J-S54034-14
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
DAVID W. ECKLUND
Appellant No. 163 MDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence entered October 28, 2013
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County
Criminal Division at No: CP-35-CR-0002549-2008
BEFORE: LAZARUS, MUNDY, and STABILE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 10, 2014
Appellant David W. Ecklund appeals the Court of Common Pleas of
Lackawanna County’s (trial court) October 28, 2013, judgment of sentence
imposed following the revocation of his sentence of state intermediate
punishment (SIP) under the Prisons and Parole Code.1 Appellant’s counsel
has filed a petition to withdraw, alleging that this appeal is wholly frivolous,
and filed a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967),
and Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009). For the
reasons set forth below, we affirm and grant the petition to withdraw.
The facts underlying this appeal are undisputed. As recounted by the
trial court:
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1
Act of August 11, 2009, P.L. 147, No. 33, 61 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 4101-4108.
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On December 10, 2008, [Appellant] pled guilty to
[p]ossession with [i]ntent to [d]eliver [(PWID)] [(cocaine)], 35
Pa.C.S.A. § 780-113(a)(30) docketed to 08 CR 2549.
Thereafter, on March 30, 2009 [Appellant] was sentenced to
fourteen (14) months to thirty-six (36) months state
incarceration plus two (2) years of special probation. On
September 11, 2011, [Appellant] began serving his probationary
term. One month later, [Appellant] absconded from supervision.
In response, [the trial court] issued a warrant for [Appellant’s]
arrest on November 14, 2011. In violation of his probation,
[Appellant] admitted that he was residing in New York with his
parents instead of residing at his approved residence with his
uncle in Hazleton, Pennsylvania.
Subsequently on March 14, 2012, [Appellant] was charged
with the following offenses: [p]ossession of Marijuana, 35
Pa.C.S.A. § 780-113(a)(31); [u]se/[p]ossession of [d]rug
[p]araphernalia, 35 Pa.C.S.A § 780-113(a)(32); and [p]ublic
[d]runkenness, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5505, docketed to 12 CR 633. On
April 11, 2012, [Appellant] pled guilty to [p]ublic [d]runkeness.
. . . On that same date, a Gagnon II[2] hearing was held
regarding 08 CR 254[9]. During the hearing, [Appellant] was
found in violation of his probation and a . . . SIP[] sentence was
recommended. Because [Appellant] indicated an ignorance of
the SIP program, [the trial court] revoked [Appellant’s]
probation and deferred sentence to provide [Appellant] with
meaningful consideration of the program. On May 22, 2012,
[Appellant] indicated an unwillingness to be evaluated for the
SIP program and sentence was imposed. On [docket number]
08 CR 2549, [Appellant] was sentenced to a term of three (3) to
six (6) years state incarceration. On [docket number] 12 CR
633, [Appellant] was sentenced to a consecutive forty-five (45)
to ninety (90) days[’] incarceration. [Appellant] received
[recidivism risk reduction incentive (RRRI)] eligibility and was
given credit for time served from March 4, 2012.
On July 31, 2012, after granting [Appellant’]s [m]otion for
[r]econsideration, [the trial court] vacated [Appellant’s]
sentence and ordered him to be evaluated for the SIP program.
[Appellant] was admitted to the SIP program on October 23,
2012 and was sentenced to two (2) years in the SIP program
followed by four (4) years[’] probation on [docket number] 08
CR 2549 and a $300 fine on [docket number] 12 CR 633. A year
later on October 28, 2013, [Appellant] was expelled from the SIP
program for his lack of meaningful participation in the program
including multiple misconducts, program violations, possessing
contraband, cashing paychecks, presence in unauthorized areas,
failing to attend mandatory meetings, and lying to employees.
Accordingly, [Appellant] was sentenced to three and one half (3
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2
Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778 (1973).
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½) years to seven (7) years of state incarceration on [docket
number] 08 CR 2549. On [docket number] 12 CR 633,
[Appellant] was sentenced to a consecutive forty-five (45) to
ninety (90) day[s’] incarceration.
