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ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION III
No. CV-14-139
IN THE MATTER OF THE Opinion Delivered January 28, 2015
GUARDIANSHIP OF W.L., A MINOR
APPEAL FROM THE LOGAN
DAVID LINEHAM COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
APPELLANT [NO. 42P PR-2009-98]
V. HONORABLE DAVID H.
MCCORMICK, JUDGE
SARAH RACHEL HYDE ET AL. AFFIRMED
APPELLEES
RITA W. GRUBER, Judge
David Lineham appeals from the circuit court’s order denying his petition to terminate
a guardianship over his daughter, W.L. David argues on appeal that the circuit court clearly
erred in refusing to terminate the guardianship and in allowing W.L.’s maternal grandparents
to continue as guardians. We affirm the circuit court’s order.
W.L. was born on March 31, 2008, to David Lineham and Sarah Hyde in Virginia.
At the time, they were living with David’s parents in Mount Vernon, Virginia. In July 2009,
they moved into a nearby apartment in Alexandria, Virginia. W.L. also spent a considerable
amount of time with Sarah’s parents, appellees Anna and Dennis Hyde, who both lived and
worked in the Washington D.C. area but also maintained a residence on their farm in Logan
County, Arkansas.
The relationship between Sarah and David was tumultuous. Although there is some
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dispute regarding the reasons a guardianship was sought, David and Sarah both signed
consents allowing appellees to have a guardianship over W.L. on September 25, 2009. David
and Sarah permanently ended their relationship on October 31, 2009, and the order granting
the guardianship was entered on December 21, 2009. Shortly thereafter, appellees moved
with W.L. to their farm in Logan County, where W.L. has continued to live with them.
On September 25, 2010, David married Danielle. On December 27, 2010, David filed
a petition to terminate the guardianship over W.L. The circuit court held a hearing on
January 25, 2012, and entered an order denying David’s petition on April 9, 2012.1 In its
order, the court found that the guardianship continued to be necessary and that it was in the
best interest of W.L. for appellees to remain as guardians. The court specifically stated that
the guardianship was necessary to “maintain the normal parental responsibilities such as
providing food, clothing and financial support, which [David] has not provided.” The court
also found that the evidence demonstrated “a lack of a meaningful relationship” between
David and W.L. or between David’s new wife Danielle and W.L. Testimony indicated that,
as of the date of the hearing, David had visited W.L. in Arkansas only one time since
initiation of the guardianship in 2009 and had provided no financial support for W.L. The
circuit court awarded standard visitation to David. We refer to this order as the “first order.”
David did not appeal from the first order denying his petition, but he immediately
began exercising visitation, visiting W.L. in Arkansas on weekends and exercising his six-
1
After the hearing but before the court entered its order, Sarah filed a motion to
intervene, which the circuit court denied.
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week summer visitation with W.L. in Virginia. Evidence showed that David spent money
traveling to Arkansas to visit W.L. and purchasing clothes and toys for her. He did not,
however, provide any direct financial support to appellees. In October 2012, Sarah and
David filed competing petitions to terminate the guardianship and in December 2012, they
filed competing petitions for custody in the event the court terminated the guardianship. The
petitions for custody were consolidated into the guardianship. The court held a hearing in
August 2013. At the time of the hearing, Sarah was living in a trailer on her parents’ farm
with her new husband and their two-year-old son. David and Danielle lived in an apartment
in Virginia.
The court continued the guardianship, making the following specific findings:
7. This court finds from its previous ruling that David Lineham was determined
to be unfit, although specific wording to that effect was not used. Sarah Hyde has not
had her fitness addressed in any prior proceedings.
8. The Court places upon both biological parents a duty to put forth proof that
the conditions that necessitated the guardianship had been removed. If successful, the
Guardians would then have the burden of rebutting the presumption that termination
is in the minor child’s best interest.
9. While the Court finds that both biological parents failed to present proof at the
hearing on August 14th and 16th, 2013 as to what the conditions were at the time the
guardianship was established, the Court will still examine the evidence to determine
whether terminating the guardianship is in the best interest of the Ward.
10. After examination of the pleadings, documents, testimony, and all available
evidence, the Court finds that Sarah Hyde is unfit and that it would not be in the
Ward’s best interest to terminate the guardianship and return the Ward to Sarah
Hyde. Specific reasons supporting this determination may be found in the Court’s
letter opinion dated October 2, 2013, which was sent to all parties by facsimile
transmission.
11. After examination of the pleadings, documents, testimony, and all available
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evidence, the Court finds that David Lineham remains unfit as a parent. Specific
reasons supporting this determination may be found in the Court’s letter opinion
dated October 2, 2013 which was sent to all parties by facsimile transmission.
