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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE MATTER OF THE ADOPTION OF: IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
J.M.S. PENNSYLVANIA
APPEAL OF: S.S., NATURAL MOTHER No. 1231 WDA 2014
Appeal from the Order entered July 14, 2014
in the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County
Orphans’ Court, at No(s): 10 In Adoption 2014
IN THE MATTER OF THE ADOPTION OF: IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
J.E.S. PENNSYLVANIA
APPEAL OF: S.S., NATURAL MOTHER No. 1234 WDA 2014
Appeal from the Order entered July 14, 2014,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County
Orphans’ Court, at No(s): 10A In Adoption 2014
BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., PANELLA, J., and OLSON, J.
MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, J. FILED JANUARY 23, 2015
S.S. (“Mother”) appeals the orders entered on July 14, 2014, which
granted the petitions filed by Erie County Children and Youth Services
(“CYS”) to involuntarily terminate Mother’s parental rights to her minor
female child, J.M.S. (born in October 2006), and to her minor male child,
J.E.S. (born in November 2007), collectively (“Children”), pursuant to
section 2511(a)(2) and (b) of the Adoption Act, 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(2)
and (b). We affirm.1
1
The trial court also entered decrees terminating the parental rights of the
unknown biological fathers of both Children. The putative father for J.M.S. is
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In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court set forth the facts and
procedural history of the case. On August 15, 2013, the trial court
adjudicated the Children dependent, after CYS took them into custody on
July 30, 2013, due to accusations of sexual abuse, physical abuse,
inappropriate physical discipline and supervision, and Mother’s failure to
adequately address the Children’s behavioral and mental health issues. CYS
had been involved with Mother and the Children since December 1, 2008,
and there have been sixteen referrals to CYS from 2008 to 2013. See Trial
Court Opinion, 8/26/2014, at 3.
J.M.S. was found to be a victim of sexual abuse at an early age by
T.G., a friend and a temporary member of Mother’s household, as well as
J.M.S.’s caregiver. See id. J.M.S. was also sexually abused a second time
by the son of an in-home daycare provider. See id. at 3-4. Following the
abuse, J.M.S. acted out sexually and in an inappropriate manner. See id.
at 4. Mother took J.M.S. to the Crime Victim Center for therapy for her
sexual abuse, but Mother stopped taking J.M.S. because she felt that play
therapy was inappropriate for a rape victim. See id.
J.E.S. has severe mental health issues. Id. J.E.S. has been diagnosed
with Attention Deficit Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Post-
Traumatic Stress Disorder and Reactive Attachment Disorder. See id.
J.E.S.’s behavior problems began when he was two and a half years old,
P.G., who did not appear at the termination hearing; his whereabouts are
unknown. The fathers are not parties to this appeal.
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when he witnessed his sister’s rape by the in-home daycare center. See id.
J.E.S. was abused by a caregiver who was also a member of Mother’s
household. See id. Like J.M.S., J.E.S. acted out inappropriately in a sexual
and physical manner. Mother failed to engage in care to adequately address
J.E.S.’s mental health issues. See id.
In May of 2013, J.E.S. was admitted to Millcreek Community Hospital.
See id. at 5. J.E.S.’s discharge instructions recommended admission to a
residential treatment facility. The recommendation also included a family-
based mental health service. See id. Mother refused to comply with the
recommendations. In addition, two adolescent psychiatrists recommended a
residential treatment facility, but Mother also chose to ignore their advice.
See id.
By the time of Mother’s last referral to CYS, the evidence clearly
demonstrated that detention and adjudication were warranted. The
evidence revealed that Mother would tape the Children’s mouths shut and
place them in time-out in that condition for periods of time up to an hour.
See id. Mother also admitted that she would lock the Children in their
rooms throughout the day in order for her to have quiet time. In addition,
Mother also admitted that she locked them in their rooms at night so that
they could not eat any of the food in the kitchen. See id. Later, at the
adjudication hearing, Mother recanted her previous statement, and stated
that she locked the Children in their rooms because of the knives in the
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kitchen. See id. Mother further admitted that she hit J.E.S. in the penis
due to the fact that J.E.S. hit J.M.V. in the vaginal area. See id.
