IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 14-1292
Filed May 6, 2015
IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF MISTY KLEMMENSEN
AND MICHAEL KLEMMENSEN
Upon the Petition of
MISTY KLEMMENSEN,
Petitioner-Appellant,
And Concerning
MICHAEL KLEMMENSEN,
Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Woodbury County, Mary Jane
Sokolovske, Judge.
A mother appeals the physical care and child support awards in the
dissolution of marriage decree. AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED AND REMANDED.
Andrew B. Howie of Hudson, Mallaney, Shindler & Anderson, P.C., West
Des Moines, for appellant.
Jeffrey T. Myers of Hutchison, Myers, Eckert & Vohs, Sioux City, for
appellee.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Tabor and Mullins, JJ.
2
TABOR, J.
The district court dissolved the marriage of Misty and Michael
Klemmensen and awarded physical care of their six-year-old daughter, K.L.K, to
Michael. Misty appeals that decision, asserting she should be the primary
caregiver because of Michael’s work schedules. In the alternative, Misty asks for
a right of first refusal for providing K.L.K’s care when Michael has overnight work
obligations. She also appeals the court’s denial of a $200 credit for her support
of another child and the court’s granting of Michael’s motion to reconsider.
After reviewing the record, we affirm the physical care award to Michael.
But we order three modifications of the decree. First, because it is in K.L.K.’s
best interest to spend the maximum amount of time with each parent, we modify
the decree to provide Misty with the right of first refusal when Michael’s work
requires him to be away from K.L.K. for twelve consecutive hours or more.
Second, we find Misty is entitled to the child support credit and remand for a new
child support calculation. Third, because Michael’s motion to reconsider was
untimely, we vacate the portions of the district court’s August 8, 2014 order
granting Michael’s requests pertaining to the tax dependency deduction and the
parties’ summer visitation rights.
I. Background facts and proceedings
Misty and Michael were married on May 7, 2007. They have one child
together, K.L.K., who was born in 2008. The parents separated in April 2013.
Misty filed for dissolution of marriage on July 29, 2013.
3
Michael is thirty-one years old and in good health. He stayed in the
marital home in Hinton, which was also his childhood home. Michael works as a
fireman for the State of Iowa, a volunteer for the Hinton Fire Department, and is
member of the Iowa Air National Guard. He also works part-time at Peak
Performance, a fitness center operated by a friend. In addition, Michael has
assisted his father with work projects, such as striping parking lots. Michael’s
work schedule as a fireman requires him to be on duty for twenty-four hours then
off duty for forty-eight hours. His guard service requires him to be gone one
weekend of every month.
Misty is thirty-seven years old and in good health. She currently works as
a receptionist at the Holton Clinic of Chiropractic in Hinton. She works 8:00 a.m.
to 6:00 p.m. on Mondays, Tuesday and Thursdays, and from 8:00 a.m. to 2:00
p.m. on Wednesdays and Fridays. After the separation, Misty temporarily moved
in with her mother. In October 2013, she began cohabitating with Dr. Nick Holton
at his house in Le Mars, which was approximately a sixteen-minute drive from
Hinton.
At the time of the dissolution trial, K.L.K. was five years old and attending
kindergarten in Hinton. She also attended before and after school care as
required by her parents’ schedules. Both parents believed that she had adjusted
well to spending time in two different homes.
Before trial, the parties agreed on most issues, including joint legal
custody. But the district court was left to decide physical care, visitation, and
4
child support. Both parents sought physical care.1 The court held trial on
February 13 and February 25, 2014. Misty called four witnesses; Michael
presented thirteen witnesses. Both parties testified themselves, and each
expressed positive views of the other’s parenting abilities.
On July 1, 2014, the court filed the decree, granting physical care to
Michael. Misty filed an Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.904(2) motion on July 9,
2014, asking the court to reconsider the decision on physical care as well as its
decision on a child credit.2 Michael filed his resistance on July 16, 2014.
Michael filed two motions to reconsider on July 17, 2014. The district court ruled
on all of these motions on August 8, 2014. The court denied Misty’s requests to
change physical care and for credit for support she paid for another child, but did
agree to recalculate child support in recognition that Misty would have
extraordinary visitation of at least 127, but not more than 147 overnights per
year. See Iowa Court Rule 9.9. The court granted Michael’s request that Misty’s
five weeks of summer visitation not be consecutive and his request to alternate
the dependency tax deduction. Misty now appeals.
II. Standard of review
We review custody and child support decisions de novo. In re Marriage of
Hansen, 733 N.W.2d 683, 690 (Iowa 2007). Although we decide the issues
1
In her petition, Misty asked for joint legal custody and joint physical care. In his
answer, Michael agreed to that request. But by the time of trial, Misty was seeking
physical care, as was Michael, though he testified that in the alternative he would favor
alternating weekly physical care of their daughter.
