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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
MICHAEL MCLEARY,
Appellant No. 1855 EDA 2013
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 4, 2013
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0002256-2007
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., DONOHUE, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED DECEMBER 22, 2014
Appellant, Michael McCleary, appeals from the judgment of sentence of
15-30 years’ incarceration and 5 years’ probation, imposed following his
conviction for involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, aggravated indecent
assault, unlawful contact with a minor, and endangering the welfare of a
child.1 After diligently attempting careful review, we quash his appeal.
Appellant was arrested and charged with the above-listed crimes and
related offenses—the latter of which were ultimately nolle prossed by the
Commonwealth—on December 18, 2006. The offenses are based on the
allegations of a juvenile complainant, K.D., the daughter of Appellant’s
____________________________________________
*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
Respectively, 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3123, 3125, 6318, and 4304.
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onetime girlfriend, A.M. K.D. was 8-years-old at the time when Appellant
sexually abused her. The abuse occurred during a weekend in October of
2006, when Appellant, K.D., and A.M. were housesitting for A.M.’s aunt.
A.M. spent most of that weekend in an upstairs bedroom of the house due to
a medical issue which caused severe swelling of her legs. This left Appellant
and K.D. alone together on the first floor for prolonged periods of time,
during which Appellant licked K.D.’s vagina, digitally penetrated her, and
exposed his penis to her.
Appellant’s sexual abuse of K.D. came to light several months later
when K.D. told fellow classmates at her daycare facility that Appellant liked
little girls. K.D.’s daycare teacher overheard K.D. and contacted a relative of
A.M., who, in turn, informed A.M. of K.D.’s comments. Later that evening,
K.D. revealed to A.M. the details of the sexual abuse she endured at
Appellant’s hands. The following day, A.M. took K.D. to a medical clinic for
evaluation and also contacted the police.
Appellant’s jury trial commenced on February 24, 2010, and the jury
returned its verdict on March 1, 2010, finding Appellant guilty of the above-
listed offenses. On June 4, 2010, the trial court sentenced Appellant to
consecutive terms of 5-10 years’ incarceration for involuntary deviate sexual
intercourse, aggravated indecent assault, and unlawful contact with a minor,
and five years’ probation for endangering the welfare of a child.
Subsequently, Appellant filed a timely, counseled post-sentence motion,
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which was denied by operation of law. He did not file a direct appeal at that
time.
On May 27, 2011, Appellant filed a timely, pro se PCRA2 petition
seeking reinstatement of his direct appellate rights nunc pro tunc, and PCRA
counsel was appointed to represent him. However, Appellant wished to
proceed with his petition pro se, and so the PCRA court conducted a
Grazier3 hearing to ensure that Appellant’s waiver of PCRA counsel was
voluntary. Having concluded that Appellant’s waiver of counsel was
voluntary, the PCRA court permitted counsel to withdraw and allowed
Appellant to proceed with his PCRA petition pro se. Ultimately, and by
agreement with the Commonwealth, the PCRA court reinstated Appellant’s
direct appellate rights nunc pro tunc.
Appellant then filed a timely, pro se direct appeal on June 5, 2013.
The trial court ordered Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of
errors complained of on appeal, and Appellant complied with that order
when he filed his Rule 1925(b) statement on August 23, 2013. Appellant
now presents the following issues for our review:
1) I, the Appellant / Aggrieved Party was intentionally denied
my proper Article III Constitutional Jurisdiction Proceeding,
by a Non-Common Law / Unconstitutional Crimen Falsi
Jury Trial, Conviction and Sentencing by De Facto Crimen
____________________________________________
2
Post Conviction Relief Act, 42 Pa.C.S. § 9541 et seq.
3
See Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998).
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Repetundarum Tribunal (Court) Official(s) without
Ecclesiastical Law Jurisdiction in violation of Article 1,
section 9, 10, 25, 26, to the De Jure Pennsylvania-Republic
Constitution and Article 1, Article 3, section 2, Article 4,
section 1, Article 6, section 1, 2, 3, the 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10,
13, and 14 Amendments to the De Jure Republic
Constitution for the United States of America as follows:
a. The conspiracy of two or more under the Color of
Law / Color of Authority, Intentional Extrinsic Fraud,
Willful Misconduct, Fraudulent Concealment, Denial
of Common Law Speedy Trial in violation of
Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(A)(2)(G); Lack of Grand Jury
Indictment; Defective Crimen Falsi Criminal
Information; Intentional Structual Jury ERRORS; and
Denial of Loyal Effectiveness, Zealous, Constitutional
Assistance of Counsel.