[Appellant] filed an [amended] [m]otion for
[r]econsideration on November 11, 2013[3] and a hearing was
held on December 5, 2013. At the time of the hearing,
[Appellant] sought two (2) types of relief. Specifically,
[Appellant] requested reconsideration of sentence, and RRRI
eligibility. At the time of the hearing, [the trial court]
acknowledged that the forty-five (45) [to] ninety (90) day
sentenced [sic] imposed on [docket number] 12 CR 633 should
be vacated based upon the previously imposed fine of $300.00,
which was imposed on October 23, 2012. Nevertheless, [the
trial court] did not find that [Appellant’s] numerous misconducts
warranted reconsideration. [The trial court] stated:
in regard to his violations, though, it wasn’t simply
for DATS [(drug and alcohol treatment services)]. In
fact, it says here he was discharged for receiving
numerous previous infractions. Besides failing to
attend [or] manage treatment groups, he’s
possessing contraband and lying to employees,
cashing paychecks, presence in unauthorized areas
and violating conditions. So it wasn’t something with
DATS. Further, he failed to progress in the program
despite multiple therapeutic interventions and
therefore—so [the trial court] will deny the other
part of the reconsideration.
([N.T. Reconsideration Hearing, 12/5/13 at 3-4]).
Accordingly, on January 13, 2014, [the trial court] denied
[Appellant’s] [r]econsideration of [s]entence in part and then
vacated [Appellant’s] sentence on [docket number] 12 CR 633.
[The trial court] granted eligibility for motivational boot camp.
Rather than impose RRRI eligibility, [the trial court] found that
the motivational boot camp program was more consistent with
[Appellant’s] individual rehabilitative needs. [The trial court]
further instructed that all previous conditions of [Appellant’s]
sentence remain in effect. On January 14, 2014, Appellant filed
a timely [n]otice of [a]ppeal to the Pennsylvania Superior Court.
Trial Court Opinion, 5/2/14, at 1-3. Following Appellant’s filing of a
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors complained of on appeal, in which he
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3
The docket indicates that Appellant filed the amended motion for
reconsideration on November 4, 2013.
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challenged the discretionary aspects of the sentence imposed, the trial court
issued a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion. In its opinion, the trial court concluded
that it did not abuse its discretion in sentencing Appellant to three-and-
one-half to seven years’ incarceration. Trial Court Opinion, 5/2/14, at 7-12.
Specifically, the trial court determined that, contrary to Appellant’s claim,
the sentence imposed was not excessive because it fell within the statutory
maximum. Id. at 11. The court noted that it duly considered all appropriate
factors and the record supports its reasons for the sentence imposed. Id.
On April 29, 2014, Appellant’s counsel filed a motion to withdraw as
counsel and filed an Anders brief, wherein counsel raises a single issue for
our review: “Whether the sentence imposed was inappropriately harsh and
excessive and an abuse of discretion?” Anders/Santiago Brief at 4.
When presented with an Anders brief, this Court may not review the
merits of the underlying issues without first examining counsel’s petition to
withdraw. Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287, 290 (Pa. Super.
2007) (en banc). It is well-established that, in requesting a withdrawal,
counsel must satisfy the following procedural requirements: 1) petition the
court for leave to withdraw stating that, after making a conscientious
examination of the record, counsel has determined that the appeal would be
frivolous; 2) provide a copy of the brief to the defendant; and 3) advise the
defendant that he or she has the right to retain private counsel, proceed pro
se or raise additional arguments that the defendant considers worthy of the
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court’s attention. Commonwealth v. Lilley, 978 A.2d 995, 997 (Pa. Super.
2009).
Instantly, counsel’s petition to withdraw from representation provides
that counsel reviewed the record and concluded that the appeal is frivolous.
Furthermore, counsel notified Appellant that she was seeking permission to
withdraw and provided Appellant with copies of the petition to withdraw and
her Anders brief. Counsel also advised Appellant of his right to retain new
counsel, proceed pro se, or raise any additional points he deems worthy of
this Court’s attention. Accordingly, we conclude that counsel has satisfied
the procedural requirements of Anders.
We next must determine whether counsel’s Anders brief complies with
the substantive requirements of Santiago, wherein our Supreme Court
held:
[I]n the Anders brief that accompanies court-appointed
counsel’s petition to withdraw, counsel must: (1) provide a
summary of the procedural history and facts, with citations to
the record; (2) refer to anything in the record that counsel
believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) set forth counsel’s
conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state counsel’s
reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous. Counsel
should articulate the relevant facts of record, controlling case
law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the conclusion that
the appeal is frivolous.
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. Here, our review of counsel’s brief indicates
that she has complied with the briefing requirements of Santiago. We,
therefore, conclude that counsel has satisfied the minimum requirements of
Anders/Santiago.
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Once counsel has met her obligations, “it then becomes the
responsibility of the reviewing court to make a full examination of the
proceedings and make an independent judgment to decide whether the
appeal is in fact wholly frivolous.” Santiago, 978 A.2d at 355 n.5. Thus,
we now turn to the merits of Appellant’s appeal.