In addition, CYS was also concerned about the multiple caregivers to
which the Children were exposed to throughout their lives. CYS received
numerous referrals because a male household member physically abused the
Children. See id. at 5-6. In April 2013, CYS advised Mother to not allow
him to care for the Children. Mother ignored CYS and continues to use the
man as a caregiver despite CYS’s advice. See id. at 6.
Following adjudication of the Children, a dispositional hearing was held
on September 6, 2013, and a permanency plan was established. A
permanency plan was set up for Mother and the Children, and required
Mother to refrain from the use of drugs or alcohol; to complete drug and
alcohol treatment provided through the Agency; to complete an approved
parental skills education program and demonstrate the ability to provide for
the health, safety and welfare of the Children; to complete a mental health
evaluation; and to comply with treatment recommendations and
demonstrate mental health stability. See id. The permanency plan also
required Mother to attend visitation periods with the Children as scheduled
and to comply with the conditions established; to participate in counseling
directed toward learning how to exercise better judgment with the Children;
and to learn how to properly respond in light of the Children’s mental health
problems. See id.
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On January 29, 2014, a permanency hearing took place. The
evidence showed that Mother failed to comply with drug testing that had
been ordered; failed to complete a parenting skills class; failed to
demonstrate that she now had the ability to provide for the safety, health
and welfare of the Children, one of whom still suffered from the trauma of
seeing his sister raped; failed to comply with the recommendations made by
two adolescent psychiatrists for the treatment of her son; failed to
consistently visit with the Children as scheduled; and failed to participate in
counseling for herself so that she could begin to develop the skills necessary
to exercise better judgment in dealing with the Children and their mental
health problems. See id. at 6-7.
The record is replete with instances of non-compliance by Mother.
Mother’s progress addressing drug and alcohol issues was hampered by
Mother’s refusal to keep appointments to give samples for testing. See id.
at 6. Mother continuously refused to keep appointments to give samples for
testing and continuously had no-show positives, making excuses for her
failure to comply. See id. at 7-8.
Mother did not complete a parenting skills education program, nor did
Mother demonstrate the ability to adequately provide for the health, safety,
and welfare of the Children. Mother testified that she had back problems,
which made it difficult for her to sit through the hour and a half classes, and
that she was not permitted to stand during the classes since it was
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disruptive. Therefore, Mother still attends the parenting class, which should
have been completed, before the termination hearing. See id. at 8.
Moreover, Mother failed to complete a mental health evaluation and to
fully comply with recommendations for treatment in order to demonstrate
mental health stability. Mother’s testimony showed that she was evaluated
by a psychiatrist on October 15, 2013. However, after attending individual
therapy, Mother failed to attend her last appointments and failed to give a
reason for her absence. See id.
It is worth noting that Mother failed to participate in counseling
designed to teach her how to exercise better judgment with regard to the
Children and how to properly respond to the Children in light of their mental
health problems due to their sexual abuse. They discharged her for non-
compliance with the program.
Mother participated in a separate family therapy program at the
residential treatment facility where J.E.S. remains placed. However,
Mother’s efforts have been superficial, and she has yet to accept
responsibility for the removal of the Children from the home and the
behavioral issues, which the Children exhibit due to the trauma they suffered
while living in the home. See id. at 9.
Since the removal of J.M.S. from Mother’s home, J.M.S. is engaged in
therapy and has made improvements in her behavior. She is currently in a
foster home. At the time of the involuntary termination hearing, an adoptive
resource for J.M.S. had been located, and visitation had begun. The visits
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appear to be going well. See id. at 9. J.M.S. had not visited with Mother
since May of 2014, does not ask about Mother, and is thriving in her current
placement. See id.
J.E.S.’s situation is more problematic. J.E.S. remains in a residential
treatment facility and still has behavioral problems. J.E.S. is improving.
However, there is no adoptive resource for him. J.E.S. does not talk about
Mother and appears to have no bond with her. While J.E.S.’s situation is not
ideal, it is an improvement over living with Mother, where little, if anything,
was done to address his needs. See id. at 9-10.
