
the extraneous offense evidence. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND1
In 2013, Oliver, his wife, Carolyn Whitaker, and their four children resided with
Oliver’s sister, Michelle, in Michelle’s home in Killeen, Texas. Michelle’s friend, Alicia
Simmons, Oliver’s other sister, Tasha, and Tasha’s newborn baby also lived in Michelle’s
home. On the afternoon of January 23rd, 2013, Oliver and Michelle got into an argument
after Michelle informed Oliver that he might be unable to stay in the house if he could not
pass a background check. Earlier that day, Child Protective Services had informed
Michelle and Tasha that anyone living in the house with Tasha’s newborn baby, who was
in Michelle’s custody, needed to pass a background check.
Later that day, Oliver and Michelle began arguing again about whether Oliver could
do laundry at the house. Michelle called the police during the argument. On the recording
of the call, Michelle yelled loudly that the she needed police assistance immediately. She
stated that Oliver had pushed her repeatedly and had threatened to kill her if he went to
jail. She began to cry and yelled, “my life is at stake.” Michelle stated that Olivier did not
have a weapon but that he was “deadly with his hands.” She refused to tell the 9-1-1
operator Oliver’s name out fear that he would retaliate if he heard his name. Oliver was
arrested and indicted for committing a terroristic threat against a family and household
member “with intent to place said person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury . . . .”
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.07(a)(2).
1This case is before the Court on transfer from the Third Court of Appeals in Austin pursuant to a
docket equalization order issued by the Supreme Court of Texas. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 73.001
(West, Westlaw through 2013 3d C.S.).
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At trial, Michelle testified that Oliver pushed her off the bed and into the wall and
that he told her “he was gonna kill my bitch ass” if he got arrested. Michelle explained
that she took his threat seriously because Oliver had “a background of violence.” She
said that she had altercations with Oliver her whole life and she always “got beat up.”
She added that Oliver had also, “shot their little brother.” She testified, “It’s his way or no
way. He’s going to get his way even if he got to be violent.” During Michelle’s testimony,
the State published and played Michelle’s 9-1-1 call for the jury.
Officers Reagan Rollins and Christopher Morris responded to Michelle’s 9-1-1 call.
Officer Rollins testified that, when she arrived at the scene, Michelle was “hysterical,
crying.” Officer Rollins testified that Michelle told her that Oliver had hit her and told her
he was going to kill her. Officer Rollins testified that she did not see any visible injuries
on Michelle. On cross-examination, Officer Rollins agreed that Michelle’s statement was
the only reason that the officers arrested Oliver. However, on re-direct, the State asked
Officer Rollins if that was really the only basis for the arrest. Over objection, Officer Rollins
responded that when she ran a background check on Oliver she discovered that he had
an outstanding warrant for aggravated assault in Illinois. She explained that the
outstanding warrant was another basis for the arrest.
Officer Morris testified that he spoke with Oliver at the crime scene. Officer Morris
arrested Oliver and placed him in his patrol car. He testified that during the ride to jail,
Oliver stated that if “anything happen[ed] to his family, anyone who was involved in this
arrest, would die.”
Alicia Simmons testified that she was present in Michelle’s house during the
argument between Oliver and Michelle. She explained that she had to go through
Michelle’s room to get to the bathroom. She stated that while she was in Michelle’s room,
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Oliver “kind of took [Michelle’s] head and shoved her off the bed and she hit the wall.”
Simmons heard Oliver twice say, “Bitch, if I go to jail, I’m going to kill you.” Simmons
testified that Oliver was “very angry” and that his voice was “loud,” and that Michelle was
“very hysterical” and “very upset.”
At closing arguments, defense counsel asserted that one of the keys to this case
was whether the State proved that Oliver intended to place Michelle in fear of imminent
bodily injury. Specifically, he stated, “I submit to you that this is a case where the State
has proven most of the elements of the offense, but not the offense of, with the intent to
place said person in imminent serious bodily injury.” The State, in its closing, referred to
all of the evidence that indicated that Oliver had threatened Michelle, including the 9-1-1
tape and testimony from Michelle and Simmons. Regarding Oliver’s intent to place
Michelle in imminent fear of serious bodily injury, the State directed the jury to the
outstanding warrant for aggravated assault arguing that: “First of all, aggravated assault,
and it’s a family member. What is Michelle? Michelle is a family member and he
threatens to kill her.” The State argued that there was a wealth of other evidence showing
that Oliver intended to place Michelle in fear of bodily injury, including the specific
language of Oliver’s threat, Officer Morris’s testimony that Oliver threatened to kill
everyone else involved in the arrest, Michelle’s screaming and crying, and Michelle’s
testimony regarding the previous instances when Oliver beat her up and regarding
Oliver’s “background of violence.”