Appellant essentially argues that the trial court abused its discretion in
sentencing him to three-and-one-half to seven years’ imprisonment for
PWID under 35 Pa.C.S.A. § 780-113(a)(30) following the revocation of his
SIP sentence.4
It is now well-settled that an appellant may challenge the discretionary
aspects of a revocation sentence before this Court. See Commonwealth v.
Cartrette, 83 A.3d 1030, 1034 (Pa. Super. 2013) (“To eliminate the discord
between what we seem to say and what we do, we unequivocally hold that
this Court’s scope of review in an appeal from a revocation sentencing
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4
The SIP program was created to “punish persons who commit crimes, but
also provides treatment that offers the opportunity for those persons to
address their drug or alcohol addiction or abuse and thereby reduce the
incidents of recidivism and enhance public safety.” 61 Pa.C.S.A. § 4102.
Further, the program was “designed to address the individually assessed
drug and alcohol abuse and addition needs of a participant and shall address
other issues essential to the participant’s successful reintegration into the
community, including, but not limited to, educational and employment
issues.” 61 Pa.C.S.A. § 4105. Here, as noted above, Appellant challenges
only the sentence imposed after the revocation of his SIP sentence, and not
the revocation of the SIP sentence itself.
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includes discretionary sentencing challenges.”). The standard of review for a
claim challenging the discretionary aspects of a sentence is settled:
Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the
judge, and will not be disturbed on appeal absent a manifest
abuse of discretion. An abuse of discretion is not shown merely
by an error in judgment. Rather, the appellant must establish,
by reference to the record, that the sentencing court ignored or
misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for reasons of
partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly
unreasonable decision.
Commonwealth v. Sheller, 961 A.2d 187, 190 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citation
omitted), appeal denied, 980 A.2d 607 (Pa. 2009). Trial judges enjoy
broad discretion in sentencing, because they are in the best position to
determine the proper penalty for an offense based on an evaluation of the
individual circumstances of that offense. Commonwealth v. Walls, 926
A.2d 957, 961 (Pa. 2007).
It also is well-settled that “[t]he right to appeal a discretionary aspect
of sentence is not absolute.” Commonwealth v. Dunphy, 20 A.3d 1215,
1220 (Pa. Super. 2011). Rather, where an appellant challenges the
discretionary aspects of a sentence, an appellant’s appeal should be
considered as a petition for allowance of appeal. See Commonwealth v.
W.H.M., 932 A.2d 155, 162 (Pa. Super. 2007). As we stated in
Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162 (Pa. Super. 2010):
An appellant challenging the discretionary aspects of his
sentence must invoke this Court’s jurisdiction by satisfying a
four-part test:
[W]e conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1)
whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal,
see Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the issue
was properly preserved at sentencing or in a motion
to reconsider and modify sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P.
[708]; (3) whether appellant’s brief has a fatal
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defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there is a
substantial question that the sentence appealed from
is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code, 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).
Id. at 170 (citing Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528 (Pa. Super.
2006)). Whether a particular issue constitutes a substantial question about
the appropriateness of sentence is a question to be evaluated on a case-by-
case basis. See Commonwealth v. Kenner, 784 A.2d 808, 811 (Pa.
Super. 2001), appeal denied, 796 A.2d 979 (Pa. 2002).
Here, Appellant has satisfied the first three requirements of the four-
part Moury test. Appellant filed a timely appeal to this Court,5 preserved
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5
Appellant was able to satisfy the first (timeliness) requirement of the
Moury test only because of a breakdown in the trial court’s operation. Here,
the trial court improperly informed Appellant that he had the right to file a
written post-sentence motion under Pa.R.Crim.P. 720 and that the filing of
such motion would toll the thirty-day appeal period. See N.T. Revocation
Hearing, 10/28/13, at 7. As a result, Appellant appealed to this Court on
January 14, 2014, a day after the trial court denied his post-sentence
motion titled “amended motion for reconsideration of sentence.” Contrary to
the information the trial court provided to Appellant, however, Pennsylvania
Rule of Criminal Procedure 708 governs the disposition of a motion to modify
a sentence imposed after a revocation hearing. Specifically, Rule 708
provides in pertinent part that “[a] motion to modify a sentence imposed
after a revocation shall be filed within 10 days of the date of imposition. The
filing of a motion to modify sentence will not toll the 30-day appeal period.”
