J-A03001-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN RE: ESTATE OF MARY L. BECHTEL, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
DECEASED AND LARRY E. BECHTEL PENNSYLVANIA
Appellees
v.
DONALD R. BECHTEL AND MICHAEL T.
BECHTEL
Appellants No. 1287 MDA 2014
Appeal from the Order Entered July 2, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County
Orphans' Court at No(s): 2209-1033
BEFORE: MUNDY, J., STABILE, J., and FITZGERALD, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY MUNDY, J.: FILED MAY 06, 2015
Appellants, Donald R. Bechtel and Michael T. Bechtel, appeal from the
July 2, 2014 orphans’ court order, imposing a surcharge of $17,230.40
against Donald1 for the breach of his fiduciary duty as attorney-in-fact for his
mother, Mary L. Bechtel (Decedent), entered on remand from a prior
decision of this Court. After careful review, we reverse and remand for
further proceedings consistent with this memorandum.
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*
Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
We refer to most of the parties in this appeal by their first name because
their surname is the same.
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A prior panel of this Court noted the facts and procedural history as
follows.
On April 9, 1996, as a result of injuries
she had sustained in a serious automobile
accident, the Decedent executed a Power of
Attorney (“POA”) naming her son, Donald, as
her attorney-in-fact, a designation which
remained in effect until the day of her death.
Pursuant to the authority granted by the POA,
Donald managed the Decedent’s finances,
paying her bills and depositing any income into
her bank account[s, including her Mid Penn
Bank checking account]. Donald and his wife,
Donna, to whom Donald had apparently
delegated some of his duties, were responsible
for writing hundreds of checks on behalf of the
Decedent and at the Decedent’s request.
…
On October 23, 2009, the Decedent died
testate and was survived by [her three sons,]
Donald, Michael and Larry [Bechtel, a residual
beneficiary under Decedent’s Will]. Shortly
thereafter, on November 5, 2009, Donald and
Michael were appointed coexecutors of the
Decedent’s Estate as provided in the
Decedent’s [] Will [] dated January 4, 2008. …
Orphans’ Court Opinion, 12/21/2012, at 2-3.
In re Estate of Bechtel, 92 A.3d 833, 835-836 (Pa. Super. 2014).
Larry, on behalf of the Estate of Mary L. Bechtel (Estate), filed
objections to Donald’s account of Decedent’s Mid Penn Bank checking
account. From 1996 until 2000, only Decedent and Donald, as her attorney-
in-fact, were able to issue checks from the account. On February 7, 2000,
Donna Bechtel, Donald’s wife, was added as an authorized signatory to the
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account. Id. at 836 n.2. On March 26, 2002, Decedent added Donald and
Donna to the checking account as joint owners with the right of survivorship.
Id.
On September 30, 2011, Donald filed an [a]ccount
with the orphans’ court for the period from 1996 to
2009. The [a]ccount showed [over 2,000] deposits
and withdrawals for the Decedent’s Mid Penn Bank
checking account for the years 1996-2009, and
included 36 checks with no identified payee. [From
1996-2009, there were 1,048 itemized expenses,
including 1,018 checks.] The checks without payees,
according to year, are as follows: 1999—four
checks; 2000—ten checks; 2001—nine checks;
2002—ten checks; 2003—two checks; and 2009—
one check. The largest unaccounted-for check was
Check Number 605, written on July 13, 1999, for
$10,000. The orphans’ court sustained Larry’s
objections to the Account, and surcharged Donald
$17,230.40—the total of the 36 checks—for breach
of fiduciary duty.
Id. at 837-838. In imposing said surcharge, the orphans’ court focused on
three of the 36 checks with no identified payee. Namely, the
aforementioned check number 605 for $10,000.00, check number 625,
dated October 6, 1999, for $2,790.00, and check number 698, dated
September 11, 2000, for $400.00. The orphans’ court found as follows.
Donald breached his fiduciary duty as the Decedent’s
attorney-in-fact in that he failed to “[k]eep full and
accurate record[s] of all actions, receipts and
disbursements on behalf of the principal.” 20
Pa.C.S. § 5601(e)(4). The testimony at the hearing
established that Donald and/or Donna had, while
preparing the [Decedent’s] Homestead for sale,
inadvertently destroyed several years’ worth of
financial records relating to Donald’s representation
of the Decedent. A thorough review of the record
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shows that Donald could not account for the
disbursement of at least thirty-six (36) checks
written while he was acting as the Decedent’s
attorney-in-fact. By this Court’s tally, the total of
the disbursements represented by these missing
checks was $17,245.40,[2] and it is that amount for
which Donald will be surcharged.