At the close of evidence, the jury found Oliver guilty and assessed punishment at
270 days in prison and a $500 fine. This appeal followed.
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II. STANDARD OF REVIEW & APPLICABLE LAW
An appellate court reviews a trial court’s ruling on the admissibility of evidence for
an abuse of discretion. See Weatherred v. State, 15 S.W.3d 540, 542 (Tex. Crim. App.
2000). A trial court does not abuse its discretion if its ruling is within a zone of reasonable
disagreement. See id.
Oliver was convicted under the terroristic threat statute, which provides in relevant
part: “A person commits an offense if he threatens to commit any offense involving
violence to any person or property with intent to . . . place any person in fear of imminent
serious bodily injury . . . .” See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.07(a)(2). Texas Rule of
Evidence 404(b) prohibits the admission of extraneous offenses to prove a person’s
character or to show that the person acted in conformity with that character. TEX. R. EVID.
404(b). However, such evidence may be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of
motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake
or accident. Id.
In addition, when a party “opens the door,” evidence that is otherwise inadmissible
may become admissible, allowing opposing counsel to present evidence to correct the
mistaken impression. Hayden v. State, 296 S.W.3d 549, 554 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009). A
party opens the door by leaving a false impression with the jury that invites the other side
to respond. Id. A party who opened a door to an issue cannot complain when the
opposing party desired to go into the details of that subject. Id. For example, in Jordy v.
State, the Fort Worth Court of Appeals held that a trial court did not err by finding that the
State could admit otherwise inadmissible evidence that there was a correlation between
failing a field sobriety test and intoxication. 413 S.W.3d 227, 231 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
2013, no pet.). Defense counsel initially elicited testimony from a police officer that there
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was no correlation between the test and intoxication, and the appellate court found that
because the impression left by these answers was “false, it was within the trial court's
discretion to allow the State to present evidence to clear up the erroneous impression . .
. .” Id.
III. DISCUSSION
A. Admissibility under Rule 404(b)
Oliver argues that the trial court abused its discretion by admitting extraneous
offense evidence of an outstanding warrant from another state—claiming that his cross
examination of Officer Rollins did not open the door to the evidence. During cross
examination, defense counsel questioned Officer Rollins about her reason to arrest Oliver
as follows:
Q: And, the decision to arrest him for terroristic threat was based, solely,
upon Michelle Oliver’s statement to you.
A: Yes.
The State requested a hearing outside the presence of the jury and sought to offer
evidence that Officer Rollins took other factors into consideration to make the arrest. At
the hearing, the State questioned Officer Rollins:
Q: Were there other things that made you—that would have been
associated with this terroristic threat that would have alerted you to
arrest this person?
A: Yes.
Q: And, what was that?
A: The fact that he had aggravated assault warrants out of another
state.
At the hearing, defense counsel made the following objection:
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[Defense counsel]: Your Honor, I would say that clearly violated the motion
in limine. I think the question that was asked of this
witness was, is it based upon—solely based upon what
Michelle Oliver said. He was arrested for terroristic
threat. There was no weapon found. He didn’t take
any action while the law was there. And I believe the
motion in limine would be violated as to any prior
actions. Certainly, I think the officer can testify . . . .
[The Court]: All right, Mr Kalafut [State], tell me how you think
[defense counsel] opened the door on that.
[Prosecutor]: He opened the door—in fact, he said—okay. He said
you arrested Mr. Oliver based solely on the testimony
or the statement made by the witness in this case,
Michelle Oliver. The terroristic threat has to do with I’m
going to kill you. They found out he had warrants out
of Illinois for aggravated assault. I’m going to kill you
aggravated assault out of a different state that would
give them cause to—these would be thing that would
look at to see that this shows intent on his—to get a
reaction out of the victim.
The trial court ruled that the evidence was admissible. The jury returned to the courtroom
and, the State continued questioning Officer Rollins:
Q: I think the question was brought up regarding why you arrested—
why there was an arrest on Mr. Oliver, and you—what was the—they
asked you what the sole reason was. Was there a sole reason?
A: No.
Q: What was the reason why you arrested Mr. Oliver for terroristic threat
on family member?
A: The reason we arrested him was the way she was acting, her
statement, the fact that we talked to other family members who
believed that he was capable of killing her. And, he also had an
aggravated assault warrant out Illinois that was on a family member.
