J-S79010-14
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
KYLE CANTRELL,
Appellant No. 2864 EDA 2013
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence entered September 27, 2013,
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
Criminal Division, at No(s): CP-51-CR-0002695-2012
BEFORE: ALLEN, OLSON, and STRASSBURGER*, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY ALLEN, J.: FILED DECEMBER 16, 2014
Kyle Cantrell (“Appellant”) appeals from the judgment of sentence
imposed after a jury convicted him of two counts of robbery and one count
each of possession of a firearm by a prohibited person, possession of a
firearm without a license, carrying a firearm on the public streets of
Philadelphia, and possessing an instrument of crime.1 We affirm.
The trial court summarized the pertinent factual background as
follows:
At approximately 11:40 p.m. on December 27, 2011, the
victim, John Uhl, met [Appellant] around 13th and Porter Streets
in South Philadelphia to lend Appellant a “little bit of money.” As
they were walking, [Appellant] warned the victim that he had a
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1
18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3701(a)(1)(ii) and (iv), 6105(a)(1), 6106(a)(1), 6108, and
907.
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to Superior Court.
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gun and he ordered the victim to give him all of his money. The
victim handed [Appellant] $910. [Appellant] fled but the victim
chased him nonetheless. The victim reached [Appellant].
Brandishing the gun, [Appellant] ordered the victim to stop and
walk away. [Appellant] threatened to shoot him and “fill him up
with lead” if the victim did not walk away.
Calling 911 to report the robbery, the victim described
[Appellant]. Police officers arrived at Shunk and Broad Streets,
one block from the robbery, and spotted [Appellant]; one of the
officers exited her vehicle, walking toward [Appellant,] who then
fled. While in pursuit, the officer saw [Appellant] throw a gun
into a concrete flower pot. Once [Appellant] was apprehended a
few minutes later, the gun was recovered.
Other officers in the area came to the victim, and brought
him to where [Appellant] was being detained. The victim
positively identified [Appellant,] who was placed under arrest.
Trial Court Opinion, 6/30/14, at 3 (citations to notes of testimony omitted).
Appellant was charged with the aforementioned crimes. A jury trial
commenced on June 25, 2013, at the conclusion of which the jury rendered
its convictions.
Following a sentencing hearing on September 27, 2013, the trial court
sentenced Appellant to a term of imprisonment of 7 to 14 years for robbery,
followed by 5 to 10 years for possession of a firearm by a prohibited person,
for a total of 12 to 24 years of imprisonment. Concurrent to the 12 to 24
year sentence, the trial court imposed sentences of 3½ to 7 years for
possession of a firearm without a license, 1 to 2 years for carrying a firearm
on the public streets of Philadelphia, and 1 to 2 years for possessing an
instrument of crime. No post-sentence motions were filed. Appellant filed a
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notice of appeal on October 1, 2013. Both Appellant and the trial court have
complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Appellant presents four issues for our review:
1. Whether Appellant is entitled to an arrest of judgment because
there was insufficient evidence to support his conviction of
Robbery (F1) in this case since the Commonwealth failed to
prove each and every element of the crime beyond a reasonable
doubt, specifically, the Commonwealth failed to prove that the
Appellant, during the course of a theft, inflicted serious bodily
injury or threatened to inflict serious bodily injury on another
where the alleged complainant stated that he had no recollection
of the incident and the Commonwealth failed to present
sufficient admissible evidence on the charge of Robbery (F1)?
2. Whether Appellant is entitled to an arrest of judgment because
there was insufficient evidence to support Appellant’s conviction
of Robbery (F2) where the Commonwealth failed to prove each
and every element of the crimes beyond a reasonable doubt,
specifically, the Commonwealth failed to prove that the Appellant
during the course of a theft, inflicted bodily injury upon another
or threatened another with or intentionally put him in fear of
immediate bodily injury where the alleged complainant stated
that he had no recollection of the incident and the
Commonwealth failed to present sufficient admissible evidence
on the charge of Robbery (F2)?
3. Whether the evidence was insufficient as a matter of law to
prove the crimes of possession of a firearm by a prohibited
person, persons not to possess a firearm, carrying a firearm
without a license and possessing an instrument of crime beyond
a reasonable doubt where the alleged complainant stated he had
no recollection of the events and the Commonwealth presented
no sufficient admissible evidence that the gun recovered by the
Philadelphia Police was ever possessed by Appellant?
4. Whether [A]ppellant is entitled to a new trial as the verdict was
not supported by the greater weight of the evidence?
Appellant’s Brief at 4-5.
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Appellant’s first two sufficiency claims pertaining to his robbery
convictions are interrelated. Appellant’s Brief at 10-15. Therefore, we
address them together.
Our standard when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence is
whether the evidence at trial, and all reasonable inferences
derived therefrom, when viewed in the light most favorable to
the Commonwealth as verdict-winner, are sufficient to establish
all elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. We may
not weigh the evidence or substitute our judgment for that of the
fact-finder. Additionally, the evidence at trial need not preclude
every possibility of innocence, and the fact-finder is free to
resolve any doubts regarding a defendant's guilt unless the
evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no
probability of fact may be drawn from the combined
circumstances. When evaluating the credibility and weight of
the evidence, the fact-finder is free to believe all, part or none of
the evidence. For purposes of our review under these principles,
we must review the entire record and consider all of the
evidence introduced.