Orphans’ Court Opinion, 12/21/2012, at 4. The orphans’ court also
dismissed Donald and Michael’s request for counsel fees and costs.
Bechtel, supra at 837. Donald and Michael appealed to this Court.
A prior panel of this Court reversed and remanded, instructing the
orphans’ court to evaluate the sufficiency of the testimony presented by
Donald and the witnesses who testified on his behalf. Id. at 839-840.
Specifically, we directed the orphans’ court to analyze the 1999 checks and
evidence under the standard set forth in In re Strickler’s Estate, 47 A.2d
134, 135 (Pa. 1946), and to utilize Section 5601(e)(4) for the evidence and
checks issued from 2000 through 2009.3 Id. at 842. This Court noted
certain evidence that the orphans’ court did not discuss in connection with
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2
In response to Donald and Michael’s motion for post-trial relief, the
orphans’ court amended the amount of the surcharge to $17,230.40 to
correct a mathematical error. Id. at 837.
3
This Court explained that the effective date of Section 5601(e), which
codified certain fiduciary duties of an attorney-in-fact, was December 12,
1999. Prior to that date, Strickler established the duty of a fiduciary to
justify disbursements claimed by the fiduciary. Therefore, Donald, acting as
Decedent’s attorney-in-fact from 1996 until 2009, had to comply with the
Strickler standard for any checks issued prior to December 12, 1999 and
with Section 5601(e)(4) thereafter. Id. at 839.
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the surcharge. See id. at 840-842. Specifically, Appellants introduced a
chart that tracked gifts the Decedent made to her four sons4 between July
1996 and March 2003. Id. at 841. The chart showed that from 1996 to
2003, Decedent gave gifts totaling $273,500.00 to her sons, mostly in
$10,000.00 amounts. Id. Decedent’s granddaughter, Stacy Fenice, also
testified that Decedent gave her a $10,000.00 gift in May 1998 to assist her
in purchasing a townhouse. Id. at 842. There was also evidence of
Decedent loaning her family tens of thousands of dollars. Id. Regarding the
two other checks numbered 625 and 698, Appellants admitted into evidence,
without objection, a letter from counsel for Donald and Michael identifying
the payees for those checks. Id. at 840. Specifically, check number 625 for
$2,790.00 was made payable to J.H. Rissinger & Sons for new windows, and
check number 698 was for $400.00 to Eugene Adams, a dentist, for
dentures. Id. This Court explained that we were reversing and remanding
the case to the orphans’ court as follows.
In light of the unrebutted testimony discussed
above, and specifically the Decedent's history of gift-
giving to her sons, mostly in $10,000.00 amounts,
between the years 1996 and 2003, we conclude the
orphans’ court judge committed error in failing to
apply Strickler, supra, and evaluate the evidence in
order to answer the question of whether the
unaccounted-for checks issued in 1999 represent a
breach of fiduciary duty.
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4
In addition to Donald, Michael, and Larry, Decedent had a fourth son,
Harold Bechtel, who is now deceased.
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Furthermore, the orphans’ court judge imposed
a surcharge for every unaccounted-for check written
after December 12, 1999. The judge provided no
analysis as to how Donald failed to perform his
fiduciary duty under Section 5601(e)(4), given that
of 850 itemized expenses for the ten year period
from 2000 through 2009, there were only 32 checks
at issue, and the court specifically found that the
records were inadvertently destroyed.10 Again, we
conclude the orphans’ court judge committed an
error of law.
Accordingly, based on our review of the record,
we reverse the order of the orphans’ court regarding
the surcharge and remand for the court to use the
appropriate standards and analyze the evidence
thereunder.
10
We note that after March 26, 2002, the date the
Decedent changed the ownership of the Mid Penn
Bank checking account, any remaining amounts in
that account did not pass under her Will, but passed
directly to Donald and Donna as joint owners with
the right of survivorship.
Id. at 842 (footnote in original). Further, we “conclude[d] that the motion
[for counsel fees and costs] was timely and the orphans’ court erred in
finding that it was without jurisdiction to entertain the request for counsel
fees.” Id. at 843. No one filed a petition for allowance of appeal with our
Supreme Court.
