J-S49033-14
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
LYDIA SUMO
Appellant No. 3506 EDA 2013
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence entered September 16, 2013
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No: CP-51-CR-0011690-2012
BEFORE: OLSON, OTT, and STABILE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.: FILED OCTOBER 14, 2014
Lydia Sumo appeals from the judgment of sentence entered for her
conviction of various crimes of violence. Sumo’s court-appointed counsel
has filed an Anders1 brief and petitioned to withdraw, claiming this appeal is
wholly frivolous. We affirm and grant the petition to withdraw.
On August 3rd, 2012, Officer [Lawrence2] Tevelson responded to
a radio call for a person with a weapon and females fighting with
knives inside of 5523 Walnut Street in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. When Officer Tevelson arrived on location, he
came into contact with a complainant, [Georgess] Harris and a
witness, Martherline Ahossouhe. At this time, Ms. Harris was
actively bleeding from the arm. Officer Tevelson entered the
property and the [Appellant], Lydia Sumo, came running down
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1
Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967).
2
The trial court and Appellant state that Officer Tevelson’s first name is
“Jason,” but the Commonwealth and the record refer to him as “Lawrence.”
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the hallway towards Officer Tevelson with a knife raised over her
head, while screaming “I’m gonna kill you”. At this time, Officer
Tevelson drew his weapon and ordered the [Appellant] to drop
the knife. After ordering the [Appellant] to drop the knife twelve
times, the [Appellant] finally dropped the knife. Officer Tevelson
had the [Appellant] drop to her knees and she continued to
resist arrest by not allowing Officer Tevelson to place handcuffs
on her wrist.
Trial Court Rule 1925(a) Opinion, 2/7/14, at 1. Officer Tevelson arrested
Appellant, and she was charged with aggravated assault, possession of an
instrument of crime (PIC), terroristic threats, simple assault, recklessly
endangering another person (REAP), and resisting arrest.3
At a bench trial, the trial court found Appellant guilty of all charges. It
later sentenced Appellant to two years’ probation, a mitigated range
sentence.4 This appeal followed.
Before the trial court, Appellant’s counsel filed a notice of intent to file
an Anders brief in lieu of a statement of matters complained of on appeal.
See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(c)(4). Before this Court, Appellant’s counsel has filed
an Anders brief and a petition to withdraw as counsel. In the Anders brief,
counsel identifies two potentially meritorious issues for review: (1) whether
Appellant’s convictions are supported by sufficient evidence; and (2)
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3
18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2702(a), 907(a), 2706(a)(1), 2701(a), 2705, and 5104,
respectively.
4
Appellant is attempting to become a U.S. citizen. The trial court imposed a
probationary sentence on the belief that it would not affect her immigration
status. See N.T. Sentencing, 11/6/13 at 10.
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whether the trial court erred in excluding character evidence of Appellant’s
reputation for truthfulness.
Before we consider whether this appeal is frivolous, we must address
counsel’s petition to withdraw. To withdraw under Anders, counsel must
(1) petition this Court for leave to withdraw after certifying that a thorough
review of the record indicates the appeal is frivolous; (2) file a brief referring
to anything in the record that might arguably support the appeal; and (3)
send the appellant a copy of the brief and advise the appellant of the right to
obtain new counsel or file a pro se brief to raise any additional points for
review. Commonwealth v. Millisock, 873 A.2d 748, 751 (Pa. Super.
2005). Additionally, the Anders brief must:
(1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
citations to the record;
(2) refer to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably
supports the appeal;
(3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous;
and
(4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is
frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record,
controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to
the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.
Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349, 361 (Pa. 2009).
We find that counsel has met the procedural and substantive
requirements of Anders and our Supreme Court’s Santiago decision.
Appellant has not responded to counsel’s letter, so we now examine the
issues raised to determine whether the appeal is wholly frivolous.
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The first issue to which counsel directs us is the sufficiency of the
evidence.
