MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Feb 13 2015, 9:40 am
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Kimberly A. Jackson Gregory F. Zoeller
Indianapolis, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
J.T. Whitehead
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
William L. Holt, February 13, 2015
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
11A01-1406-CR-269
v. Appeal from the Clay Superior
Court
The Honorable J. Blaine Akers,
State of Indiana, Judge
Appellee-Plaintiff Case No. 11D01-1312-FC-912
Crone, Judge.
Case Summary
[1] William L. Holt appeals his convictions for class C felony battery resulting in
serious bodily injury and class A misdemeanor domestic battery resulting in
bodily injury. Holt argues that the trial court abused its discretion in instructing
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the jury, that the evidence is insufficient to support his convictions, and that his
convictions violate double jeopardy principles. We conclude that the trial court
did not abuse its discretion in instructing the jury and that the evidence is
sufficient to support his convictions. However, we agree with Holt that his
convictions violate double jeopardy principles. Therefore, we affirm his class C
felony battery conviction and vacate his class A misdemeanor domestic battery
conviction.
Facts and Procedural History1
[2] The facts most favorable to the verdicts show that Holt and V.H. had a
romantic relationship and lived together from July through December 2013. In
December 2013, they lived with Robert Grant, Jr., Brandy Thompson, and
Patricia Linville. Grant and Thompson were engaged and slept in their own
bedroom. Linville also had her own bedroom. Holt and V.H. slept on couches
in the living room. Late one December evening, Thompson returned home
from work. Linville was already in bed in her room. Thompson went to her
bedroom and watched television with Grant. V.H. came into their bedroom to
talk to them, while Holt remained in the living room.
[3] Holt came to the bedroom door and threatened V.H. He was angry and said
that he “was gonna punch her face in.” Tr. at 91. Grant told Holt that there
1
We remind Holt’s counsel that the statement of facts in an appellate brief should be stated in accordance
with the appropriate standard of review as required by Indiana Rule of Appellate Procedure 46(6)(b).
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would be no fighting, and Holt returned to the living room. About fifteen
minutes later, V.H. also returned to the living room. Holt started to argue with
her, but she told him that she did not want to argue and lay down on a couch to
go to sleep.
[4] Shortly after V.H. left their bedroom, Thompson heard her screaming and
crying. Grant and Thompson jumped up and went into the living room. Grant
saw Holt on top of V.H. with his knee in her chest. Then he saw Holt hit her
twice in the face. Grant told Holt, “[H]ey, that ain’t right. Get up out of my
house. You know, you gonna go to jail.” Id. at 108.
[5] Linville also came into the living room. She saw V.H. screaming and covered
in blood. V.H. told Linville that Holt hit her. Thompson and Linville took
V.H. to St. Vincent’s Hospital in Clay County. Holt also left. Grant stayed
behind to clean up the blood.
[6] Nurse Jennifer Reckerd treated V.H. at the hospital. Reckerd observed that
V.H. was crying and moaning, her face was swollen and bruised, and there was
blood in and around her mouth. Id. at 173. V.H. told Reckerd that she had
been beat up by her “boyfriend.” Id. at 190. V.H. was in severe pain, which
she described as ten on a scale of one to ten. Her appearance was consistent
with her description of the pain. Hospital examination of V.H. revealed
multiple fractures to her face. Hospital staff called the police and transferred
V.H. to St. Vincent’s Hospital in Indianapolis for “a higher level of care.” Id. at
194.
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[7] Before V.H. was transferred, the police arrived at the hospital. They were
unable to interview V.H., but they photographed her injuries. They also took a
statement from Thompson, and she gave them Grant’s address. The police
went to Grant’s house. Grant showed them the scene of the battery, which they
photographed. There was blood on the couch and walls. Grant also provided a
statement and told them that Holt was probably at his ex-girlfriend Lynn
Godsey’s house. The police then went to her house. She told them that she
knew why they were there, allowed them in, and took them to Holt. Holt had
told Godsey that he beat V.H. The police saw blood on Holt’s clothes, hand,
and fingernails, and they arrested him.