Following remand, the orphans’ court, without conducting any further
hearings or receiving any additional evidence, issued its July 3, 2014
memorandum opinion and order that again imposed the $17,230.40
surcharge on Donald. Orphans’ Court Opinion, 7/3/14, at 4-5. The orphans’
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court reasoned that Donald and Michael “had the burden to justify all
disbursements through the use of proper vouchers or equivalent proof in
support of each disbursement[, and a] thorough review of the record reveals
that [they] had issued [36] checks which were not properly explained or
documented[.]” Id. at 2. Specifically, regarding the $10,000.00 check
(number 605), the orphans’ court found there was no evidence “as to who
received this money, nor was there any documentary evidence provided to
support the argument that [c]heck number 605 was similar to prior gifts.
Nor was there evidence to support a conclusion that the check ‘must have
been written to one of Decedent’s children or relatives.’” Id. at 3. With
respect to check numbers 625 and 698, for $2,790.00 and $400.00,
respectively, the orphans’ court concluded that the letter from Appellants’
attorney, which set forth the purported payees of said checks, “did not
provide any documentary evidence in support of this statement. Since this
letter was not prepared under oath, it does not even rise to the level of the
accountant’s unsupported testimony [under Strickler].” Id. Further, the
orphans’ court concluded that Donald had a fiduciary duty to maintain the
financial records, which he violated “by either personally destroying [the
records], or allowing [them] to be [inadvertently] destroyed by another[,]
after Decedent passed away. Thus, a surcharge was proper because Donald
failed to exercise common prudence, skill or caution in the performance of
his fiduciary duty.” Id. at 5, citing In re Miller’s Estate, 26 A.2d 320, 321
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(Pa. 1942). The orphans’ court scheduled a hearing to consider Appellants’
post-trial motion for witness fees, costs of suit, and reasonable attorneys’
fees, but cancelled the hearing after Appellants again filed a timely appeal
with this court.5
On appeal, Appellants present the following issue for our review.
Whether the orphans’ court erred in ordering the
surcharge of Donald R. Bechtel on remand in the
amount of $17,230.40[?]
Appellants’ Brief at 4.
We begin by noting our deferential standard of review.
The findings of a judge of the orphans’ court
division, sitting without a jury, must be accorded the
same weight and effect as the verdict of a jury, and
will not be reversed by an appellate court in the
absence of an abuse of discretion or a lack of
evidentiary support. This rule is particularly
applicable to findings of fact which are predicated
upon the credibility of the witnesses, whom the
judge has had the opportunity to hear and observe,
and upon the weight given to their testimony. In
reviewing the Orphans’ Court’s findings, our task is
to ensure that the record is free from legal error and
to determine if the Orphans’ Court’s findings are
supported by competent and adequate evidence and
are not predicated upon capricious disbelief of
competent and credible evidence.
When the [orphans’] court has come to a
conclusion through the exercise of its discretion, the
party complaining on appeal has a heavy burden. It
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5
The orphans’ court and Appellants have complied with Pennsylvania Rule of
Appellate Procedure 1925. The orphans’ court’s September 16, 2014
1925(a) opinion directs this Court to its July 3, 2014 memorandum opinion.
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is not sufficient to persuade the appellate court that
it might have reached a different conclusion if, in the
first place, charged with the duty imposed on the
court below; it is necessary to go further and show
an abuse of the discretionary power. An abuse of
discretion is not merely an error of judgment, but if
in reaching a conclusion the law is overridden or
misapplied, or the judgment exercised is manifestly
unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice,
bias or ill-will, as shown by the evidence of record,
discretion is abused. A conclusion or judgment
constitutes an abuse of discretion if it is so lacking in
support as to be clearly erroneous …. If the lack of
evidentiary support is apparent, reviewing tribunals
have the power to draw their own inferences and
make their own deductions from facts and
conclusions of law. Nevertheless, we will not lightly
find reversible error and will reverse an orphans’
court decree only if the orphans’ court applied an
incorrect rule of law or reached its decision on the
basis of factual conclusions unsupported by the
record.
In re Estate of Warden, 2 A.3d 565, 571 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citations and
quotations omitted).
On remand, the orphans’ court found that Appellants’ testimony and
evidence was not sufficient to justify each of the 36 unidentified checks
contained in Appellants’ accounting of Decedent’s Mid Penn Bank checking
account. Orphans’ Court Opinion, 7/3/14, at 2. The orphans’ court
concluded that the failure to explain the expenditures was a breach of
Donald’s fiduciary duty. Id. at 4. As a result, it imposed a surcharge on
Donald in the amount of those checks. Id. at 5. Upon careful review, we
are again constrained to reverse because the orphans’ court erred in
applying Strickler and Section 5601(e).