2) I the Defendant-In-Error, Appellant / Aggrieved Party was
intentionally denied a full and fair Constitutional Direct
Appeal or P.C.R.A. proceedings for three (3) years and
Seven (7) months, while the Crimen Repetundarum De
Facto Tribunal Official(s) used that to fraudulently file Tax
Forms and destroy evidence that was needed by me the
Defendant In Error, which is a major breakdown / Breach
of Constitutional Due Process. All of the De Fecto Color of
Law Respondents, Libellees, Appelles and third party
defendants, have intentionally violated my "Yahweh" God
given Unalienable Ecclesiastical and Common Law Rights
"With Prejudice" that are attached to my De Jure Peace
and Friendship Treaty that made and is attached to the de
Jure Constitution for the United States of America at Article
6, section 1, 2, 3, the 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 14 Amendments.
3) I, the Defendant-In-Error, Aggrieved Party and Appellant
was denied my Sui Jurist De Jure Soli, Jure Divino Self
Representation Status by special appearance along with
my Constitutional and Common Law Defense of Confession
and Avoidance pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
8 and mandatory rule 13 Counter Claim.
4) As living Soul Beneficiary of the Trust, Authorized Agent,
Entitlement-Holder-In-Due Course, Power of Attorney-In-
Fact with autograph for my Legal Fiction Surety / Ens Legis
Defendant,: MICHAEL FREEMAN MC LEARYTM Private Cestui
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Que Vie Simple Trust; as Defendant-In-Error, Aggrieved
Party and Appellant, all Constitutional / Common Law
P.C.R.A. Issues are issues at B.A.R. "Coram-Non-Judice" to
be included and / or incorporated by reference into the
Nunc Pro Tunc Appeal to which I am entitled to and are not
subject to "Censuring" by the Crimen Repetundarum
P.R.C.A. / Trial Judge-In-Fiction. (SEE: Pa. Constitution at
Article 5, section 9, the submitted 1925(b) and
incorporated Supplement P.C.R.A. Petition and the rejected
1925(a) Crimen Falsi, Coram-Non-Judice Opinion In ToTo).
Appellant’s Brief at viiii [sic] (reproduced verbatim).
As is immediately apparent, Appellant’s claims are as nonsensical as
they are complex. They constitute a gross deviation from the dictates of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure, as does the remainder of Appellant’s Brief. For
instance, Pa.R.A.P. 2116, which governs the “Statement of the Questions
Involved” portion of appellate briefs, requires that:
The statement of the questions involved must state concisely
the issues to be resolved, expressed in the terms and
circumstances of the case but without unnecessary detail. The
statement will be deemed to include every subsidiary question
fairly comprised therein. No question will be considered
unless it is stated in the statement of questions involved
or is fairly suggested thereby. Each question shall be
followed by an answer stating simply whether the court or
government unit agreed, disagreed, did not answer, or did
not address the question. If a qualified answer was given to
the question, appellant shall indicate the nature of the
qualification, or if the question was not answered or addressed
and the record shows the reason for such failure, the reason
shall be stated briefly in each instance without quoting the court
or government unit below.
Pa.R.A.P. 2116(a) (emphasis added).
The above-quoted portion of Appellant’s Brief, titled “Questions
Presented,” utterly fails to conform to the dictates of Rule 2116(a). Not only
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are Appellant’s issues not concisely stated, but what we can discern from
them indicates that each purported issue itself contains numerous claims of
error, although rarely is there a discernable claim therein that is
recognizable to us as anything but gibberish.
The argument section of Appellant’s brief is equally unintelligible. Rule
2119 provides that: “The argument shall be divided into as many parts as
there are questions to be argued; and shall have at the head of each part—
in distinctive type or in type distinctively displayed—the particular point
treated therein, followed by such discussion and citation of authorities as are
deemed pertinent.” Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a). Appellant’s Brief is subdivided, but
not remotely in a manner consistent with Rule 2119(a). The headings of the
subdivisions in the Argument section of Appellant’s Brief rarely direct our
attention to any cognizable legal question.
Additionally, Rule 2119(b) provides that:
Citations of authorities must set forth the principle for which
they are cited. Citations of uncodified statutes shall make
reference to the book and page of the Laws of Pennsylvania
(Pamphlet Laws) or other official edition, and also to a standard
digest, where the statutes may be found. Citations of provisions
of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes may be in the form:
“1 Pa.C.S. § 1928 (rule of strict and liberal construction)” and
the official codifications of other jurisdictions may be cited
similarly. Quotations from authorities or statutes shall also set
forth the pages from which they are taken. Opinions of an
appellate court of this or another jurisdiction shall be cited from
the National Reporter System, if published therein.
