Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case. Dec 17 2013, 11:12 am
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
D.J. DAVIS NICOLE A. ZELIN
Smith Davis LLC. Greenfield, Indiana
Greenfield, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF:
DONALD L. DEPUTY, )
)
Appellant-Petitioner, )
)
vs. ) No. 30A04-1303-DR-108
)
CONNIE S. DEPUTY, )
)
Appellee-Respondent. )
APPEAL FROM THE HANCOCK CIRCUIT COURT
The Honorable Richard D. Culver, Judge
Cause No. 30C01-0910-DR-1137
December 17, 2013
MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION
MATHIAS, Judge
Donald L. Deputy (“Father”) appeals the judgment of the Hancock Circuit Court
in favor of his ex-wife Connie S. Deputy (“Mother”). Father presents ten issues on
appeal, which we consolidate and restate as: (1) whether the trial court erred in ordering
Father to pay room and board expenses for his son, and (2) whether the trial court erred in
ordering Father to maintain his three children on his health insurance plan.
We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.
Facts and Procedural History
Mother and Father were married on May 21, 1998, and their marriage produced
three children: Derek, born in July 1990; Daniel, born in December 1991; and David,
born in July 1993. On August 4, 2010, the parties’ marriage was dissolved. The trial
court’s dissolution order incorporated the parties’ settlement agreement (“the
Agreement”). Pursuant to the Agreement, Father paid $300 per week in child support for
the two younger children and also agreed to pay for any and all college expenses not
otherwise covered by scholarships, grants, or non-reimbursed financial aid. The
Agreement defined “college expenses” as “tuition, room and board, reasonable
transportation costs, books and fees.” Appellant’s App. pp. 11-12. The Agreement
limited these college expenses to those of a State-funded school and were not to exceed
eight semesters and two summer sessions.
By July 1, 2012, the parties’ youngest son had attained the age of nineteen.
Accordingly, Father ceased his child support payment pursuant to Indiana Code section
31-16-6-6, which was effective July 1, 2012 and provides that a parent’s obligation to pay
child support terminates when the child reaches the age of nineteen.
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On July 20, 2012, Mother filed a verified motion for rule to show cause with
regard to Father’s obligation to pay for college expenses and maintain medical insurance
coverage for the children. Father responded to this motion, and the trial court held a
hearing on the matter on November 29, 2012, at which both parties appeared and
presented evidence. The evidence revealed that only Daniel was enrolled in college full
time; Derek was enrolled only part time, and David was not attending college at the time.
Daniel was enrolled in on-line courses through Ivy Tech, with plans to transfer to IUPUI
at some point and take on-line courses there. Daniel lived at home with Mother while
taking these courses.
The trial court entered an order on January 15, 2013, concluding that Father must
maintain coverage for the children on his medical insurance until they were no longer
eligible for coverage under his plan and that Father should pay $250 per week in room
and board expenses for Daniel. Father filed a motion to correct error on February 6,
2013, and Mother responded to this motion on February 19, 2013. The trial court denied
Father’s motion to correct error on February 20, 2013. Father now appeals.
Standard of Review
Upon review of an order apportioning college expenses, we apply a “clearly
erroneous” standard of review. Carson v. Carson, 875 N.E.2d 484, 485-86 (Ind. Ct. App.
2007). A judgment is clearly erroneous when a review of the record leaves this court
with a firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Id.
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I. College Room and Board Expenses
Father’s main argument on appeal is that the trial court erred in its award of
college expenses. Father does not deny that, pursuant to the Agreement, he agreed to pay
for his sons’ college expenses, including room and board. He argues, however, that the
trial court erred in basing its award of college expenses on the room and board costs of a
residential student at Indiana University in Bloomington, whereas his son Daniel is taking
online courses through Ivy Tech and lives with Mother. We agree.
In Carson v. Carson, 875 N.E.2d 484 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007), the parties’ daughter
was attending Manchester College, but lived with her mother and commuted to school.
The trial court ordered the father to pay for sixty-two percent of his daughter’s college
expenses. The trial court based its award of college expenses in part on the cost of room
and board for a residential student at Manchester, even though the daughter lived with her
mother. On appeal, the father claimed that the trial court erred in awarding college
expenses that included the room and board expenses for a residential student. In
addressing this argument, we noted that educational support orders are authorized by
Indiana Code section 31-16-6-2. The purposes of such support orders is to permit the
trial court to address the educational needs of a child even after the child has reached the
age where child support payments have ceased, which at the time of the Carson decision
was twenty-one. Id. We also noted that “[t]he statutory provisions regarding educational
support orders are amplified by the Indiana Child Support Guidelines, which are to be
utilized in the resolution of all petitions to determine or modify support. Id. Specifically,
Child Support Guideline 8 provides:
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A determination of what constitutes educational expenses will be necessary
and will generally include tuition, books, lab fees, supplies, student activity
fees and the like. Room and board will also be included when the student
resides on campus or otherwise is not with the custodial parent.