Pa.R.Crim.P. 708(E); see also Pa.R.Crim.P. 720 Comment (“The disposition
of a motion to modify a sentence imposed after a revocation hearing is
governed by Rule 708.”). Thus, under Rule 708, which does not toll the
thirty-day appeal period, Appellant had thirty days from the October 28,
2013, judgment of sentence to appeal to this Court. Even though
Appellant’s appeal filed on January 14, 2014, is facially untimely under Rule
708, we will excuse the untimeliness because of the trial court’s
misstatement of the post-sentencing process. See Commonwealth v.
Parlante, 823 A.2d 927, 929 (Pa. Super. 2003) (We declined to “quash this
appeal because [the appellant’s] error resulted from the trial court’s
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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the issue on appeal through his motion to modify sentence, and included a
Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement in his brief.6 Thus, we must determine only if
Appellant’s sentencing issue raises a substantial question.
We have found that a substantial question exists “when the appellant
advances a colorable argument that the sentencing judge’s actions were
either: (1) inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code; or
(2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie the sentencing
process.” Commonwealth v. Phillips, 946 A.2d 103, 112 (Pa. Super.
2008) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 964 A.2d 895 (Pa. 2009). This
Court does not accept bald assertions of sentencing errors. See
Commonwealth v. Malovich, 903 A.2d 1247, 1252 (Pa. Super. 2006).
When we examine an appellant’s Rule 2119(f) statement to determine
whether a substantial question exists, “[o]ur inquiry must focus on the
reasons for which the appeal is sought, in contrast to the facts underlying
the appeal, which are necessary only to decide the appeal on the merits.”
Commonwealth v. Ahmad, 961 A.2d 884, 886-87 (Pa. Super. 2008)
(quoting Commonwealth v. Tirado, 870 A.2d 362, 365 (Pa. Super. 2005)).
A Rule 2119(f) statement is inadequate when it “contains incantations of
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
misstatement of the appeal period, which operated as a ‘breakdown in the
court’s operation.’”).
6
Rule 2119(f) provides that “[a]n appellant who challenges the discretionary
aspects of a sentence in a criminal matter shall set forth in his brief a
concise statement of the reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal with
respect to the discretionary aspects of a sentence.” Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f).
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statutory provisions and pronouncements of conclusions of law[.]”
Commonwealth v. Bullock, 868 A.2d 516, 528 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citation
omitted).
Here, Appellant asserts in his Rule 2119(f) statement “given the
nature of the violation, the sentence was excessive.” Anders/Santiago
Brief at 13. Specifically, he argues “the lower court imposed a more severe
sentence not due to any egregious facts surrounding the commission of the
crime or the particular need to protect the community, but rather imposed
its sentence as a punishment for his failure to complete the SIP program.”
Id.
Based on Appellant’s 2119(f) statement, we conclude that he has
raised a substantial question. See Commonwealth v. Simmons, 56 A.3d
1280, 1286 (Pa. Super. 2012) (“A claim that a sentence is manifestly
excessive such that it constitutes too severe a punishment raises a
substantial question.”); accord Commonwealth v. Kelly, 33 A.3d 638, 640
(Pa. Super. 2011); Commonwealth v. Ferguson, 893 A.2d 735, 737 (Pa.
Super. 2006). As such, we address the merits of Appellant’s sentencing
claim.
As noted earlier, we review any challenge to the trial court’s
discretionary aspects of sentencing under an abuse of discretion standard.
See Commonwealth v. Dodge, 77 A.3d 1263, 1274 (Pa. Super. 2013),
appeal denied, 91 A.3d 161 (Pa. 2014). The Sentencing Code, quoted
here in relevant part, governs our review:
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§ 9781. Appellate Review of Sentence.
(d) Review of record.--In reviewing the record the
appellate court shall have regard for:
(1) The nature and circumstances of the offense and
the history and characteristics of the defendant.
(2) The opportunity of the sentencing court to
observe the defendant, including any presentence
investigation.
(3) The findings upon which the sentence was based.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(d)(1-3).7
A sentence may be found unreasonable if it fails to properly
account for these . . . statutory factors. A sentence may also be
found unreasonable if the sentence was imposed without express
or implicit consideration by the sentencing court of the general
standards applicable to sentencing [under 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9721(b)]. These general standards mandate that a sentencing
court impose a sentence consistent with the protection of the
public, the gravity of the offense as it relates to the impact on
the life of the victim and on the community, and the
rehabilitative needs of the defendant.
Sheller, 961 A.2d at 191 (internal citation and quotation marks omitted).
