March 31 2015
DA 14-0473
Case Number: DA 14-0473
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2015 MT 95
IN RE PETITION OF MISSOULA COUNTY
PUBLIC SCHOOLS, MISSOULA, COUNTY,
Petitioner and Appellee,
v.
BITTERROOT STAR, MISSOULA INDEPENDENT, KECI,
Respondents and Appellees,
and
VALARIE ADDIS,
Respondent and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Fourth Judicial District,
In and For the County of Missoula, Cause No. DV-14-151
Honorable Karen S. Townsend, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Robert C. Myers, Montana Resources and Asset Protection PC,
Hamilton, Montana
For Appellee Missoula County Public Schools:
Elizabeth A. Kaleva, Megan D. Morris, Kaleva Law Office,
Missoula, Montana
For Media Appellees:
Peter Michael Meloy, Meloy Law Firm, Helena, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: February 25, 2015
Decided: March 31, 2015
Filed:
__________________________________________
Chief Justice Mike McGrath delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Valerie Addis appeals from the District Court’s Order and Memorandum filed July
18, 2014. We affirm.
BACKGROUND
¶2 Addis was formerly employed as supervisor of food services by the Missoula
County Public Schools (Schools), a public school district and a political subdivision of
the State of Montana. During her employment in 2010 the Schools conducted an
investigation of Addis and whether she had engaged in fraudulent or illegal financial
transactions. Following that investigation the Schools instituted disciplinary action.
Addis left the Schools position and filed a wrongful discharge suit.
¶3 The Ravalli County Commission appointed her to serve as Ravalli County
Treasurer. Subsequently, the Ravalli County Commission investigated irregularities in
Addis’ performance as Treasurer and imposed sanctions against her.
¶4 In January 2014 the respondent media organizations, the Bitterroot Star and
Missoula Independent (weekly newspapers) and KECI (a television station) requested
that the Schools release documents related to Addis’ termination as food services
director, and particularly records concerning the investigation of fraudulent or illegal
activity. The Schools notified Addis; she asserted that she had a right to privacy in the
documents and that they should not be released. The Schools released Addis’ resignation
letter and separation agreement and, in February 2014, commenced the present action in
District Court. The Schools sought an in camera review of the Addis documents and a
2
determination as to whether they should be released. The Schools took no position on the
release of the documents and stated that they had filed the petition to avoid being sued by
either the media outlets or Addis. The media outlets counterclaimed that the Schools
violated their rights by not immediately releasing all of the documents.
¶5 The media outlets moved for summary judgment, seeking an order that the
Schools release the documents. Addis appeared by brief, contesting the release of the
records. The District Court conducted an in camera examination of the Schools’ records
and concluded that Addis had a right of privacy in some of them and that those
documents should not be released. However, the District Court determined that six
documents that related to “misuse of public money, misuse of public facilities, and
careless management practices” should be released. The District Court found that the
Schools had acted prudently in filing the action, and granted summary judgment to the
Schools on the media outlets’ counterclaim. Addis appeals.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶6 This Court reviews a district court’s decision on summary judgment to determine
whether it is correct, using the same criteria under Rule 56, M. R. Civ. P. Pilgeram v.
GreenPoint Mortgage, 2013 MT 354, ¶ 9, 373 Mont. 1, 313 P.3d 839.
DISCUSSION
¶7 Addis contends that the District Court erred by either not determining or failing to
give sufficient consideration to whether the documents in question are documents of a
public body subject to public inspection. She contends that any documents found in her
personnel file are not public records and are not subject to disclosure.
3
¶8 The Montana Constitution, Article II, Section 9, provides that “[n]o person shall
be deprived of the right to examine documents . . . of all public bodies or agencies of
state government and its subdivisions except in cases in which the demand of individual
privacy clearly exceeds the merits of public disclosure.” “Public writings” are defined in
§ 2-6-101(2), MCA, but the range of documents that are held by public bodies and that
are subject to disclosure under the Constitution is broader. Bryan v. Yellowstone County
Elem. School Dist., 2002 MT 264, ¶¶ 34-35, 312 Mont. 257, 60 P.3d 381. The Schools
are clearly a public body for purposes of the constitutional right to know. Becky v.