As a general matter, our standard of review of sufficiency claims
requires that we evaluate the record in the light most favorable
to the verdict winner giving the prosecution the benefit of all
reasonable inferences to be drawn from the evidence. Evidence
will be deemed sufficient to support the verdict when it
establishes each material element of the crime charged and the
commission thereof by the accused, beyond a reasonable doubt.
Nevertheless, the Commonwealth need not establish guilt to a
mathematical certainty. Any doubt about the defendant’s guilt is
to be resolved by the fact finder unless the evidence is so weak
and inconclusive that, as a matter of law, no probability of fact
can be drawn from the combined circumstances.
Commonwealth v. Rahman, 75 A.3d 497, 500-01 (Pa. Super. 2013)
(quoting Commonwealth v. Pettyjohn, 64 A.3d 1072, 1074-75 (Pa.
Super. 2013)) (other internal quotations and citations omitted).
Aggravated assault, as charged in this case required, at a minimum,
proof that Appellant (1) attempted by physical menace (2) to place an
enumerated officer, while in performance of duty, (3) in fear of imminent
serious bodily injury. 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702(a)(6).5 An “enumerated” officer
includes a police officer. Id. § 2702(c). Attempt requires proof of intent,
and intent can be inferred from attendant circumstances. Id. § 901(a);
Commonwealth v. Landis, 48 A.3d 432, 446 (Pa. Super. 2012) (en banc).
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5
Count 1 of the criminal information charged Appellant with committing acts
which would constitute aggravated assault under subsections (3), (4), and
(6) of § 2702. Appellant’s counsel has restricted his discussion to subsection
(6). We will confine our analysis accordingly.
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Serious bodily injury is “[b]odily injury which creates a substantial risk of
death or which causes serious, permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss
or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.” 18 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 2301.
In this case, Officer Tevelson entered a house to investigate a report
of a knife fight. When he announced himself as a police officer, Appellant
charged at Officer Tevelson while brandishing a butcher knife and
threatening to kill him. She kept running at Officer Tevelson even though he
had drawn his service pistol. Appellant dropped the knife only after she was
close enough that Officer Tevelson could have touched her, and after he
repeatedly ordered her to do so. Appellant’s actions in waiving about a large
kitchen knife, charging at an armed police officer, and threatening to kill the
officer constitute sufficient proof of attempting by physical menace to place
Officer Tevelson in fear of immediate serious bodily injury. Viewing the
record in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, evidence of
aggravated assault is therefore sufficient to sustain Appellant’s conviction.
Appellant also was convicted of simple assault and recklessly
endangering another person (REAP). These counts are lesser-included
offenses of aggravated assault.6 Because the evidence of aggravated
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6
A person who, inter alia, by physical menace, places another person in fear
of imminent serious bodily injury is guilty of simple assault. 18 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 2701(a)(3). A person who “recklessly engages in conduct which places or
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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assault was sufficient, it is, a fortiori, sufficient to sustain a conviction for
any lesser-included offense. See Commonwealth v. Smith, 956 A.2d
1029, 1036 (Pa. Super. 2008) (“[W]here the evidence is sufficient to support
a claim of aggravated assault it is also sufficient to support a claim of
[REAP].”) (internal quotation omitted); Commonwealth v. Repko, 817
A.2d 549, 554 (Pa. Super. 2003) (noting that the difference between simple
assault by physical menace and aggravated assault by physical menace is
that the latter requires proof that the victim is an enumerated officer),
overruled on other grounds by Commonwealth v. Matthews, 870 A.2d
924, 932-33 (Pa. Super. 2005) (en banc).
A person who, inter alia, “communicates, either directly or indirectly, a
threat to . . . commit any crime of violence with intent to terrorize another,”
is guilty of terroristic threats. 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2601(a)(1). Belief of harm by
the person being threatened is not an element of the crime, and “[b]eing
angry does not render a person incapable of forming the intent to terrorize.”
Commonwealth v. Fenton, 750 A.2d 863, 865 (Pa. Super. 2000).
Appellant threatened to kill Officer Tevelson while wielding a large knife.
She charged the officer and refused to stop until ordered to do so multiple
times. Viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the
evidence sufficient to sustain Appellant’s conviction for terroristic threats.