[8] The State charged Holt with class C felony battery resulting in serious bodily
injury and class A misdemeanor domestic battery resulting in bodily injury.
Following a two-day trial, the jury found Holt guilty as charged. The trial court
entered judgment of conviction on both verdicts. Holt appeals.
Discussion and Decision
Section 1 – The trial court did not abuse its discretion in
instructing the jury.
[9] The trial court gave the following jury instruction over Holt’s objection:
A person who has specialized education, knowledge, or experience is
permitted to express an opinion in those areas. You should evaluate
this testimony as you would other evidence in this case. You should
also consider the witness’ skill, experience, knowledge and familiarity
with the facts in the case.
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Id. at 297.
[10] “Instructing a jury is a matter assigned to trial court discretion, and an abuse of
that discretion occurs when ‘the instructions as a whole, mislead the jury as to
the law in the case.’” Hamm v. State, 826 N.E.2d 640, 641 (Ind. 2005) (quoting
Carter v. State, 766 N.E.2d 377, 382 (Ind. 2002)). “In reviewing a trial court’s
decision to give a tendered jury instruction, we consider (1) whether the
instruction correctly states the law, (2) is supported by the evidence in the
record, and (3) is not covered in substance by other instructions.” Munford v.
State, 923 N.E.2d 11, 14 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) (quoting Murray v. State, 798
N.E.2d 895, 899-900 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003)).
[11] Holt argues that the instruction informed the jury regarding expert testimony
and is unsupported by the evidence because no expert witness testified.2 The
instruction refers to a person “who has specialized education, knowledge, or
experience.” Tr. at 297. Reckerd, the nurse who treated V.H. for her injuries at
the hospital, testified at Holt’s trial regarding her observation and opinion of
V.H.’s injuries and pain. Nurse Reckerd had specialized education, knowledge,
and experience in treating trauma patients. Accordingly, the trial court did not
abuse its discretion in giving the jury instruction.
2
Holt concedes on appeal that the instruction correctly states the law and is not covered elsewhere.
Appellant’s Br. at 11.
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Section 2 – The evidence is sufficient to establish that Holt
was the person who battered V.H.
[12] Holt asserts that there was insufficient evidence to establish that it was he who
battered V.H.3 In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we consider only
the evidence and reasonable inferences arising therefrom supporting the
conviction without reweighing the evidence or judging witness credibility.
Henley v. State, 881 N.E.2d 639, 652 (Ind. 2008). “We will affirm a conviction if
there is substantial evidence of probative value such that a reasonable trier of
fact could have concluded the defendant was guilty beyond a reasonable
doubt.” Id.
[13] Here, Grant testified that he saw Holt hit V.H. in the face two times. Linville
testified that V.H. told her that Holt hit her. Nurse Reckerd testified that V.H.
told her that her boyfriend beat her. Godsey testified that Holt came to her
home late that night and told her that he beat V.H. Police saw blood at the
scene of the battery and blood on Holt’s clothes, hand, and fingernails. This is
more than sufficient evidence from which a reasonable factfinder could
conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that Holt was the batterer. Holt’s
3
To convict Holt of class C felony battery, the State was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that
he knowingly touched V.H. in a rude, insolent, or angry manner resulting in serious bodily injury.
Appellant’s App. at 20; Ind. Code § 35-42-2-1. To convict Holt of class A misdemeanor domestic battery, the
State was required to prove that Holt touched V.H. in a rude, insolent, or angry manner resulting in bodily
injury and that V.H. was living with Holt as if she were his spouse. Id.; Ind. Code § 35-42-2-1.3. Holt does
not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence as to any of the elements of these offenses other than the identity
of the perpetrator.
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argument is merely an invitation to reweigh the evidence and judge witness
credibility, which we must decline.