Ind. Child Supp. Guideline 8(b) (emphasis supplied); see also Carson, 875 N.E.2d at 486
(quoting similar language in what was then the commentary to Child Support Guideline
6).
In light of these authorities, the Carson court rejected the father’s claim that the
mother’s housing of the daughter could not be considered an educational expense.
Carson, 875 N.E.2d at 486. Although the guidelines do not specifically address the
situation where a child resides with a parent while in college, the court noted that this
court had previously concluded that educational expenses may include rent and utilities.
Id. (citing Sebastian v. Sebastian, 798 N.E.2d 224, 227 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003)). We
therefore concluded that “[father] is obligated to pay a portion of [daughter]’s room and
board as educational expenses while attending Manchester and residing with [mother].”
Id. at 487. We further concluded, however, that the trial court erred in imputing such
expenses for daughter as equivalent to the costs of room and board as a residential
student at Manchester College because there was no evidence that mother’s expenses
were equivalent to this amount. Id. We therefore remanded for a recalculation of the
amount that father should have to pay, based on mother’s actual expenses of housing the
parties’ daughter. Id.
The present case is practically indistinguishable from Carson. The trial court
properly ordered Father to pay Mother for Daniel’s room and board. The fact that Daniel
is attending classes online is of no matter, as he is in effectively the same position as a
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student who commutes to school while living with his or her parent. But, as in Carson,
there was no evidence to support an award of room and board expenses equivalent to
those of a residential student at Indiana University in Bloomington.1 This is not to say
that Mother has not incurred any additional expenses by housing Daniel, but there was no
evidence that Mother’s expenses were even roughly equivalent to those awarded by the
trial court. As in Carson, we remand for a recalculation of the amount that Father should
have to pay based on Mother’s actual expenses of housing Daniel.
Father also claims that the trial court’s order improperly awarded college expenses
included housing for months that Daniel was not living with Mother. Specifically, there
was evidence that Daniel spent several weeks away from Mother’s house while touring
with his musical group. Again, we are constrained to agree. In Hinesley-Petry v. Petry,
894 N.E.2d 277 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008), the mother claimed that the trial court erred by
failing to order the father to pay for the daughter’s college expenses for the periods
during which the daughter was on college break. On appeal, we looked to Carson, supra,
and noted that the daughter would be ineligible for child support. We also concluded that
a parent’s educational support obligations do not extend to cover a student’s off-campus
activities while on break from college. Id. at 284. Thus, to the extent that the trial court’s
award of college expenses for Daniel includes those periods while Daniel is on college
break, the trial court erred. To hold otherwise would effectively award child support, not
1
We recognize that the parties’ Agreement specifically referred to the costs of education at a state-funded
school, which would included Indiana University. However, this reference acts as a limit on college
expenses, not a shortcut for determining such expenses without reference to actual cost.
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educational expenses, for Daniel even though he is ineligible to receive child support as
an emancipated adult. See id.
Father next argues that the trial court erred by failing to give him “credit” for the
extra money Mother received from scholarship and financial aid. Mother testified that
Daniel received a federal Pell grant and an Indiana O’Bannon grant for Daniel for the fall
semester in the amount of $4,045. Daniel’s tuition for that semester was $1,786.47,
leaving a difference of $2,258.53. Father claims that he should be given a “credit”
toward his payment of college expenses for this amount. Father fails to support his
position with any citation to authority or any cogent argument, and we therefore consider
this claim to be waived for purposes of appeal. See Jeffrey v. Methodist Hospitals, 956
N.E.2d 151, 159 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011) (citing Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(a)).
Waiver notwithstanding, Mother testified that the financial aid money that did not
go toward tuition was used to assist Daniel with his other educational expenses, including
books, transportation, and some living expenses. Although this might lessen the total
cost of Daniel’s education, we cannot say that the trial court clearly erred by failing to
give Father a dollar-for-dollar “credit” for any financial aid Daniel received. Cf. Schacht
v. Schacht, 892 N.E.2d 1271, 1279 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008) (concluding that trial court
properly credited scholarship funds to daughter for her portion of educational expenses
instead of against the total cost of educational expenses).
We also reject Father’s rather incredible claim that financial aid received by his
other sons in prior years should somehow be credited to him with regard to payment of
Daniel’s educational expenses. Again, this argument is unsupported by any citation to
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authority or cogent argument. See Jeffrey, 956 N.E.2d at 159 (citing Appellate Rule
46(A)(8)(a)). Moreover, we fail to see how the money received by the other sons has any
bearing on Daniel’s current educational expenses. In addition, there was evidence
presented that, because of the financial aid the sons had received, Father had yet been
required to pay anything for his sons’ educational expenses.
