UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
ROBERT LEE JOHNSON,
Civil Action No. 11-1702
Plaintiff, DAR
v.
INTERSTATE MANAGEMENT CO., LLC,
Defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Plaintiff Robert Lee Johnson, proceeding pro se, commenced this action against his
former employer, Defendant Interstate Management Company, following its termination of his
employment. The only remaining claim in this action is Plaintiff’s claim that Defendant
terminated his employment in retaliation for his filing of a complaint with the United States
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”).1 Pending for determination by the
undersigned is Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Document No. 48) with respect to
the retaliation claim. Upon consideration of the motion, the memoranda in support thereof and
opposition thereto, the attached exhibits, and the entire record herein, the undersigned will grant
Defendant’s motion.
1
The previously assigned United States District Judge, ruling on Defendant’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s
complaint for failure to state a claim, dismissed Plaintiff’s claims against Defendant’s director of human resources
and “any purported claim under OSHA.” Johnson v. Interstate Mgmt. Co., 871 F. Supp. 2d 1, 6 (D.D.C. 2012).
The parties subsequently consented to proceed before the undersigned United States Magistrate Judge for all
purposes. Notice, Consent, and Reference of a Civil Action to a Magistrate Judge (Document No. 19). The
undersigned, ruling on Defendant’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s amended complaint for failure to state a claim,
dismissed Plaintiff’s claims of harassment, hostile work environment, and age discrimination. Johnson v. Interstate
Mgmt. Co., 962 F. Supp. 2d 244, 252 (D.D.C. 2013).
Johnson v. Interstate Management Co., LLC. 2
BACKGROUND
The court has discussed the underlying facts and procedural background of this matter
extensively in previous decisions, and those discussions are incorporated herein. Johnson v.
Interstate Mgmt. Co., 962 F. Supp. 2d 244, 246-48 (D.D.C. 2013); Johnson v. Interstate Mgmt.
Co., 871 F. Supp. 2d 1, 2-3 (D.D.C. 2012).
Plaintiff was employed by Defendant as a cook at the Hamilton Crowne Plaza Hotel from
July 1996 until March 2011. Defendant’s Statement of Material Facts Not in Genuine Dispute
(“Statement of Facts”) (Document No. 48-6) ¶¶ 1, 8. On October 1, 2010, Plaintiff filed a
complaint with the EEOC alleging violations of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (“Title
VII”), the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (“ADEA”), and the Americans with
Disabilities Act (“ADA”); the EEOC issued a determination on March 30, 2011, indicating that it
was “unable to conclude that the information obtained establishe[d] violations of the statutes.”
Johnson, 962 F. Supp. 2d at 246 (citations omitted) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also
Statement of Facts ¶ 2.
On February 21, 2011, a hotel employee “found cooked plastic wrap in a piece of breaded
chicken” that was prepared by the hotel’s restaurant. Statement of Facts ¶ 3. Following its
investigation and determination that Plaintiff had cooked the chicken, Defendant terminated
Plaintiff’s employment on March 21, 2011 for “repeated food safety issues.” Id. ¶¶ 6-8.
Defendant had documented previous “food safety issues” involving Plaintiff, and had given
Plaintiff “multiple prior warnings related to food safety and work performance.” Id. ¶¶ 8-9. For
example, Plaintiff received a written warning in March 2010 for “[u]ndercook[ing] chicken for a
250 person banquet,” received a written warning in January 2011 for “[t]hawing frozen chicken
Johnson v. Interstate Management Co., LLC. 3
in dish sink,” received a “note to file” in February 2011 for “[f]ail[ing] to cool soup according to
ServeSafe requirements,” and received “[c]oaching/counseling” in February 2011 for “[s]et[ting]
off fire alarm in kitchen.” Declaration of Vanessa R. Peters (Document No. 48-2), Exhibit A.
Defendant had previously received written and verbal warnings in 2008 and 2009 for other
sanitation concerns. Id.
Following his termination, Plaintiff, on April 22, 2011, filed another complaint with the
EEOC, this time, alleging that he was discharged in retaliation for filing his previous EEOC
complaint in violation of Title VII, the ADEA, and the ADA. Opposition, Exhibit 1 (Document
No. 49-1) at 15-19.2 The EEOC issued a determination on June 13, 2011, indicating that it was
“unable to conclude that the information obtained establishes violations of the statutes.”
Complaint, Exhibit 1 (Document No. 1-1) at 13-14. After the EEOC denied Plaintiff’s request
for reconsideration of its decision, id. at 12, Plaintiff commenced this action.
CONTENTIONS OF THE PARTIES
Defendant contends that summary judgment in its favor is warranted because Plaintiff
cannot demonstrate a causal connection between the filing of his EEOC complaint in October
2010 and his termination in March 2011. Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of
Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment (“Memorandum”) (Document No. 48) at 9-10.
Defendant contends that Plaintiff cannot rely on “temporal proximity” to demonstrate causation
because he was terminated “nearly six months” after he filed an EEOC complaint. Id. at 11.