2
Misty has a sixteen-year-old son from a previous relationship. The child and his father
live in Tennessee. Misty has regular visitation as the child spends his summers with her.
Misty asserted she paid child support of $200 per month.
5
raised on appeal anew, we give weight to the factual findings, especially in
regard to witness credibility. In re Marriage of Witten, 672 N.W.2d 768, 773
(Iowa 2003). Decisions on the physical care of a child are made by considering
the child’s best interests. In re Marriage of Decker, 666 N.W.2d 175, 177 (Iowa
Ct. App. 2003).
III. Physical care
Misty seeks physical care of her daughter K.L.K. In granting physical care
to Michael the district court said, “In determining which parent would overall
promote the child’s best interest, the court finds that Michael is better up to this
task. The court finds that the physical care of K.L.K. should be placed with
Michael subject to Misty’s rights of visitation.”
Both Misty and Michael have proven parenting skills and strong bonds
with their daughter. They both participated in K.L.K.’s care before their
separation and both were active in her everyday activities. Likewise, both
parents speak positively of the other’s ability to care for K.L.K. Misty’s overriding
concern about placing physical care with Michael emphasizes his demanding
work schedules. Addressing that issue, the court said:
Michael although he does work numerous hours, he has placed
K.L.K. as his number one priority. He testified that he is solely
focused on K.L.K. and is not dating anyone. He remained in the
family home and believes that it is best for K.L.K. to likewise have
the family home as K.L.K’s principle residence. He does
acknowledge that Misty is a good mother but that he will provide a
stable, consistent and safe home for K.L.K. He testified that he will
support the relationship between K.L.K. and Misty.
6
In reviewing this decision, we consider an array of factors.3 See Iowa
Code § 598.41(3); In re Marriage of Winter, 223 N.W.2d 165, 166–67 (Iowa
1974). Our goal is to determine which parent “will do a better job raising the
child.” In re Marriage of Decker, 666 N.W.2d 175, 177 (Iowa Ct. App. 2003).
This is a close question because both Misty and Michael are more than suitable
custodians. The district court justified its physical care award to Michael as
follows:
The court has considered both parents for placement of K.L.K.
Each parent has their own assets that show that each is a good
parent to K.L.K. The court has also considered joint physical care
but this does not appear to be in the best interests of K.L.K. There
were issues of a lack of communication between Misty and
Michael. There is also the issue of Misty’s current living situation
and the fact that she now residing in Le Mars and having K.L.K.
needing to travel at least fifty percent of the time to attend school.
After reviewing the evidence and the testimony of the witnesses presented
at trial, we find no reason to reverse the district court’s decision. While we are
3
The pertinent factors in this case include:
a. Whether each parent would be a suitable custodian for the
child.
b. Whether the psychological and emotional needs and
development of the child will suffer due to lack of active contact with and
attention from both parents.
c. Whether the parents can communicate with each other
regarding the child’s needs.
d. Whether both parents have actively cared for the child before
and since the separation.
e. Whether each parent can support the other parent's relationship
with the child.
f. Whether the custody arrangement is in accord with the child’s
wishes or whether the child has strong opposition, taking into
consideration the child’s age and maturity.
g. Whether one or both the parents agree or are opposed to joint
custody.
h. The geographic proximity of the parents.
Iowa Code 598.41(3) (2013).
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less concerned than the district court about any detriment to K.L.K. from Misty’s
current living situation, we agree Michael’s home offers K.L.K. greater stability.
Michael’s supervisor, Dan Williams, testified about a firefighter’s work
schedule and the way shifts are assigned during the twenty-four hours on, forty-
eight hours off schedule. Williams explained this schedule allowed Michael to be
home twenty days a month. He also testified that on the days he is working,
“there’s always some flexibility as far as if a situation comes up and he needs to
take off.” Michael’s other employment and National Guard duty, while increasing
his work load, do not impede his overall ability to handle physical care of K.L.K.
Michael testified he was committed to spending as much time as possible
with K.L.K. and would also support his daughter’s relationship with her mother.
We find nothing in the record to dispute his testimony, and we give deference to
the district court as it “had an opportunity to view, firsthand, the demeanor of the
parties and evaluate them as custodians.” In re Marriage of Walton, 577 N.W.2d
869, 871 (Iowa Ct. App. 1998).
IV. Right of first refusal
In the alternative to physical care, Misty asked the district court to add a
provision to the decree requiring Michael to offer her the opportunity to care for
K.L.K. when he was unavailable to provide supervision due to an extended work
obligation before he utilized a third-party child care provider. This arrangement
has been termed a “right of first refusal” in our case law. See In re Marriage of
Lauritsen, No. 13-1889, 2014 WL 3511899, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App. July 16, 2014).
The court did not grant Misty’s request.