12. The Ward is 5½ years old and has lived with the Guardians since she was 5
months old. The Court believes that the testimony justifies the finding that
termination of the guardianship would not be in the Ward’s bests interest and that the
guardianship should remain in place. Specific reasons supporting this determination
may be found in the Court’s letter opinion dated October 2, 2013 which was sent to
all parties by facsimile transmission.
The court then dismissed David’s and Sarah’s petitions to terminate, ordered both to
pay child support, continued David’s standard visitation with W.L., and incorporated its
attached letter opinion by reference. In its letter opinion, the court recited the applicable law
and burdens of proof found in our supreme court’s opinion In re Guardianship of S.H., 2012
Ark. 245, 409 S.W.3d 307.
Our appellate courts review guardianship proceedings de novo, but we will not
reverse a finding of fact by the circuit court unless it is clearly erroneous. Furr v. James, 2013
Ark. App. 181, 427 S.W.3d 94. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is
evidence to support it, the reviewing court is left with a definite and firm conviction that a
mistake has been made. Id. When reviewing the proceedings, we give due regard to the
opportunity and superior position of the trial court to determine the credibility of the
witnesses. Id. Moreover, in cases involving children, we afford even more deference to the
trial court’s findings because there is no other case in which the superior position, ability, and
opportunity of the court to observe the parties carries a greater weight than one involving
the custody of minor children. Ford v. Ford, 347 Ark. 485, 491, 65 S.W.3d 432, 436 (2002).
On appeal, David argues that the circuit court’s order refusing to terminate the
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guardianship and allowing W.L.’s maternal grandparents to continue as guardians rather than
allowing him, W.L.’s father, to have custody is clearly erroneous. He specifically challenges
the court’s determination that it had found him to be unfit in its first order; that he failed to
present sufficient evidence that the guardianship was no longer necessary; and that appellees
presented sufficient evidence to overcome the presumption that termination of the
guardianship was in W.L.’s best interest.
We turn first to the governing law. Arkansas Code Annotated section 28-65-401(b)(3)
(Supp. 2013) provides that a guardianship may be terminated by court order if “the
guardianship is no longer necessary or for the best interest of the ward.” In applying this
statute, our supreme court has held that fit parents do not relinquish their fundamental liberty
interest in raising their children by consenting to a guardianship and, thus, are entitled to the
Troxel presumption in a proceeding to terminate that guardianship.2 In re Guardianship of
S.H., 2012 Ark. 245, at 14, 409 S.W.3d 307, 316. Specifically, the court held as follows:
A natural parent who has not been deemed unfit is entitled to the presumption that
he or she is acting in the child’s best interest, even after consenting to a guardianship.
Therefore, when a natural parent, who has not been deemed unfit and who has
consented to a guardianship, files a petition to terminate that guardianship, that parent
must put forth evidence that the guardianship is no longer necessary. Once the court
is satisfied that the conditions necessitating the guardianship have been removed, the
guardians shoulder the burden of rebutting the presumption that termination is in the
child’s best interest.
Id. at 15, 409 S.W.3d at 316–17.
In order for the presumption to apply, a parent must not have been deemed unfit.
2
See Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57, 68 (2000) (recognizing presumption that a fit
parent acts in the best interest of his or her child).
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David argues that the circuit court erred in finding that he had been found unfit in the
court’s first order. Although the court stated that it had previously found David to be unfit
in its first order, the court did not rely on that finding and instead applied the law set forth
in In re Guardianship of S.H. as if David were a fit parent. Indeed, in its letter opinion, the
court reasoned that since it had not made a fitness determination regarding Sarah in its
previous order,
the best way to examine the evidence in this case is to give both biological parents the
Troxel presumption that by seeking to terminate the guardianship of [W.L.] that they
are acting in the best interest of the child. This places upon the biological parents a
duty to then put forth proof that the conditions that necessitated the guardianship
have been removed. Then, if that burden of proof is met, the guardians have the
burden of rebutting the presumption that termination is in the child’s best interest.
Finally, if it is determined that the guardianship is no longer necessary, the court must
address the issue of custody as between Sarah Hyde and David Lineham[.]
The court continued in its letter opinion, finding that neither Sarah nor David presented
proof as to what the conditions were at the time the guardianship was established and thus
they failed to put forth proof that the conditions necessitating the guardianship had been
removed. Given the court’s examination of the evidence treating David as a fit parent and
its consequent decision to allow him to put forth evidence that the guardianship was no
longer necessary, its determination that it had previously found David unfit in its first order
does not cause its denial of David’s petition to be clearly erroneous.