Defendant submits that it terminated Plaintiff for “repeated workplace deficiencies,” culminating
2
Citations to the exhibits submitted by Plaintiff refer to the page number designated by ECF.
Johnson v. Interstate Management Co., LLC. 4
in its determination that he cooked breaded chicken with plastic wrap still inside. Id. at 10.
Plaintiff maintains that Defendant terminated him in retaliation for filing an EEOC
complaint. Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for
Summary Judgment (“Opposition”) (Document No. 49) at 1.3 In response to Defendant’s
allegations of food safety violations, Plaintiff contends that Defendant has not “established” any
“misconduct.” Id. at 2.4 Plaintiff further contends that he did not cook the chicken, as alleged by
Defendant, and that the “write ups” relied upon by Defendant are “false documents.” Opposition
at 4, 20.5
Defendant argues that the court should deem its Statement of Facts admitted since
Plaintiff did not respond with a statement of genuine issues, despite the court’s Supplemental
Order (Document No. 24) advising pro se Plaintiff of his obligation to do so. Reply
Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of Defendant’s Motion for Summary
Judgment (“Reply”) (Document No. 50) at 2. Defendant maintains that Plaintiff has not put forth
any evidence demonstrating “that the cause of his termination on March 21, 2011, was the filing
of his EEOC charge on October 1, 2010,” and has thus not demonstrated that there is a “genuine
issue for trial.” Id. at 7-8. With respect to Plaintiff’s contention regarding the alleged chicken
incident, Defendant contends that “plaintiff must prove [the Human Resources Director] did not
honestly and reasonably believe that he did cook the chicken at the time [she] made the decision
3
Although Plaintiff’s memorandum is captioned and docketed as a motion for summary judgment, the
undersigned construes it as an opposition brief filed in response to Defendant’s motion.
4
The undersigned previously observed that Plaintiff appears to quote language from administrative
proceedings regarding his unemployment benefits. See Johnson, 962 F. Supp. 2d at 247 n.4.
5
Plaintiff addresses a number of other allegations related to his previous claims, but the court will limit its
discussion to the sole claim pending before it.
Johnson v. Interstate Management Co., LLC. 5
to terminate him.” Id. at 5.
APPLICABLE STANDARD
“The court shall grant summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no genuine
dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R.
Civ. P. 56(a). An issue is genuine if the “evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a
verdict for the nonmoving party.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986).
Whether a fact is material is determined based on whether it might affect the outcome of the suit
under the governing law. Id.
The party seeking summary judgment must identify “those portions of ‘the pleadings,
depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if
any,’ which it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.” Celotex
Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). “[A] party opposing a properly supported motion for
summary judgment may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of his pleading, but . . .
must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Anderson, 477 U.S.
at 248, 256 (internal quotation marks omitted). “The mere existence of a scintilla of evidence in
support of the [nonmoving party’s] position will be insufficient; there must be evidence on which
the jury could reasonably find for the [nonmoving party].” Id. at 252. The court will view the
evidence and inferences in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Matsushita Elec.
Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986).
DISCUSSION
Plaintiff brings a claim of retaliation, alleging violations of Title VII, the ADEA, and the
Johnson v. Interstate Management Co., LLC. 6
ADA. The aforementioned statutes prohibit employers from retaliating against an employee for
engaging in protected activity pursuant to the respective statute. See 29 U.S.C. § 623(d); 42
U.S.C. §§ 2000e–3(a), 12203(a). The court analyzes retaliation claims brought under these
statutes that are based on circumstantial evidence in accordance with the burden-shifting
framework established in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973). See
Nunnally v. Dist. of Columbia, No. 08-1464, 2013 WL 6869665, at *9 (D.D.C. Dec. 19, 2013)
(citing Porter v. Shah, 606 F.3d 809, 813 (D.C. Cir. 2010)); Jones v. Bernanke, 557 F.3d 670,
677 (D.C. Cir. 2009) (citation omitted) (“Whether brought under Title VII or the ADEA,
retaliation claims based on circumstantial evidence . . . trigger the familiar burden-shifting
framework of McDonnell Douglas.”); Smith v. Dist. of Columbia, 430 F.3d 450, 455 (D.C. Cir.
2005) (citations omitted) (“Although the framework was developed for Title VII cases, our sister
circuits have all accepted its application to ADA retaliation suits under § 12203(a), as we do
now.”).
Under that framework, ordinarily, the court first determines if the employee established a
prima facie case. To establish a prima facie case of retaliation, the employee must show that he
engaged in protected activity, and that his employer took materially adverse employment action
against him because he engaged in the protected activity.6 Bridgeforth v. Jewell, 721 F.3d 661,
663 (D.C. Cir. 2013). However, this Circuit has “simplified” the inquiry where the employer
proffers a legitimate, non-retaliatory reason for the adverse action: “the central question” then
becomes “whether the employee produced sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury to find that
6
Defendant does not dispute that Plaintiff engaged in statutorily protected activity by filing an EEOC
complaint, and does not dispute that his termination constitutes a materially adverse employment action.