Instantly, it is undisputed that the trial court imposed upon Appellant a
sentence of three-and-one-half to seven years’ imprisonment, which fell well
within the statutory maximum. See 35 Pa.C.S.A. § 780-113(f)(1.1)
(imprisonment sentence not to exceed ten years). Thus, the essential issue
we must resolve is whether the sentence imposed is reasonable. In this
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7
The sentencing guidelines do not apply to sentences imposed because of
intermediate punishment revocation. See Commonwealth v. Philipp, 709
A.2d 920, 921-22 (Pa. Super. 1998); see also 204 Pa. Code § 303.1(b)
(“The sentencing guidelines do not apply to sentences imposed as a result of
. . . intermediate punishment.”). Therefore, to the extent Appellant argues
that his sentence fell outside of the sentencing guidelines, we reject such
argument.
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regard, we consider the above-mentioned three Section 9781(d) factors.
See Sheller, 961 A.2d at 190-91.
First, the trial court had the benefit of a presentence investigation
(PSI) report, which indicates that the trial court was aware of Appellant’s
character and circumstances, and weighed those considerations in imposing
the sentence. See Moury, 992 A.2d at 171 (“Where the sentencing court
had the benefit of a [PSI], we can assume the sentencing court was aware of
relevant information regarding the defendant’s character and weighed those
considerations along with mitigating statutory factors.”) (internal citation
omitted).
Second, as the trial court judge explained, he was familiar with
Appellant. Specifically, the judge noted:
[The trial court] became familiar with [Appellant] through
imposition of [Appellant’s] original sentence on March 30, 2009,
[Appellant’s] revocation of probation and sentence on May 22,
2012, [Appellant’s] SIP sentence on October 23, 2012, the
subsequent expulsion and sentencing on October 28, 2013, and
[Appellant’s] reconsideration of sentence on December 5, 2013.
Throughout [the trial court’s] numerous interactions with
[Appellant], [the court] repeatedly revisited [Appellant’s] file and
referenced knowledge of the facts of the crime and the character
of the offender[.]
Trial Court Opinion, 5/2/14, at 7. Lastly, based on our review of the entire
record, we conclude that the trial court satisfied the remaining Section
9781(d) factor (findings). The trial court’s findings of fact were supported
by record evidence. Accordingly, we conclude the trial court did not abuse
its discretion in sentencing Appellant to three-and-one-half to seven years’
imprisonment and that the sentence imposed was not unreasonable.
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Next, to the extent Appellant argues that the trial court imposed an
unreasonable sentence because it sought to punish him for his failure to
complete the SIP sentence, we dismiss such argument as baseless. 8 Aside
from the fact that Appellant fails to point to any evidence of record to
substantiate this claim, we note the trial court was unambiguous in its
reasons for imposing the sentence. The trial court stated that it fashioned
the sentence imposed with an eye toward the need to protect the public and
the gravity of the offense in relation to the impact on the community. 9 See
id. at 9. Moreover, under the Sentencing Code, the trial court had the same
sentencing alternatives available to the court at sentencing following the
revocation of the SIP sentence as the alternatives available at the time of
initial sentencing. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9774(c) (“Upon revocation of a [SIP]
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8
Appellant does not allege that the trial court failed to consider his
rehabilitative needs under Section 9721(b). In fact, in light of the above
recitation of the facts in this case, we do not fault him for this decision. As
the record indicates, Appellant failed to avail himself of the many
rehabilitative opportunities provided by the trial court.
9
In recounting its reasons for the sentence imposed, the trial court found:
[Appellant has demonstrated resistance to treatment and
supervision by failing to attend mandatory meetings and failing
to provide meaningful participation. Moreover, [Appellant] has
refused to alter his pattern of antisocial conduct. [Appellant] has
lied to employees, possessed contraband, cashed paychecks,
and was present in unauthorized areas. In all likelihood, given
[Appellant’s] indifference to rehabilitation, rationalization of his
actions, and failure to comply with the conditions imposed by the
SIP program, [Appellant] will continue to commit criminal
offenses.
Trial Court Opinion, 5/2/14, at 10.
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sentence, the sentencing alternatives available to the court shall be the
same as the alternatives available at the time of initial sentencing.”).
We have conducted an independent review of the record and
addressed Appellant’s issue regarding the excessive nature of the sentence
imposed following his SIP sentence revocation. Based on our conclusion
above, we agree with counsel that the issue Appellant seeks to litigate in this
appeal is wholly frivolous. Also, we do not discern any non-frivolous issues
that Appellant could have raised. We, therefore, grant counsel’s petition to
withdraw and affirm the judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed. Petition to withdraw granted.
Judge Lazarus joins the memorandum.
Judge Mundy concurs in the result.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/10/2014
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