By orders entered on July 14, 2014, the trial court involuntarily
terminated Mother’s parental rights to the Children. On July 28, 2014,
Mother timely filed notices of appeal. By order of this Court dated August
25, 2014, the cases filed at 1231 and 1234 WDA 2014 were consolidated
sua sponte.
On appeal, Mother presents three issues:
1. Whether the [trial] court committed an abuse of discretion or
error of law when it concluded that [CYS] established grounds
for termination under 23 Pa.C.S.A. Section 2511(a)(2)[?]
2. Whether the [trial] court committed an abuse of discretion or
error of law when it concluded that [CYS] established grounds
for termination under 23 Pa. C.S.A. Section 2511(a)(5)[?]
3. Whether the [trial] court committed an abuse of discretion or
error of law when it concluded that [CYS] established grounds
for termination under 23 Pa.C.S.A. Section 2511(b)[?]
Mother’s Brief at 6.
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Initially, we review the termination decree according to the following
standard:
[A]ppellate courts must apply an abuse of discretion standard
when considering a trial court’s determination of a petition for
termination of parental rights. As in dependency cases, our
standard of review requires an appellate court to accept the
findings of fact and credibility determinations of the trial court if
they are supported by the record. In re: R.J.T., 608 Pa. 9, 9
A.3d 1179, 1190 (Pa. 2010). If the factual findings are
supported, appellate courts review to determine if the trial court
made an error of law or abused its discretion. Id.; R.I.S., 36
A.3d 567, 572 (Pa. 2011) (plurality opinion)]. As has been often
stated, an abuse of discretion does not result merely because
the reviewing court might have reached a different conclusion.
Id.; see also Samuel Bassett v. Kia Motors America, Inc.,
34 A.3d 1, 51 (Pa. 2011); Christianson v. Ely, 838 A.2d 630,
634 (Pa. 2003). Instead, a decision may be reversed for an
abuse of discretion only upon demonstration of manifest
unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will. Id.
As we discussed in R.J.T., there are clear reasons for applying
an abuse of discretion standard of review in these cases. We
observed that, unlike trial courts, appellate courts are not
equipped to make the fact-specific determinations on a cold
record, where the trial judges are observing the parties during
the relevant hearing and often presiding over numerous other
hearings regarding the child and parents. R.J.T., 9 A.3d at
1190. Therefore, even where the facts could support an
opposite result, as is often the case in dependency and
termination cases, an appellate court must resist the urge to
second guess the trial court and impose its own credibility
determinations and judgment; instead we must defer to the trial
judges so long as the factual findings are supported by the
record and the court’s legal conclusions are not the result of an
error of law or an abuse of discretion. In re Adoption of
Atencio, 650 A.2d 1064, 1066 (Pa. 1994).
In re Adoption of S.P., 47 A.3d 817, 826-827 (Pa. 2012).
Termination of parental rights is governed by Section 2511 of the
Adoption Act, which requires a bifurcated analysis.
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Our case law has made clear that under Section 2511, the court
must engage in a bifurcated process prior to terminating
parental rights. Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the
parent. The party seeking termination must prove by clear and
convincing evidence that the parent’s conduct satisfies the
statutory grounds for termination delineated in Section 2511(a).
Only if the court determines that the parent’s conduct warrants
termination of his or her parental rights does the court engage in
the second part of the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b):
determination of the needs and welfare of the child under the
standard of best interests of the child. One major aspect of the
needs and welfare analysis concerns the nature and status of the
emotional bond between parent and child, with close attention
paid to the effect on the child of permanently severing any such
bond.
In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citing 23 Pa.C.S.A. §
2511). The burden is upon the petitioner to prove by clear and convincing
evidence that the asserted statutory grounds for seeking the termination of
parental rights are valid. See In re R.N.J., 985 A.2d 273, 276 (Pa. Super.
2009).
Instantly, the decrees terminated Mother’s parental rights pursuant to
§ 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b). This Court must agree with only one
subsection of 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a), in addition to § 2511(b), in order to
affirm the termination of parental rights. See In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380,
384 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc). Herein, we review the decrees pursuant
to § 2511(a)(2) and (b), which provide as follows.
(a) General Rule.—The rights of a parent in regard to a child
may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the
following grounds:
** *
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(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse,
neglect or refusal of the parent has caused the child to be
without essential parental case, control or subsistence
necessary for his physical or mental well-being and the
conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or
refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the parent.