Memorandum at 9 n.9. Rather, Defendant avers that Plaintiff cannot demonstrate causation, i.e., that he was
terminated because he filed the EEOC complaint.
Johnson v. Interstate Management Co., LLC. 7
the employer’s asserted non-retaliatory reason was not the actual reason and that the employer
intentionally retaliated against the employee . . . .” Hernandez v. Pritzker, 741 F.3d 129, 133
(D.C. Cir. 2013) (quoting another source); see also Morales v. Gotbaum, No. 10-0221, 2014 WL
2031244, at *4 (D.D.C. May 19, 2014) (footnote omitted) (“[W]here the defendant proffers
legitimate, nondiscriminatory or nonretaliatory reasons for the challenged actions, the court need
not conduct the threshold inquiry into whether the plaintiff established a prima facie case of
discrimination or retaliation.”); Nunnally, 2013 WL 6869665, at *9.
Here, Defendant proffers a legitimate, non-retaliatory reason for terminating Plaintiff by
submitting that he was terminated for “repeated food safety issues,” notably, cooking a piece of
breaded chicken with plastic wrap inside. Statement of Facts ¶ 8. Defendant relies on the
Declaration of Jesse G. Peterson (Document No. 48-1), the hotel employee who discovered the
plastic wrap inside the chicken; Mr. Peterson’s photograph of the piece of chicken; the
Declaration of Vanessa R. Peters (Document No. 48-2), the Human Resources Director for the
hotel who investigated the incident and made the decision to terminate Plaintiff; Plaintiff’s
“counseling/disciplinary” records documenting previous incidents with respect to sanitation and
food preparation, see Declaration of Vanessa R. Peters, Exhibit A; and the Declaration of
Spencer Wolff (Document No. 48-3), the hotel’s Executive Chef who disciplined Plaintiff for
previous food safety issues and who determined that Plaintiff had prepared the chicken that was
served to Mr. Peterson.
Thus, “the ‘central question’ in this case is whether [Plaintiff] has produced sufficient
evidence for a reasonable jury to find those reasons were but pretexts for retaliation.” See
Hernandez, 741 F.3d at 133. Plaintiff does not set forth “material facts as to which [he contends]
Johnson v. Interstate Management Co., LLC. 8
there exists a genuine issue necessary to be litigated.” See LCvR 7(h)(1). The court, however,
mindful that Plaintiff is proceeding pro se, treats arguments in his opposition as challenges to
certain facts asserted by Defendant, namely, that he committed the alleged “food safety”
violations. See Opposition at 4 (“I did not cook any chicken with plastic on it.”), 20 (“Those
write ups that [are] in my file are false documents.”). In challenging these statements of fact,
Plaintiff essentially argues that Defendant’s proffered reason for terminating him is pretext.
In support of his contention, Plaintiff primarily relies on an order issued by an
Administrative Law Judge, Opposition at 2-6, concluding that Plaintiff was qualified to receive
unemployment benefits because Defendant could not prove “disqualifying misconduct” since it
failed to establish that Plaintiff acted “intentionally,” Opposition, Exhibit 1 at 37. As Defendant
notes, Reply at 5, that finding is not relevant to the inquiry in this matter. See Anyaso v. U.S.
Capitol Police, No. 12-1327, 2014 WL 1501242, at *6 (D.D.C. Apr. 17, 2014) (quoting Brady v.
Office of Sergeant at Arms, 520 F.3d 490, 496 (D.C. Cir. 2008)) (“As the D.C. Circuit has
explained, ‘the question is not whether the underlying [ ] incident[s] occurred; rather the issue is
whether the employer honestly and reasonably believed that the underlying [ ] incident[s]
occurred.’”). Plaintiff also relies on his work schedule for February 21, 2011, which indicates
that he was scheduled to work until 1:30 in the afternoon, in support of his contention that he
“did not cook the evening employees [sic] meal on 2-21-2011.” Opposition at 4; Opposition,
Exhibit 1 at 14. However, Plaintiff does not elaborate on this evidence or describe how it
supports his position that he did not cook the chicken that was served to Mr. Peterson.
Moreover, other than his assertion that the documents in his personnel file are “false,” Plaintiff
does not address the other food safety issues documented by Defendant.
Johnson v. Interstate Management Co., LLC. 9
The undersigned thus finds that Plaintiff has not produced sufficient evidence from which
a reasonable jury could find that Defendant’s proffered reason for terminating Plaintiff was not
its actual reason. See Hernandez, 741 F.3d at 136 (affirming the district court’s grant of
summary judgment in favor of the employer after noting that the plaintiff did not “produce[] the
slightest evidence to show the [employer’s] account is a pretext for retaliation”). Accordingly,
Defendant is entitled to summary judgment with respect to Plaintiff’s claim of retaliation.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Document No.
48) will be granted by separate order.
/s/
DEBORAH A. ROBINSON
United States Magistrate Judge
September 19, 2014