David next argues that the circuit court erred in finding that he did not put forth
sufficient evidence that the guardianship was no longer necessary. In support of his argument,
he points to testimony of one of the guardians, Dennis, who thought the conditions
necessitating the guardianship had been removed. Dennis’s testimony was made in response
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to whether he thought his daughter, Sarah, was ready to parent W.L. Dennis did not oppose
terminating the guardianship if Sarah were to be awarded custody. But he made it clear that
he had concerns with David and thought that the guardianship was still necessary with regard
to David. Anna testified similarly. Although there was no testimony regarding precisely what
conditions necessitated the guardianship, the petition for guardianship stated with regard to
David that “the father of the minor child does not provide support or income to the mother”
and that the mother was without suitable income to support herself or the child. The petition
also stated that the child did not have regular medical care or a “consistent and stable home,
nourishment, and maintenance.”
David testified that he could provide and was providing medical insurance and that
his income was sufficient to support W.L. But the court noted that, in spite of his income,
David was not providing and had never provided any direct financial support to the guardians
for W.L. Despite appellees’ request that he help them with some of W.L.’s medical bills,
David provided no funds at all. David argues that no court order required him to pay child
support, apparently indicating the court was wrong to consider his failure to support W.L.
in its decision. The law in Arkansas has long been that a parent has a legal duty to support
his child, regardless of the existence of a support order. Fonken v. Fonken, 334 Ark. 637, 642,
976 S.W.2d 952, 954 (1998); see also McGee v. McGee, 100 Ark. App. 1, 6, 262 S.W.3d 622,
626 (2007) (stating that child support is an obligation owed to the child and, even in the
absence of a court order requiring a parent to support his or her minor child, a parent
continues to have a legal and moral duty to do so). We hold that the circuit court’s finding
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on the issue of the continuing necessity for the guardianship is not clearly erroneous.
In spite of the circuit court’s failure to find that the parties put forth sufficient
evidence that the guardianship was no longer necessary, the court still examined the evidence
to determine whether terminating the guardianship was in W.L.’s best interest. David argues
that the court’s finding that termination of the guardianship was not in W.L.’s best interest
was clearly erroneous. In examining best interest, the court recognized that David had
exercised his visitation during the year and a half before the hearing and that he had provided
clothing and toys to W.L. The court also noted that he had married and that he was currently
earning at least $5,000 per month. But the court was troubled by David’s seeming inability
to communicate or interact favorably with Sarah and W.L.’s guardians. The court pointed
to testimony that when David attended W.L.’s kindergarten graduation, he and his mother
refused to sit in seats with the guardians and Sarah and chose to remain in the back of the
room. The court also noted that David’s wife, Danielle, admitted to calling DHS on several
occasions to make reports that were later determined to be unsubstantiated. Danielle also
admitted to alerting authorities that Dennis was harboring a fugitive (Sarah) and making an
anonymous call to Dennis’s employer relaying the same information. Evidence at trial
demonstrated that David blocked phone calls from Sarah and appellees when W.L. was in
his custody. The court was troubled by another incident in which David had obtained
medical care for W.L. while she was in his custody but he refused to respond to repeated
requests from appellees to provide the medical records for W.L.’s medical file. He gave no
reason for his refusal other than that he simply had not responded. Finally, the court noted
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that there was a distinct difference in the attitude of David and the other parties while
testifying. David seemed disinterested in anything Sarah had to say, and appellees testified that
David was dismissive of them and would not communicate with them concerning issues
affecting W.L. Finally, the court was troubled by an incident over Christmas visitation in
which David lied to appellees regarding whether he was driving or flying with W.L. to
Virginia. Because of bad weather, David drove with W.L. to Virginia, but he told W.L. to
lie to appellees about it. Despite appellees’ repeated phone calls, David refused to accept or
return any phone calls from them for several days during this time. Although David denied
these accusations, the court found Dennis’s testimony more credible.
The court also recognized that W.L. was five-and-one-half years old and had lived
with appellees since she was five months old. The court found that it was not in W.L.’s best
interest to terminate the guardianship. Credibility of the witnesses is a matter for the circuit
court and, in cases involving children, we afford even more deference to the trial court’s
findings because there is no other case in which the superior position, ability, and
opportunity of the court to observe the parties carry a greater weight than one involving the
custody of minor children. Ford, 347 Ark. at 491, 65 S.W.3d at 436. Having reviewing the
record, we hold that the circuit court’s decision was not clearly erroneous.
Affirmed.
KINARD and BROWN, JJ., agree.
Taylor & Taylor Law Firm, P.A., by: Andrew M. Taylor and Tasha C. Taylor, for
appellant.
Clark & Murdoch, P.A., by: Timothy W. Murdoch, for appellee.
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