Section 3 – Holt’s battery and domestic battery convictions
violate double jeopardy principles.
[14] Holt contends that his convictions for class C felony battery resulting in serious
bodily injury and class A misdemeanor domestic battery resulting in bodily
injury violate the constitutional prohibition against double jeopardy and
requests that we vacate his domestic battery conviction. The Indiana
Constitution provides, “No person shall be put in jeopardy twice for the same
offense.” Ind. Const. art. 1, § 14. “Indiana’s Double Jeopardy Clause ...
prevent[s] the State from being able to proceed against a person twice for the
same criminal transgression.” Richardson v. State, 717 N.E.2d 32, 49 (Ind.
1999). “[T]wo or more offenses are the ‘same offense’ in violation of Article I,
Section 14 of the Indiana Constitution, if, with respect to either the statutory
elements of the challenged crimes or the actual evidence used to convict, the
essential elements of one challenged offense also establish the essential elements
of another challenged offense.” Id.
[15] “In addition to the instances covered by Richardson, ‘we have long adhered to a
series of rules of statutory construction and common law that are often
described as double jeopardy, but are not governed by the constitutional test set
forth in Richardson.’” Guyton v. State, 771 N.E.2d 1141, 1143 (Ind. 2002)
(quoting Pierce v. State, 761 N.E.2d 826, 830 (Ind. 2002)). One of these
categories prohibits “conviction and punishment for a crime which consists of
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the very same act as another crime for which the defendant has been convicted
and punished.” Id.; see also Richardson, 717 N.E.2d at 55 (Sullivan, J.,
concurring).
[16] To determine whether both of Holt’s convictions were based on the very same
act, we consider the evidence, charging information, final jury instructions (if
there was a jury), and arguments of counsel. Rutherford v. State, 866 N.E.2d
867, 871 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). Here, the charging information alleged that Holt
“knowingly touch[ed] [V.H.] in a rude, insolent, or angry manner” to support
both the class C felony battery and the class A misdemeanor domestic battery
charges. The evidence at trial showed that Holt hit V.H. in the face and caused
her injuries. The prosecutor argued that Holt’s act of hitting V.H. in the face
constituted the “touching” for both charges. Tr. at 279, 281. Thus, the very
same act formed the basis of both convictions. Furthermore, the fact that the
battery conviction includes serious bodily injury and the domestic battery
conviction includes bodily injury does not avoid the double jeopardy violation
because V.H.’s bodily injury is encompassed within her serious bodily injury.
The prosecutor told the jury as much at trial. Id. at 281. Therefore, we
conclude that Holt’s class C felony battery and class A misdemeanor domestic
battery convictions violate double jeopardy principles. See Vaughn v. State, 782
N.E.2d 417, 422 n.9 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003) (concluding that convictions for
battery and domestic battery arising out of same incident create double jeopardy
violation), trans. denied, superseded by statute on other grounds; Adams v. State, 754
N.E.2d 1033, 1035 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001) (concluding that Adams’s act of
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striking victim on head with ashtray was used to establish both the touching for
two battery counts and the act causing substantial risk of bodily injury for
criminal recklessness, thus creating double jeopardy violation).
[17] “When two convictions are found to contravene double jeopardy principles, a
reviewing court may remedy the violation by reducing either conviction to a
less serious form of the same offense if doing so will eliminate the violation. If
it will not, one of the convictions must be vacated.” Richardson, 717 N.E.2d at
54 (citation omitted). Because we cannot eliminate the violation by reducing
either conviction to a less serious form of the same offense, we order that Holt’s
conviction for class A misdemeanor domestic battery be vacated. See Jones v.
State, 523 N.E.2d 750, 754 (Ind. 1998) (vacating battery conviction because
information showed that identical touching was basis of second battery
conviction), abrogated on other grounds by Richardson.
[18] Affirmed in part and vacated in part.
Friedlander, J., and Kirsch, J., concur.
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