Butte-Silver Bow School District No. 1, 274 Mont. 131, 136-37, 906 P.2d 193, 197
(1996). There is no blanket exemption from the right to know for documents simply
because they are contained in a personnel file. Billings Gazette v. Billings, 2011 MT 293,
¶¶ 23-24, 362 Mont. 522, 267 P.3d 11. We find no merit in Addis’ argument.
¶9 We concur with the District Court’s determination that the Schools followed a
prudent course in this matter. The Schools initiated a proceeding asking the District
Court to conduct an in camera review of the documents sought by the media, when both
the entities seeking the documents and the individual who was the subject of the
documents invoked important constitutional rights.
¶10 In the case of criminal records that may contain confidential criminal justice
information, § 44-5-303(5), MCA, provides that a prosecutor may initiate a declaratory
judgment action requesting an in camera review of the records and may ask the court to
determine whether the demands of individual privacy exceed the merits of public
disclosure. We agree that the initiation of a similar proceeding in this case seeking a
4
judicial determination regarding the release of personnel records in a non-criminal case
was an appropriate process for the Schools to invoke to resolve the request by the media.
We affirm the District Court’s exercise of its discretion in this matter, reviewing the
disputed documents and determining which should be released after balancing the
demand for individual privacy against the merits of public disclosure.
¶11 In a situation like this, balancing the public’s right to know with an individual’s
right to privacy requires a fact-specific analysis of the interests at stake to determine
whether the demands of individual privacy exceed the merits of public disclosure.
Billings Gazette v. City of Billings, 2013 MT 334, ¶¶ 14-15, 372 Mont. 409, 313 P.3d
129. The court must consider whether the individual has a subjective or actual
expectation of privacy, and if so whether society should recognize that the expectation is
reasonable. Havre Daily News v. City of Havre, 2006 MT 215, ¶ 23, 333 Mont. 331, 142
P.3d 864. Documents are not shielded from public disclosure simply because they are in
a public official’s personnel file when that official occupies a position of trust. Billings
Gazette, ¶ 22 (2011) (investigation report alleging that a police department clerk
misappropriated funds should be released because the clerk occupied a position of trust).
¶12 The District Court applied settled Montana law in reviewing the disputed
documents, concluding that Addis had an actual or subjective expectation of privacy in
some of the records in her personnel file. Those included information in the employment
application, a medical evaluation, beneficiary designation forms and “other benign
information that has no relationship to the investigation of misconduct.” As to the
records pertaining to the investigation of misconduct, the District Court found that they
5
concerned misuse of public money, misuse of public facilities and careless management
practices. The District Court found that Addis’ position as supervisor of food services
was “one of public trust because she was responsible for the expenditure of public
money.” Finally, the District Court concluded that Addis could have no reasonable
expectation of privacy in documents relating to a violation of public trust, citing the
similarities to the 2011 Billings Gazette case involving the clerk at the police department.
¶13 Under the facts of this case, the District Court determined that Addis did not have
a protectable privacy interest in the investigatory documents, and that any privacy interest
she had was outweighed by her position involving the public trust. The District Court
determined that “the public has a compelling and substantial interest in investigatory
documents concerning the misuse and misappropriation of public funds.”
¶14 The District Court conscientiously and correctly determined and applied Montana
law, and properly determined that the six disputed documents should be released. Addis
has not presented a substantial reason in fact or law to demonstrate that the District
Court’s decision was error.
¶15 Affirmed.
/S/ MIKE McGRATH
We Concur:
/S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT
/S/ JAMES JEREMIAH SHEA
/S/ PATRICIA COTTER
/S/ JIM RICE
6