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An orphans’ court may surcharge an attorney-in-fact for the loss
caused by a breach of his fiduciary duty. In re Shahan, 631 A.2d 1298,
1303 (Pa. Super. 1993), appeal denied, 644 A.2d 1202 (Pa. 1994).
“Surcharge is the penalty for failure to exercise common prudence, common
skill and common caution in the performance of the fiduciary’s duty and is
imposed to compensate beneficiaries for loss caused by the fiduciary’s want
of due care. … [I]f the fiduciary exercise[s] judgment in good faith, he will
have done his duty.” In re Miller’s Estate, supra.
In general, one who seeks to surcharge a [fiduciary]
bears the burden of proving that the [fiduciary]
breached an applicable fiduciary duty. However,
when a beneficiary has succeeded in proving that the
[fiduciary] has committed a breach of duty and that
a related loss has occurred, we believe that the
burden of persuasion ought to shift to the [fiduciary]
to prove, as a matter of defense, that the loss would
have occurred in the absence of a breach of duty.
We believe that, as between innocent beneficiaries
and a defaulting fiduciary, the latter should bear the
risk of uncertainty as to the consequences of its
breach of duty.
In re Estate of Aiello, 993 A.2d 283, 289 (Pa. Super. 2010), quoting, In
re Estate of Stetson, 345 A.2d 679, 690 (Pa. 1975) (citations and footnote
omitted).
An attorney-in-fact has the fiduciary duty to, among other things,
account for distributions he makes independently on behalf of the principal,
but there is no duty to account for distributions made by the principal
herself. Bechtel, supra at 839; 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 5601(e)(4). Prior to the
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effective date of Section 5601(e)(4) in December 1999, “In re Strickler’s
Estate, supra, established the duty of a fiduciary to justify disbursements
claimed by him [through ‘[p]roper vouchers or equivalent proof’]. Under
Strickler, ‘[a]ccountant’s unsupported testimony is generally insufficient.’
Accordingly, the orphans’ court must evaluate the sufficiency of the
accountant’s testimony and evidence.” Bechtel, supra at 839 (emphasis
added, citations omitted). “Once the fiduciary has validated the
disbursements, the burden then shifts to the objector to disprove them.”
Id. (citation omitted). After the December 12, 1999 effective date of
Section 5601(e), “[a]n agent acting under a power of attorney has a
fiduciary relationship with the principal [and], the fiduciary relationship
includes the duty to[, among others,] … (4) Keep a full and accurate record
of all actions, receipts and disbursements on behalf of the principal.” 20
Pa.C.S.A. § 5601(e)(4) (emphasis added), deleted effective 1/1/15 and
moved to new 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 5601.3(b)(4) (“Agent’s duties”); see Pa. H.B.
1429, 198th Gen. Assem., Reg. Sess. (2014), Pa. Legis. Serv. Act No. 2014-
95. Therefore, the checks issued prior to December 12, 1999 should have
been reviewed in accordance with Strickler, with Larry’s initial burden, as
the objector, being to supply sufficient evidence the checks were issued by
Donald. Under Strickler, Donald has a fiduciary duty to account only for
those checks that he issued on Decedent’s behalf. Bechtel, supra.
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In this case, the orphans’ court erred when applying these standards.
The orphans’ court’s conclusion that Larry, as the objector, met his initial
burden of proving that Donald breached his fiduciary duty of keeping a full
and accurate record of all independent distributions that Donald made on
Decedent’s behalf, was not supported by competent and adequate
evidence. Specifically, the evidence does not show that Donald, in his
capacity as Decedent’s attorney-in-fact, independently issued any of the 36
unidentified checks on Decedent’s behalf, as opposed to Decedent issuing
the checks herself.
Regarding check number 605 for $10,000.00, issued on July 13, 1999,
Appellants presented unrebutted testimony that Decedent signed the check
as a gift. Appellants introduced a chart documenting Decedent’s history of
gift-giving to her sons, mostly in $10,000.00 amounts, from her Prudential
checking account.
[T]he chart showed Donald received $1,000.00 on
July 13, 1996; $10,000.00 in December of 1997,
1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002, and $6,000.00
on March 20, 2003. Harold received $10,000.00 in
December of 1997 and 1998, two separate
$10,000.00 amounts in December of 2000, and
$10,000.00 in December of 2001 and 2002. Michael
received $4,500 on July 13, 1996, $10,000.00 in
December of 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
and 2002, and $6,000.00 on March 20, 2003. …
Decedent gave her granddaughter, Stacy, a check
for $10,000 on May 6, 1998.
Bechtel, supra at 841. Donna testified that Decedent wrote and signed all
of these checks. N.T., 7/30/12, at 53.