Pa.R.A.P. 2119(b).
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Appellant cites to countless authorities, many of which are simply
inapplicable in this jurisdiction or completely unrelated to the proposition for
which they are cited. Citations of court cases in Appellant’s Brief omit both
the year of publication and the page(s) upon which the alleged legal
proposition can be found, even when Appellant purports to directly quote
from those sources. Appellant’s brief also fails to comport with Rule 2119(c)
and Rule 2119(e), as he fails to cite to any portion of the record wherein his
claims of error were preserved for our review.
Appellant’s Brief also fails to conform to Rule 2135 (“Length of
Briefs”). That rule provides that “a principal brief shall not exceed 14,000
words.” Rule 2135(a)(1). “A principal brief that does not exceed 30 pages
when produced by a word processor or typewriter shall be deemed to meet
the limitations in paragraph (a)(1)[,]” however, “[i]n all other cases, the
attorney or the unrepresented filing party shall include a certification that
the brief complies with the word count limits.” Id. Here, the argument
section of Appellant’s Brief, alone, is made up of sixty pages. Yet, Appellant
has not provided us with a certificate of compliance pursuant to Rule
2135(d). Moreover, Appellant’s Brief is single spaced, and appears to be in
a font smaller than 14-point, in violation of Rules 124(a)(3) and 124(a)(4),
respectively.
Appellant’s Brief was also untimely filed. Initially, this Court ordered
Appellant to file a brief on or before January 28, 2014. On January 24,
2014, Appellant filed an application for an extension of time to file his brief.
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We granted Appellant’s application, and set a new deadline of March 31,
2014. Appellant then filed a second application for an extension of time to
file his brief on March 27, 2014. We granted his second application as well,
and set a new due date of April 28, 2014. Nevertheless, Appellant did not
file his brief until May 20, 2014.
Appellant did file a “Certificate of Service” with his brief, purporting to
establish that he attempted to file it with this court on March 31, 2014. It is
true that:
[W]hen the appellant is (a) acting pro se and (b) incarcerated at
the time he or she seeks to file an appeal, justice requires the
appeal to be deemed “filed” on the date that the appellant
deposits the appeal with prison authorities and/or places it in the
prison mailbox. The appellant bears the burden of proving that
he or she in fact delivered the appeal within the appropriate time
period. This rule is appropriately termed the “prisoner mailbox”
rule.
Commonwealth v. Jones, 700 A.2d 423, 426 (Pa. 1997); see also
Thomas v. Elash, 781 A.2d 170, 176 (Pa. Super. 2001) (extending the
prisoner mailbox rule to all pro se legal filings by incarcerated litigants).
Appellant’s self-serving “Certificate of Service” does not constitute
proof that he deposited his appellate brief with prison authorities and/or
placed it in the prison mailbox on or before April 28, 2014. Appellant could
have simply placed the earlier date on the certificate at a later time.
Furthermore, this ‘proof’ falls far short of what our Supreme Court accepted
as adequate proof necessary to invoke the “prisoner mailbox” rule in Smith
v. Pennsylvania Board Of Probation and Parole, 683 A.2d 278 (Pa.
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1996) (finding sufficient proof of timely filing under prisoner mailbox rule
where the appellant provided a cash slip indicating that his prison account
had been charged for postage on or before the applicable due date). See,
e.g., Commonwealth v. Chambers, 35 A.3d 34 (Pa. Super. 2011).
Moreover, it is simply not plausible that it took 50 days for Appellant’s brief
to make its way to our Prothonotary.
Even if it were timely, however, Appellant’s brief is simply
incomprehensible. As we reiterated in Commonwealth v. Greenwalt, 796
A.2d 996 (Pa. Super. 2002):
While this Court is willing to liberally construe materials filed by
a pro se litigant, we note that Appellant is not entitled to any
particular advantage because []he lacks legal training. As our
Supreme Court has explained, “any layperson choosing to
represent [himself] in a legal proceeding must, to some
reasonable extent, assume the risk that [his] lack of expertise
and legal training will prove [his] undoing.”
Consequently, [w]e decline to become … [A]ppellant's counsel.
When issues are not properly raised and developed in briefs,
when the briefs are wholly inadequate to present specific issues
for review, a Court will not consider the merits thereof.
Id. at 997 (internal citations omitted, gender terms re-altered).
Since the defects in Appellant's brief are substantial and preclude this
Court from conducting any meaningful appellate review, we quash this
appeal.
Appeal quashed.
Donohue, J. joins the memorandum.
Strassburger, J. files a dissenting statement.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/22/2014
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