Commonwealth v. Emler, 903 A.2d 1273, 1276–77 (Pa. Super. 2006).
To sustain Appellant’s conviction for robbery (serious bodily injury),
the Commonwealth was required to prove that in the course of committing a
theft, Appellant “threaten[ed] another with or intentionally put him in fear of
immediate serious bodily injury.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701(a)(1)(ii). “The
evidence is sufficient to convict a defendant of robbery under this section if
the evidence demonstrates aggressive actions that threatened the victim’s
safety. The court must focus on the nature of the threat posed by an
assailant and whether he reasonably placed a victim in fear of immediate
serious bodily injury. Additionally, this Court has held that the threat need
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not be verbal.” Commonwealth v. Jannett, 58 A.3d 818, 822 (Pa. Super.
2012) (citations and internal quotations omitted). “Serious bodily injury” is
defined as “[b]odily injury which creates a substantial risk of death or which
causes serious, permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment
of the function of any bodily member or organ.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2301.
To sustain a conviction for robbery (immediate bodily injury), the
Commonwealth was required to demonstrate that in the course of
committing a theft, Appellant “inflict[ed] bodily injury upon another or
threaten[ed] another with or intentionally put[] him in fear of immediate
bodily injury....” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701(a)(1)(iv).
Appellant argues that at trial, the Commonwealth presented testimony
that when Appellant initially encountered the victim and demanded his
money, Appellant did not threaten the victim with a gun. Appellant’s Brief at
10-13. Appellant asserts that only after the victim pursued Appellant did
Appellant point the gun at him. Therefore, Appellant maintains that the
threat with the gun occurred after the theft, and therefore the
Commonwealth failed to demonstrate that Appellant threatened the victim or
put him in fear of serious bodily injury or immediate bodily injury “in the
course of committing a theft”. Moreover, Appellant argues that his
statement “I have a gun”, which Appellant made before the victim handed
over his money, did not constitute a “threat”, and that any threatening
actions by Appellant subsequent to obtaining the victim’s money were
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triggered by the victim’s pursuit of Appellant. Accordingly, Appellant argues
that because he did not threaten the victim “in the course of committing the
theft”, the evidence was insufficient to sustain his robbery convictions.
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701(a)(2) provides:
An act shall be deemed “in the course of committing a theft” if it
occurs in an attempt to commit theft or in flight after the
attempt or commission.
(emphasis added).
Thus, when Appellant fled with the victim’s money, and the victim
pursued him, Appellant’s actions in pointing a gun at the victim occurred “in
the course of committing the theft”. The robbery was one continuous event,
beginning when Appellant demanded the victim’s money and fled with it, and
continuing when the victim chased Appellant for approximately a block and a
quarter; the theft ultimately culminated in Appellant pointing a gun at the
victim and halting the victim’s pursuit. N.T., 6/25/13, at 95-123. We
therefore agree with the trial court that the evidence was sufficient to
demonstrate that Appellant threatened the victim with a gun during the
commission of a theft to support Appellant’s robbery convictions.
In his third issue, with regard to Appellant’s convictions for possession
of a firearm by a prohibited person, possession of a firearm without a
license, and possessing an instrument of crime, Appellant contends that the
Commonwealth failed to present sufficient evidence to prove that he had
possession of a firearm, and that the evidence was insufficient to support the
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firearm convictions because at trial the victim claimed to have no
recollection. Appellant’s Brief at 14-15. We find no merit to this claim. As
the trial court explained:
The jury properly heard [the victim’s] preliminary hearing
testimony as substantive evidence in which [the victim] stated
that [Appellant] took all $910 that the victim had on him, and
then threatened him with a gun when the victim tried to get it
back. Viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth,
the evidence overwhelmingly demonstrates that [Appellant] was
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
***
[Appellant] told the victim he had a gun, pulled it out and
pointed it at [the victim] during the course of the robbery.
Shortly thereafter, while fleeing from police, [Appellant] threw
the gun into a flower pot. [Appellant] stipulated that he had
been convicted of Possession with Intent to Deliver under 35
P.S. § 780-113(a)(1). [Appellant] also stipulated that he had no
valid license to carry a firearm. Together, the evidence satisfied
each of the elements on all three weapons charges.
Trial Court Opinion, 6/30/14, at 4, 5-6 (citations to notes of testimony
omitted).
Although Appellant argues that the testimony of the Commonwealth’s
witnesses “so strained reason and credibility” that a jury could not have
relied on it to support a guilty verdict, this challenge to the credibility of
witnesses concerns the weight, not the sufficiency, of the evidence. Here,
Appellant failed to preserve a weight of the evidence claim with the trial
court at any time before sentencing or in a post-sentence motion as required
by Pa.R.Crim.P. 607(a). See Commonwealth v. Lofton, 57 A.3d 1270,
1273 (Pa. Super. 2012) (“[A] weight of the evidence claim must be
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preserved either in a post-sentence motion, by a written motion before
sentencing, or orally prior to sentencing. Pa.R.Crim.P. 607. Failure to
properly preserve the claim will result in waiver, even if the trial court
addresses the issue in its opinion.”). Accordingly, this claim is waived, and
Appellant’s fourth issue expressly challenging the weight of the evidence is
also waived for failure to preserve it in a post-sentence motion.
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/16/2014
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