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
may place another person in danger of death or serious bodily injury” is
guilty of REAP. Id. § 2705.
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PIC requires proof that a person possessed an instrument of crime
with the intent to employ it criminally. 18 Pa.C.S. § 907(a). An instrument
of crime includes “[a]nything used for criminal purposes and possessed by
the actor under circumstances not manifestly appropriate for lawful uses it
may have.” Id. § 907(d). Here, Appellant used a large butcher knife to
threaten Officer Tevelson. Threatening to kill a police officer is not one of
the lawful purposes for which butcher knives are designed.
Commonwealth v. Robinson, 874 A.2d 1200, 1208-09 (Pa. Super. 2005)
(holding that use of a knife to perpetrate a robbery was sufficient evidence
of PIC). Therefore, the evidence of PIC was sufficient.
Resisting arrest requires proof that a person intended to prevent a
lawful arrest by creating “a substantial risk of bodily injury to the public
servant or anyone else, or employ[ing] means justifying or requiring
substantial force to overcome the resistance.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5104;
Commonwealth v. Coleman, 19 A.3d 1111, 1118 (Pa. Super. 2011)
(finding sufficient evidence where defendant struggled with officer, struck
him using his shoulders, cursed at him, and told him to get off). Here, after
Appellant dropped the knife she was wielding, Officer Tevelson attempted to
arrest her. She struggled with him, had to be forced to the ground, and
refused to be handcuffed. These facts constitute sufficient evidence of
resisting arrest.
In sum, any challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence for any of
Appellant’s convictions would be wholly frivolous.
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We turn to the second issue identified by Appellant’s counsel. At trial,
Appellant attempted to introduce character evidence by stipulation. The trial
court accepted the stipulation regarding Appellant’s reputation for
nonviolence, but refused to accept evidence of Appellant’s reputation for
truthfulness when the Commonwealth objected.
We review decisions regarding the admissibility of evidence for an
abuse of discretion. Commonwealth v. Akbar, 91 A.3d 227, 235 (Pa.
Super. 2014) (quoting Commonwealth v. Montalvo, 986 A.2d 84, 94 (Pa.
2009)). In a criminal case, the defendant may offer evidence of a pertinent
trait of character, and the prosecution can offer evidence in rebuttal.
Pa.R.E. 404(a)(2); Commonwealth v. Harris 785 A.2d 998, 1001 (Pa.
Super. 2001) (noting that character evidence for non-violence is pertinent in
a prosecution for murder).
Character for truthfulness is admissible in two situations: (1) in
prosecutions for crimena falsi or (2) to rebut the prosecution’s attack on the
defendant’s character for truthfulness. Commonwealth v. Fulton, 830
A.2d 567, 572-73 (Pa. 2003) (Opinion Announcing the Judgment of the
Court). The prosecution’s character attack must directly assail the
defendant’s reputation for being truthful. Id. at 573-74; Commonwealth
v. Constant, 925 A.2d 810, 822-23 (Pa. Super. 2007), overruled on other
grounds by Commonwealth v. Minnis, 83 A.3d 1047 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(en banc). Merely cross-examining the defendant does not open the door.
Commonwealth v. Fisher, 764 A.2d 82, 87 (Pa. Super. 2000). Nor does
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suggesting that the defendant’s factual theory is incorrect. Constant, 925
A.2d at 823.
In this case, Appellant was not charged with crimena falsi. Rather, all
of Appellant’s charges are crimes of violence or weapons crimes, for which
truthfulness is not a relevant character trait. Moreover, the Commonwealth
did not assail her character for truthfulness. Although the Commonwealth
cross-examined her regarding the events leading to the criminal charges,
mere cross-examination is insufficient to make the defendant’s character for
truthfulness relevant.
Having reviewed the record of this case, we conclude that this appeal
is wholly frivolous. Additionally, counsel has properly complied with the
procedural and substantive requirements to withdraw as counsel under
Anders and Santiago. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of sentence
and grant counsel’s petition to withdraw.
Judgment of sentence affirmed. Petition to withdraw granted.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 10/14/2014
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