MEMORANDUM DECISION
Apr 10 2015, 6:06 am
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
APPELLANT PRO SE ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Moussa Dahab Jody Dietsch, Esq.
Fort Wayne, Indiana Dietsch Law, LLC
Fort Wayne, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Moussa Dahab, April 10, 2015
Appellant-Respondent, Court of Appeals Case No.
02A03-1408-DR-282
v. Appeal from the Allen Superior
Court; The Honorable Charles F.
Pratt, Judge;
Massadjitte Abdelkerim, 02D07-1002-DR-103
Appellee-Petitioner.
May, Judge.
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[1] Moussa Dahab (“Father”) appeals the denial of his motion for a change of
custody.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[3] Father and Massadjitte Abdelkerim (“Mother”) were married on June 5, 1988.
Three children were born of the marriage: Ib.D., R.D., and Is.D. On July 27,
2012, the parties were divorced. Father was granted sole legal and physical
custody of Ib.D., and Mother was granted sole legal and physical custody of the
other two children.
[4] After the divorce, Father moved to Philadelphia with Ib.D., while Mother and
the other children stayed in Indiana. Mother had a subsequent child, who has a
different father than her other children.
[5] Father filed for modification of custody of Is.D. and R.D. The trial court
denied the request for modification and issued Findings and Conclusions
Regarding Custody and Parenting Time stating:
7. The [Father] also asserts that the [sic] neither child is doing well
academically and behaviorally.
8. In support of his contentions with regard to behavior and
academic concerns, [Father] submitted his Exhibits (A) and (B).
[Father]’s Exhibit (A) is a student history report for [Is.D.] for school
years 2007-08 through 2011-12. [Father’s] Exhibit (B) is a student
history report [for] [R.D.] for academic years 2008-09 through 2011-
12.
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9. The Court may only consider evidence with regard to
circumstances since the last custody order (I.C. 31-17-2-21).
Accordingly, the court will only consider academic year 2011-12 and
the current reports.
10. While in third grade (2011-12) the school records reflect that
[R.D.] had school infractions for violating bus rules, petty theft, failure
to comply with instructions and false information (See Respondent’s
Exhibit B). In contrast, [Mother]’s Exhibit (5), a Student Achievement
Report for school year 2013-14, reflects marked improvement in the
category of “Social/Behavior Development”. She received high marks
in each subcategory. Except for mathematics, [R.D.]’s grades are A’s
and B’s.
11. During school year 2011-12, [Is.D.] had school infractions for
being tardy and for unexcused absences. He also had behaviors in
2011 for hitting, biting, and inappropriate gestures. In April and
March 2012 he had infractions for inappropriate sexual behavior and
violation of bus rules. His academic scores were generally average
except for Multidisciplinary studies and Language Arts for which he
receive [sic] unsatisfactory marks.
12. The [Mother] caused [Is.D] to be seen by Dr. Atiya Khan of the
Fort Wayne Neurological Center. He was diagnosed Hydrocephalus,
ADHD and a seizure disorder. He was thereafter placed on
medications (Petitioner’s Exhibit 2). At a school conference in April
2014 attended by the Mother, the child was placed under an Individual
Education Plan (Petitioner’s Exhibit 1). [Is.D.]’s Student
Achievement Report for the 2013-14 school year reflects significant
improvement. On it his teacher wrote “[Is.D] has been doing better
than in the last few weeks.”
*****
21. As noted in the findings herein above, the children at one point
struggled both behaviorally and academically. Both children are now
demonstrating improvement. Thus, this Court cannot find and
conclude that there has been a substantial and continuing change of
circumstances with regard to the children’s adjustment to home or
school.
*****
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. . . Accordingly, this Court cannot conclude from the evidence that a
change of custody is necessary for the children’s welfare.
(App. at 26-29) (emphasis in original).
Discussion and Decision
[6] We first note Father proceeds pro se. A litigant who proceeds pro se is held to
the same rules of procedure that trained counsel is bound to follow. Smith v.
Donahue, 907 N.E.2d 553, 555 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied, cert. dismissed.
One risk a litigant takes when he proceeds pro se is that he will not know how to
accomplish all the things an attorney would know how to accomplish. Id.
When a party elects to represent himself, there is no reason for us to indulge in
any benevolent presumption on his behalf or to waive any rule for the orderly
and proper conduct of his appeal. Foley v. Mannor, 844 N.E.2d 494, 502 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2006).