***
(b) Other considerations.--The court in terminating the rights
of a parent shall give primary consideration to the
developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the
child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on
the basis of environmental factors such as inadequate housing,
furnishings, income, clothing and medical care if found to be
beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petition
filed pursuant to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not
consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions
described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the
giving of notice of the filing of the petition.
23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), (b).
The trial court found that, under § 2511(a)(2), the repeated and
continued incapacity of Mother caused the Children to be without essential
parental care, control or subsistence necessary for the well-being of the
Children, and that the conditions and causes of the incapacity cannot and
will not be remedied by Mother. In this case, evidence shows that not only
has Mother consistently displayed poor judgment through her non-
compliance with the permanency plan, but that Mother has endangered the
Children with inappropriate caregivers, lack of supervision, physical abuse
and inconsistent care for the Children’s behavioral and mental health. In the
termination proceeding, the focus is on the conduct of the parent and
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whether the conduct justifies the termination of parental rights. See In re
B., N.M., 856 A.2d 847, 854-855 (Pa. Super. 2004).
In this case, Mother’s history is well-documented in the record.
Although Mother has made some minimal progress with some of the
objectives in Mother’s plan, none of the objectives in Mother’s plan has been
completed. The trial court found that, until Mother completes the plan,
success cannot be declared, and that the importance of the service plan and
the goal it identifies for the Children cannot be overemphasized. See In re
J.S.W., 651 A.2d 167 (Pa. Super. 1994). In addition, the evidence clearly
demonstrated that Mother’s continued incapacity, abuse, neglect, or refusal
to parent could not or would not be remedied, despite CYS’s offering
reasonable efforts to assist in reunification with the Children. After a careful
review of the record, we find no merit to Mother’s argument concerning §
2511(a)(2).
Next, in reviewing the evidence in support of termination under section
2511(b), our Supreme Court recently stated as follows:
[I]f the grounds for termination under subsection (a) are
met, a court “shall give primary consideration to the
developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the
child.” 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(b). The emotional needs and welfare
of the child have been properly interpreted to include
“[i]ntangibles such as love, comfort, security, and stability.” In
re K.M., 53 A.3d 781, 791 (Pa. Super. 2012). In In re E.M.,
[620 A.2d 481, 485 (Pa. 1993)], this Court held that the
determination of the child’s “needs and welfare” requires
consideration of the emotional bonds between the parent and
child. The “utmost attention” should be paid to discerning the
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effect on the child of permanently severing the parental bond.
In re K.M., 53 A.3d at 791.
In re: T.S.M., 620 Pa. 602, 628-29, 71 A.3d 251, 267 (2013).
In reviewing the evidence, the trial court found that Mother does not
have a strong bond with the Children—neither Child has even asked about
her. The evidence reveals that J.M.S. is in a foster home and is receiving
the care that she needs. J.M.S. has also begun weekend visits with a
permanent adoptive resource. J.E.S. is in a residential treatment facility,
and has been showing progress in his treatment. Thus, the evidence reveals
that, once removed from Mother’s care, the Children have had no adverse
effects, and are thriving, despite Mother’s lack of progress. See N.T.,
4/11/14, at 77-83.
Although Mother may love the Children and desire an opportunity to
serve as their mother, a parent’s own feelings of love and affection for a
child, alone, will not preclude termination of parental rights. See In re Z.P.,
994 A.2d 1108, 1121 (Pa. Super. 2010); N.T., 7/12/13, at 59. We stated in
In re Z.P., a child’s life “simply cannot be put on hold in the hope that [a
parent] will summon the ability to handle the responsibilities of parenting.”
Id. at 1125. Rather, “a parent’s basic constitutional right to the custody and
rearing of his child is converted, upon the failure to fulfill his or her parental
duties, to the child’s right to have proper parenting and fulfillment of his or
her potential in a permanent, healthy, safe environment.” In re B., N.M.,
856 A.2d 847, 856 (Pa. Super. 2004).
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Accordingly, we affirm the orders terminating Mother’s parental rights
to the Children.
Orders affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 1/23/2015
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