Filed 3/3/15 Hill v. Flandrich CA1/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
ANNLIA PAGANINI HILL,
Petitioner,
v.
THE SUPERIOR COURT OF SAN
FRANCISCO CITY AND COUNTY, A143208
Respondent; (San Francisco City and County
THERESA FLANDRICH, Super. Ct. No. CUD-14-648482)
Real Party in Interest.
BY THE COURT:1
Petitioner Annlia Hill is a landlord attempting to exit the business of renting
residential property in San Francisco pursuant to the Ellis Act; she is the plaintiff in
separate unlawful-detainer actions against her long-time tenants Theresa Flandrich and
Elaine Turner. Both cases were dismissed on August 26, 2014, after the appellate
division of the superior court directed the trial judge to grant the tenants’ motions to
quash service of Hill’s summonses and complaints. The appellate division concluded
that Hill had violated section 37.9A(f)(4)(E)(iii) of the San Francisco Residential Rent
Stabilization and Arbitration Ordinance (SFRO), which effectuates the Ellis Act,2 by
failing to notify Flandrich and Turner that she had extended the date the other’s unit
1
Before Kline, P.J., Richman, J., and Miller, J.
2
Further references are to the SFRO.
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would be withdrawn from the rental market. We conclude the appellate division
misconstrued the ordinance. Accordingly, we shall issue a peremptory writ of mandate
directing the appellate division to vacate its August 22, 2014 order granting Flandrich’s
writ petition, and to enter a new and different order denying the petition.3 We grant the
same relief in the separate case related to Turner.
Hill owns a rent-controlled building situated at the corner of Stockton and
Lombard Streets containing six residential apartments, two of which she occupies herself.
In April 2013, she served notice on each of her four residential tenants that she intended
to withdraw the building from the residential-rental market, and that they had 120 days to
vacate the premises. Three of them, including Flandrich and Turner, claimed a statutory
right to extend the 120-day period to a full year based upon their age or disability. Hill
did not dispute their claims.
Flandrich and Turner both remained past the April 2014 expiration of their
extensions, prompting Hill to file complaints for unlawful detainer. Both tenants filed
motions to quash under Delta Imports, Inc. v. Municipal Court (1983) 146 Cal.App.3d
1033, alleging that Hill failed to state a cause of action for unlawful detainer because she
had not strictly complied with the SFRO in four discrete ways. Relevant to this petition,
the motions alleged that Hill had violated the ordinance by failing to notify Flandrich that
she had extended Turner’s deadline to vacate, and vice versa.
After considering the parties’ briefing and holding a lengthy hearing, the trial
court rejected all of the tenants’ arguments and denied their motions to quash. Each
3
A peremptory writ in the first instance is appropriate in these cases. Our
Supreme Court has instructed “that a peremptory writ of mandate or prohibition [may]
not issue in the first instance unless the parties adversely affected by the writ have
received notice, from the petitioner or from the court, that the issuance of such a writ in
the first instance is being sought or considered. In addition, an appellate court, absent
exceptional circumstances, should not issue a peremptory writ in the first instance
without having received, or solicited, opposition from the party or parties adversely
affected.” (Palma v. U.S. Industrial Fasteners, Inc. (1984) 36 Cal.3d 171, 180.) Both
requirements are met here, as the prayer in each petition sought a peremptory writ in the
first instance and we have received opposition from each real party.
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sought writ relief from the appellate division, which shortly issued separate writs
directing the trial court to grant the tenants’ motions to quash. The appellate division
determined that, having extended Flandrich’s deadline to vacate, Hill was obliged to
notify Flandrich that she had also extended Turner’s deadline, and vice versa.
Hill filed timely writ petitions in this court, one related to Flandrich’s, and the
other related to Turner’s, case. On her motion, with permission from the Supreme Court,
we transferred the present petition, A143208 (real party, Flandrich), from Division Three
to Division Two, to which the other petition, A143207 (real party, Turner), had been
assigned, so both petitions could be considered together.
The Ellis Act was passed to give landlords the unconditional right to evict their
tenants when they want to “go out of business.” To accomplish a valid Ellis Act eviction,
a landlord must withdraw all of the residential units in a qualified building from the rental
market. She is thus prevented from evicting tenants whose rent is low while retaining
those whose rent is high. While the SFRO generally accords tenants 120 days’ notice to
vacate, a tenant who is disabled, or 62 or older, and gives proper notice, is entitled to a
full year to vacate after the landlord announces her intent to withdraw a building from the
rental market. (§ 37.9A(f)(4).) In that situation, “the owner may elect to extend the date
of withdrawal of any other units up to one year . . .” (§ 37.9A(f)(4)(C), italics added), and
“the owner shall give written notice to . . . the affected tenant . . . of the following: [¶]
(i) Whether or not the owner disputes the tenant’s claim of extension; [¶] (ii) The new
date [to vacate] if the owner does not dispute the tenant’s claim of extension; and [¶]
(iii) Whether or not the owner elects to extend the date of withdrawal to other units on
the property.” (§ 37.9A(f)(4)(E), italics added.) Strict compliance with statutory rules
for unlawful detainer is mandatory, and defective notice results in a complaint that fails
to state a cause of action. (Baugh v. Consumer Associates, Ltd. (1966) 241 Cal.App.2d
672.)
The appellate division read these provisions to require Hill to notify one elderly
tenant, Flandrich, that another elderly tenant, Turner, had secured an extended deadline to
vacate, as Flandrich had done. We cannot affirm this interpretation of the ordinance.
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The references to “other units” italicized above clearly contemplate other units occupied
by tenants not claiming to be elderly or disabled. Extending these other tenants’
deadlines to vacate is not a legal requirement, but an “elect[ion]” the landlord can make,
according to section 37.9A(f)(4)(C). Common sense reinforces this interpretation: When
a landlord is forced to remain in the rental business to accommodate an elderly tenant’s
entitlement to a full year’s notice to vacate, the landlord may elect to offer the same
extension to “other” (i.e. otherwise unqualified) tenants, so she can continue to collect as
much rent as the law allows for so long as she must remain in the rental business.
The appellate division’s contrary construction—requiring the landlord to notify
elderly or disabled tenants who have secured mandatory extensions when other elderly or
disabled tenants have also secured mandatory extensions—is untenable. Further, its
effect would serve no discernible statutory purpose. The SFRO is concerned with
landlords’ illegally retaining not their elderly or disabled tenants (who generally have
rented longer and thus pay lower rents), but their “other” tenants. Thus, a policing
function is served when tenants who qualify for the mandatory extension are assured of
being among the last to leave the building, and notified of what “other units” the landlord
has allowed to remain occupied for, at most, the duration of the mandatory extension.
There is no similar purpose served (and arguably an invasion of privacy) when one
elderly or disabled tenant is notified, in effect, that another tenant is elderly or disabled.
We decline to consider real party’s additional arguments for denying Hill’s petition. (See
Brown v. Superior Court (2011) 199 Cal.App.4th 971, 996.) We also deny her motion to
strike the declaration submitted with petitioner’s reply brief.
Let a peremptory writ of mandate issue directing the appellate division to vacate
its August 22, 2014 Order Granting Petition For Writ of Mandate, in case No. CUD-14-
648482, entitled Theresa Flandrich v. The Superior Court of San Francisco City and
County, and enter a new order denying the petition. To prevent further delays in the
superior court proceedings, this decision shall be final as to this court three days after its
filing. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.490(b)(2)(A).)
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