[7] Father asserts the trial court abused its discretion when denying his request for
modification.
We review custody modifications for abuse of discretion, with a
preference for granting latitude and deference to our trial judges in
family law matters. In the initial custody determination, both parents
are presumed equally entitled to custody, but a petitioner seeking
subsequent modification bears the burden of demonstrating that the
existing custody should be altered. When reviewing a trial court’s
decision modifying custody, we may not reweigh the evidence or judge
the credibility of the witnesses. Instead, we consider only the evidence
most favorable to the judgment and any reasonable inferences
therefrom.
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Julie C. v. Andrew C., 924 N.E.2d 1249, 1256 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) (citations
omitted).
[8] The trial court entered findings of fact and conclusions of law when denying
modification.
The conclusions of law are reviewed de novo. But pursuant to Trial
Rule 52(A), we shall not set aside the findings or judgment unless
clearly erroneous, and due regard shall be given to the opportunity of
the trial court to judge the credibility of the witnesses. Factual findings
are only clearly erroneous where there is no support for them in the
record, either directly or by inference; a judgment is only clearly
erroneous when it applies an improper legal standard to proper facts.
In either case, we must be left with the firm conviction that a mistake
has been made.
Johnson v. Johnson, 999 N.E.2d 56, 59 (Ind. 2013) (internal citations and
quotations omitted).
[9] To modify a child custody order, the court must find modification is in the best
interest of the child and there is “a substantial change in one (1) or more of the
factors that the court may consider under section 8 and, if applicable, section
8.5 of this chapter.” Ind. Code § 31-17-2-21. The factors to be considered by
the trial court are:
(1) The age and sex of the child.
(2) The wishes of the child’s parent or parents.
(3) The wishes of the child, with more consideration given to the
child’s wishes if the child is at least fourteen (14) years of age.
(4) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with:
(A) the child’s parent or parents;
(B) the child’s sibling; and
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(C) any other person who may significantly affect the child’s
best interests.
(5) The child’s adjustment to the child’s:
(A) home;
(B) school; and
(C) community.
(6) The mental and physical health of all individuals involved.
(7) Evidence of a pattern of domestic or family violence by either
parent.
(8) Evidence that the child has been cared for by a de facto custodian,
and if the evidence is sufficient, the court shall consider the factors
described in section 8.5(b) of this chapter.
Ind. Code § 31-17-2-8.
[10] Father asserts that due to his educational level and language expertise, he is a
better choice for custody of Is.D. and R.D. Father presented school records
from the 2011-12 school year wherein Is.D. had four behavioral infractions and
R.D. had five behavioral infractions. Father testified as to his educational
qualifications and other relevant training he has attended. However, as noted
by Mother, these factors were in place before the original custody order. “The
court shall not hear evidence on a matter occurring before the last custody
proceeding between the parties unless the matter relates to a change in the
factors relating to the best interests of the child as described in section 8 . . . .”
Ind. Code § 31-17-2-21. Thus, the court made no error in determining the
evidence Father presented could not have justified a modification of custody.
See Gerber v. Gerber, 476 N.E.2d 531, 532 (Ind. Ct. App. 1985) (“modification of
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custody is warranted only when the moving party shows a decisive change in
conditions in the custodial home”).
[11] Mother submitted reports from the 2013-2014 school year showing Is.D. was
involved in an Individual Education Program (IEP) and had passing grades.
His Student Achievement Report also contains a handwritten notation that he
had been doing better in the last few weeks.1 R.D.’s Student Achievement
Report for 2014 showed all passing grades.2 As the evidence favorable to the
judgment confirms the court’s finding the “children are now demonstrating
improvement,” (App. at 21), we find no abuse of discretion in the denial of
Father’s petition for modification. See Miller v. Carpenter, 965 N.E.2d 104, 110
(Ind. Ct. App. 2012) (finding no justification for modification when no
substantial change exists).
Conclusion
[12] As Father’s evidence did not demonstrate a substantial and continuing change
warranting modification of custody, we affirm.
[13] Affirmed.
Robb, J., and Mathias, J., concur.
1
On appeal, Father questions the origin of this handwritten note but he did not object when it was entered
into evidence. Therefore, this claim is waived. See Brown v. State, 783 N.E.2d 1121, 1125 (Ind. 2003) (failure
to make a contemporaneous objection to admission of evidence waives claim on appeal).
2
Father now admits R.D. has improved since 2011. (Appellant’s Br. at 8.)
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