8
Our law requires a custody award that will “assure the child maximum
continuing physical and emotional contact with both parents” after divorce,
including “liberal visitation rights where appropriate.” Iowa Code § 598.41(1)(a).
Again, our primary consideration is the best interests of the child and in most
cases liberal visitation serves that interest. In re Marriage of Stepp, 485 N.W.2d
846, 849 (Iowa Ct. App. 1992).
Michael acknowledged he planned to have a member of his extended
family or another babysitter watch K.L.K. every third day when he was required to
work an overnight shift. He acknowledged this parenting plan did not maximize
K.L.K.’s time with both parents, saying: “I feel it would maximize her time with
me.” The following testimony from Michael was telling:
Q: Michael, why did you provide that Misty can have [K.L.K.]
one night a week? A: Because it would—to me it would make
sense to have it fall on one of the nights where I would either have
to have a babysitter or the family—or part of my extended family to
watch [K.L.K.]. I thought why not give Misty that night.
Q: And we heard testimony that she’s available any night of
the week, didn’t we? A: Correct.
He went on:
Q: Are you willing to have [K.L.K.] spend other nights during
the week when you are at work with her mom if she’s available? A:
Not at this time.
It is not clear why it would make sense to have Misty care for K.L.K. one
night per week when it works with Michael’s schedule, but not have the option to
care for her for additional nights if Michael will be required to arrange for a
substitute care provider. We conclude Misty should be given “the right of first
refusal” when Michael is required to work for twelve or more consecutive hours or
9
during his National Guard weekends if Misty does not already have visitation
scheduled with K.L.K. for that weekend. See Lauritsen, No. 13-1889, 2014 WL
3511899, at *3 (upholding right-of-first-refusal provision). From our review of the
record, we find Michael and Misty have been able to put aside their differences
when it comes to communicating about K.L.K. Accordingly, we do not believe
providing Misty a right of first refusal will result in heightened conflict between the
parents. Misty’s opportunity to refuse this additional time to care for K.L.K.
during Michael’s work obligations should be accomplished at the same time she
receives Michael’s six-month work schedule to set the six midweek days of
visitation as provided in the original decree. We recognize providing Misty this
right of first refusal may increase the percentage of the noncustodial parent’s
extraordinary visitation credit under the child support guidelines. See Iowa Ct. R.
9.9 (providing fifteen percent credit for 128 to 147 days and twenty percent credit
for 147 to 166 days). The district court should address this extraordinary
visitation credit during the remand for recalculating child support ordered in the
next issue.
V. Child support credit
Misty appeals the district court’s calculation of her child support claiming
the court failed to include the $200 per month she pays in support of a child from
a previous relationship. The district court found insufficient evidence to support
Misty’s payment in the record, though the amount was included on Misty’s child
support worksheet.
10
In our de novo review, we note that Misty claimed the $200 support
payment in her affidavit of financial status filed with the court on February 12,
2014. Michael acknowledges the payment in his motion resisting Misty’s rule
1.904(2) motion. We find this record sufficient to support her claim. We remand
for a recalculation of child support and for a hearing on what her support should
be going forward. The hearing on remand should address this issue along with
any other changes in child support calculations that arise from our modification of
the original decree.
VI. Michael’s belated motion to enlarge or amend
Under the rules of civil procedure, a party has fifteen days from the district
court’s filing of the decision to seek to enlarge or modify. See Iowa R. Civ. P.
1.904(2); Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.1007. Here, the district court filed the dissolution
decree on July 1, 2014. Fifteen days ran on Wednesday, July 16, 2014. Michael
filed both of his motions to “reconsider” on July 17, 2014, one day too late.4
Michael argues if his motions were untimely, the district court still had
discretion to address the issues of summer visitation and the tax dependency.5
The decree allowed Misty five consecutive weeks of summer visitation. The
decree did not mention K.L.K.’s contact with Michael during that period. In
response to Michael’s belated filing, the court amended the decree to break up
the five weeks of visitation, providing no more than two weeks could be
4
Michael claims his motions were timely because a holiday, the Fourth of July, occurred
during the fifteen days. Under Iowa Code section 4.1(34), legal holidays will only extend
the deadline if they fall on the last day for filing the motion.
5
Michael does not make an alternative argument that the appellate court should modify
the original decree regarding these issues.
11
consecutive. The court also amended the decree to direct the parties to claim
K.L.K. as a dependent on their income tax returns in alternating years.
Our courts have “always strictly enforced the time in which a party has to
file posttrial motions.” Estes v. Progressive Classic Ins. Co., 809 N.W.2d 111,
117 (Iowa 2012). After the deadline, a party cannot file posttrial motions. Id.
Therefore, we must vacate the district court’s amendment of the decree.
Costs on appeal are divided equally to Michael and Misty.
AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED AND REMANDED.