Here, as the prosecutor explained in his response to the objection, the State
elicited testimony about the arrest warrant to correct the mistaken impression created by
defense counsel’s question and Officer Rollins’ reply to that question. Defense Counsel’s
final question to Officer Rollins was, “And, the decision to arrest him for terroristic threat
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was based, solely, upon Michelle Oliver’s statement to you?” Officer Rollins’ affirmative
reply left a mistaken impression with the jury because there were other factors, including
the arrest warrant from Illinois, that contributed to this decision.2 The State, therefore,
was entitled to elicit testimony explaining that the arrest was not based solely on
Michelle’s accusations. See Hayden, 296 S.W.3d at 554; Jordy, 413 S.W.3d at 231.
As explained by the prosecutor’s response to the objection, defense counsel
bolstered its theory that the State could not prove that Oliver intended to place Michelle
in fear of imminent bodily injury by eliciting testimony that the police arrested Oliver solely
based on Michelle’s accusations. The State was entitled to introduce evidence of the
outstanding warrant for aggravated assault of a family member to correct the mistaken
impression left by Officer Rollins’ original response. See Hayden, 296 S.W.3d at 554;
Jordy, 413 S.W.3d at 231. Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by ruling
that Oliver’s trial counsel opened the door to Officer Rollins’ testimony about the
outstanding warrant.
B. Admissibility under Rule 403(b)
Oliver argues that even if his trial attorney opened the door to the testimony, it was
inadmissible under Rule 403(b) because the prejudicial nature of the outstanding arrest
warrant outweighed its probative value. See TEX. R. EVID. 403(b). However, Oliver only
objected to the testimony on the basis that it “goes into prior actions.” Oliver’s attorney
did not reference unfair prejudice or Rule 403 in the objection at trial. See Montgomery
v. State, 810 S.W.2d 372, 388 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990) (op. on reh’g) (en banc); Beasley
2 The State admitted two videos in which officers Rollins and Morris, sitting in their police vehicle
outside the house, discuss their decision to arrest Oliver. Exhibit 2a, which was admitted for record
purposes but not published, contains a discussion of the outstanding arrest warrant from Illinois. That
discussion was redacted from Exhibit 2b, which was published and played for the jury. The existence of the
Exhibit 2a indicates that the defense counsel was aware, or should have been aware, that the arrest warrant
contributed to the officer’s decision to arrest Oliver.
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v. State, 838 S.W.2d 695, 701-02 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1992, pet. ref’d) (“Once the trial
court rules that the evidence has relevance apart from character conformity, the court has
ruled on the full extent of the opponent’s extraneous offense objection. . . . It is incumbent
upon the opponent of the evidence to then object that the evidence, although relevant,
should not be admitted because its probative value is substantially outweighed by the
danger of unfair prejudice.”).
While, in his objection, Oliver’s attorney did mention the motion in limine filed prior
to trial, the motion in limine did not refer to the danger of unfair prejudice or rule 403(b);
moreover, a motion in limine does not preserve error for our review. Webb v. State, 760
S.W.2d 263, 275 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988) (en banc) (holding that obtaining a ruling on a
motion in limine is not sufficient to preserve error for review, but rather there must be a
proper contemporaneous objection to the proffered evidence). Because Oliver did not
make a proper Rule 403 objection to this testimony at trial, he has waived this argument
on appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1. Montgomery, 810 S.W.2d at 388; Beasley, 838
S.W.2d at 701–02.
C. Harm
Finally, even if the admission of this testimony was erroneous, we find that such
error would not be reversible. Under Rule 44.2(b) of the Texas Rules of Appellate
Procedure, error that does not affect an Oliver’s substantial rights must be disregarded.
TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2(b). A substantial right is affected when the error had a substantial
and injurious effect or influence in determining the jury’s verdict. Scales v. State, 380
S.W.3d 780, 786 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). Here, the jury heard the 9-1-1 tapes in which
Michelle was yelling hysterically and crying, stating that Oliver was threatening to kill her,
that she needed police at the house immediately, and that her life was at stake. Michelle
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also testified at trial that Oliver threatened to kill her. She explained that she believed him
because he had previously committed numerous violent acts and that when they argued,
she always got “beat up.” Another resident of the house testified that she witnessed
Oliver physically push Michelle and threaten to kill her. And Officer Morris testified that,
on the drive to the police station, Oliver threatened to kill anyone involved in his arrest.
While the State did reference outstanding warrant at closing arguments, given the
substantial amount of other evidence that Oliver threatened to kill Michelle with intent to
place her in fear of imminent serious bodily injury, we find that the admission of the
testimony in question, even if erroneous, did not affect Oliver’s substantial rights. See
TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2(b); Scales, 380 S.W.3d at 786.
We overrule Oliver’s sole point of error.
IV. CONCLUSION
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/s/ Rogelio Valdez
Rogelio Valdez
Chief Justice
Do not publish.
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
Delivered and filed the
2nd day of September, 2014.
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