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In contrast, there was no evidence that anyone other than Decedent
signed the checks. Donna testified that she did not sign check 605 because
she was not an authorized signatory on the Mid Penn account until 2000.
Id. at 52. Likewise, Donald testified that he did not remember signing check
605. Id. at 108-109. In addition, both Donna and Donald maintained that
they did not make gifts on Decedent’s behalf. Id. at 61, 108. Therefore,
under the Strickler standard, there was inadequate evidence from which
the orphans’ court could conclude that Donald made the $10,000.00
disbursement. Bechtel, supra at 839. Instead, the unrebutted evidence
showed that Decedent, not Donald, issued check 605 as a gift. Id. at 839,
842. Absent any contrary evidence provided by Larry, there is no
evidentiary support for the conclusion that Donald had a fiduciary duty to
account for the $10,000.00 check. Warden, supra.
The same is true for check number 625 for $2,790 issued on October
6, 1999. The evidence shows that Decedent, as opposed to Donald, made
this disbursement because the evidence clearly established that check 625
was issued to J.H. Rissinger & Sons for new windows at one of Decedent’s
rental properties. N.T., 7/30/12, at 21, 190, Appellants’ Exhibit 9, 2/17/11
Letter; Bechtel, supra at 840. This was a justified expenditure. See
Bechtel, supra at 839. Larry did not object to this evidence or introduce
any evidence to the contrary. See id. at 840. The orphans’ court erred in
refusing to consider this unrebutted evidence, admitted at the hearing with
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no objection. See id. Similarly, Larry did not present any evidence
regarding the two other checks with unidentified payees issued in 1999.6
Therefore, the trial court erred in concluding that Donald had a fiduciary
duty to account for these four checks.7 See Aiello, supra.
The third check specifically discussed by the orphans’ court was check
number 698, issued on September 11, 2000, for $400.00. Similar to the
previously discussed check 625, the evidence established that check 698
was issued to Dr. Eugene Adams, a dentist, as payment for Decedent’s
dentures. N.T., 7/30/12, at 21, 190, Appellants’ Exhibit 9, 2/17/11 Letter;
Bechtel, supra at 840. The orphans’ court again erred in rejecting this
evidence. See Bechtel, supra at 839. Larry did not object or introduce
any adverse evidence tending to show that Donald, rather than Decedent,
issued this check. See id. Therefore, the evidence was likewise inadequate
to conclude that Donald breached a fiduciary duty by failing to account for
this check. See generally 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 5601(e)(4).
The orphans’ court did not specifically discuss any of the remaining 31
checks with unidentified payees issued from 2000 through 2009. As with
the other checks, Larry failed to offer any evidence that Donald or Donna
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6
Check number 594 issued on June 11, 1999 for $50.00 and number 620
issued on September 8, 1999 for $105.00.
7
We note that Larry did not object to any of the 189 other checks issued
from the start of 1996 through the end of 1999, for $73,077.24.
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issued any of these 31 checks. See Aiello, supra. Although ten of the
checks, totaling $1,912.71, were issued after March 26, 2002, when Donald
and Donna were joint owners of the account, Donna testified that they only
used the account for Decedent’s expenses, and Larry did not present any
evidence to the contrary. N.T., 7/30/12, at 59.
In addition, the remaining 31 unaccounted for checks are de minimis
in amount and the evidence shows they were inadvertently, not
intentionally, destroyed by Donna when she was in the process of cleaning
out her house in anticipation of moving. Orphans’ Court Opinion, 7/3/14, at
4-5. From 2000 to 2009, the account shows 850 itemized expenses,
including 825 checks totaling $277,232.27. In contrast, the 31 checks at
issue amounted to $3,885.40, or less than one-and-a-half percent of the
value of all checks issued. In light of the 818 other legitimate, uncontested
transactions and the de minimis nature of the contested checks, we conclude
that there was no evidentiary support in the record to support the finding
that Donald breached any fiduciary duty or that a breach resulted in a loss to
the Estate. See Bechtel, supra at 842; Warden, supra; Aiello, supra.
Based on the foregoing, we conclude the orphans’ court erred when it
imposed a surcharge on Donald. As Donald and Michael are now the
prevailing parties, they may seek attorneys’ fees. See generally 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 2503. Accordingly, we reverse the orphans’ court July 2, 2014
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order, and remand for further proceedings on only Appellants’ post-trial
motion for witness fees, costs of suit, and reasonable attorneys’ fees.
Order reversed. Case remanded. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/6/2015
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