For the same reasons, we reject Father’s claim that the trial court erred by failing
to give him credit for SSI income received by the parties’ son Derek. Yet again, Father’s
claim is wholly unsupported by citation to authority. More importantly, it fails on its
merits. The court did not order Father to pay an en gross child support order for which
money received by one child might effect the money required to support the other
children. Father was ordered to pay educational expenses, and any amount received by
Derek from SSI is irrelevant to Daniel’s educational expenses. The trial court properly
ignored Derek’s SSI income in determining Father’s obligation to pay for Daniel’s
educational expenses.2
Father also claims that the trial court erred by failing to require Mother to provide
“proof” that she applied for “any and all” known financial aid for Daniel. Pursuant to the
Agreement, Mother was to apply for any and all known financial aid and scholarships.
Father claims that Mother failed to do so. Mother testified at the hearing that she
completed the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (“FAFSA”). Father claims that
this was insufficient, but fails to explain why. Moreover, Mother testified that she
searched for other scholarships and financial aid for her children, but was unable to find
2
The same is true for Father’s brief, unsupported claim that the trial court should have somehow given
him credit toward Daniel’s educational expenses for the earned income tax credit Mother received.
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any for which they qualified. She even explained that David applied for one scholarship
but did not receive any aid therefrom. We agree with Mother that Father has failed to
show how Mother’s attempts to apply for and receive any additional aid was
unreasonable or contrary to the terms of the Agreement.
II. Health Insurance
Father next claims that the trial court erred in requiring him to maintain all three of
his children on his health insurance plan until such time that they are ineligible for
coverage under his plan. Father claims that the trial court erred in requiring him to
maintain health insurance on his sons past the date of their legal emancipation, i.e.
nineteen years of age for purposes of child support. However, our supreme court has
held that “a post-secondary educational order may include medical, dental, and optical
insurance costs, as well as other health care costs, where the court finds such costs
appropriate.” Cubel v. Cubel, 876 N.E.2d 1117, 1120 (Ind. 2007).
Father is correct, however, that the trial court erred in ordering that he maintain
health care coverage on his children without regard to their enrollment in a post-
secondary educational institution. Our supreme court in Cubel clearly held that “payment
of insurance and health care costs must be contingent upon the child remaining enrolled
in a post-secondary educational institution.” Id. Here, the trial court’s order did not
make Father’s duty to maintain health insurance conditional on his children’s enrollment
in college. On remand, the trial court is instructed to amend its order to comply with our
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supreme court’s opinion in Cubel and condition his duty to maintain health care coverage
for his children on their enrollment in a post-secondary educational institution.3
Conclusion
The trial court erred in basing Daniel’s room-and-board expenses at home on the
room-and-board expenses of a residential student at Indiana University in Bloomington,
because Daniel does not live on campus and instead lives with Mother and takes classes
online through Ivy Tech. The trial court also erred by not limiting Father’s duty to pay
for college expenses to those periods where Daniel is actually enrolled in classes and is
not on college break. The trial court did not err in failing to credit Father for any
financial aid his son received or in failing to consider his other son Derek’s SSI income
when it determined Daniel’s room-and-board expenses. Lastly, although the trial court
was within its discretion to order Father to maintain health insurance on his sons as a part
of an educational expense order, the trial court erred by failing to make this duty
contingent upon his sons maintaining enrollment at a post-secondary educational
institution. We therefore reverse the order of the trial court and remand with instructions
for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded.
NAJAM, J., concurs.
BROWN, J., concurs in part and dissents in part with separate opinion.
3
To the extent that Father complains that the trial court erred in ordering him to maintain coverage on all
three sons, as opposed to only Daniel, we would note that Father himself admitted that maintaining
coverage for all three sons was no more expensive than maintaining coverage for only Daniel.
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IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF: )
)
DONALD L. DEPUTY, )
)
Appellant-Petitioner, )
)
vs. ) No. 30A04-1303-DR-108
)
CONNIE S. DEPUTY )
)
Appellee-Respondent. )
BROWN, Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part
I concur with the majority in all respects except as to the credit Father should receive for
the $2,258.53 Daniel received from grants for the fall semester in excess of the cost of tuition.
The majority refers to Mother’s testimony that this sum was used to pay for books,
transportation, and some living expenses for Daniel. As Daniel is taking online courses, it is
unclear why he would have transportation expenses related to his schooling, and “living
expenses” may be duplicative of the cost of room and board. On remand I would direct the trial
court to credit Father for that portion of the financial aid Daniel received for transportation
expenses unrelated to any schooling and for his living expenses included in the room and board
calculation.
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