Filed 8/24/15 Leduc v. West Anaheim Medical Center CA4/3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION THREE
LANANH LEDUC,
Plaintiff and Appellant, G049895
v. (Super. Ct. No. 30-2010-00420798)
WEST ANAHEIM MEDICAL CENTER OPINION
et al.,
Defendants and Respondents.
Appeal from an order of the Superior Court of Orange County, Craig L.
Griffin, Judge. Affirmed.
Lananh Leduc, in pro. per., for Plaintiff and Appellant.
Wilson, Elser, Moskowitz, Edelman & Dicker and Dean A. Rocco for
Defendants and Respondents.
INTRODUCTION
Lananh Leduc appeals from an order taxing costs that she filed after losing
a court trial against her former employer, West Anaheim Medical Center (West
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Anaheim). West Anaheim moved for its costs, and Leduc objected on several grounds to
the amounts requested. She also asserted that the entire memorandum of costs should be
stricken for untimely filing.
We affirm the order taxing costs. The trial court may consider a late-filed
memorandum of costs so long as the opposing party is not prejudiced, and Leduc
presented no evidence of any prejudice. The amount of costs awarded is committed to
the trial court’s discretion, as is the reasonableness of the items requested. We cannot see
that the trial court abused its discretion in determining either the amount to be awarded or
the necessity to the conduct of the litigation of the items listed in the memorandum as to
which the court denied Leduc’s motion.
FACTS
After obtaining a judgment in its favor in Leduc’s wrongful termination
lawsuit, West Anaheim submitted a memorandum of costs in the amount of $29,128.
Leduc made a motion to tax various costs, which was granted in part and denied in part.
She also asked the court to strike the entire memorandum as untimely filed.
The trial court denied Leduc’s request to strike the memorandum of costs
entirely, finding that she had not shown any prejudice, even assuming the memorandum
had been filed late. The court granted her motion as to the sums West Anaheim sought
for models and blowups and for service of process, denying any recovery at all for those
charges. It denied Leduc’s motion as to depositions and travel costs, finding them
“appropriate” and “authorized.”
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In a companion opinion issued today, we affirm the trial court’s judgment in favor of West
Anaheim. (Leduc v. West Anaheim Medical Center (Aug. 24, 2015, G049298) [nonpub. opn.].)
2
On appeal, Leduc objects to the amounts awarded for videotaped
depositions, for deposition transcripts, and for the deposition of her physician, as well as
the necessity for deposing her doctor at all and for videotaping. (She does not object to
the amounts awarded for travel.) She also renews her objection to the award of costs on
the ground of untimely filing. Finally, she maintains that West Anaheim is not entitled to
an award for any cost for which it has not submitted an invoice.
DISCUSSION
“The trial court’s exercise of discretion in granting or denying a motion to
tax costs will not be disturbed if substantial evidence supports its decision.” (Jewell v.
Bank of America (1990) 220 Cal.App.3d 934, 941.) To the extent the statute grants the
court discretion in allowing or denying costs or in determining amounts, we reverse only
if there has been a “‘clear abuse of discretion’ and a ‘miscarriage of justice.’” (Heller v.
Pillsbury Madison & Sutro (1996) 50 Cal.App.4th 1367, 1395, quoting Blank v. Kirwan
(1985) 39 Cal.3d 311, 331.) Interpreting a statute is, of course, a matter of law, which we
review de novo. (Acosta v. SI Corp. (2005) 129 Cal.App.4th 1370, 1374.) Under Code
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of Civil Procedure section 1032, subdivision (b), the prevailing party is entitled to
recover the costs listed in section 1033.5.
The burden of proof on a motion to tax costs depends upon the nature of the
costs being challenged. “If the items appearing in a cost bill appear to be proper charges,
the burden is on the party seeking to tax costs to show that they were not reasonable or
necessary. On the other hand, if the items are properly objected to, they are put in issue
and the burden of proof is on the party claiming them as costs.” (Ladas v. California
State Auto. Assn. (1993) 19 Cal.App.4th 761, 774.) All of the costs at issue in this appeal
are specifically recoverable under the Code of Civil Procedure. Leduc therefore had the
burden of proving them unreasonable and/or unnecessary.
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All further statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure.
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On appeal, Leduc makes two main arguments. First, she argues West
Anaheim filed its cost memorandum too late, thereby waiving its entitlement to costs
altogether. She also disputes several items listed on the memorandum as ineligible for
recovery.
California Rules of Court, rule 3.1700 requires a prevailing party who
claims costs to serve and file a memorandum of costs within 15 days after the date the
clerk mails the notice of entry of judgment, 15 days after the date of service of written
notice of entry of judgment, or 180 days after entry of judgment, whichever is first. The
time limits for filing a memorandum of costs are not jurisdictional, and the court has
discretion to allow a late filing in the absence of prejudice to the opposing party.
(Pollard v. Saxe & Yolles Dev. Co. (1974) 12 Cal.3d 374, 380-381; Hoover Community
Hotel Development Corp. v. Thomson (1985) 168 Cal.App.3d 485, 487-488.)
The trial court found that Leduc was not prejudiced by the late filing, as she
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had a full opportunity to brief her objections. As a matter of law, the trial court was not
prevented from considering the memorandum of costs, and it did not abuse its discretion
in so doing.
Leduc also challenges the amount of the award, asserting the court should
not have included charges for videotaping her depositions, for “real-time” deposition
transcripts, and for deposing her treating physician, who did not testify at trial. As to this
last item, the recovery of deposition costs does not depend on whether the deponent
ultimately testifies at trial. (See Culbertson v. R.D. Werner Co., Inc. (1987) 190
Cal.App.3d 704, 711-712.) The standard is whether the cost is “reasonably necessary to
the conduct of the litigation.” (§ 1033.5, subd. (c)(2).) Reasonable necessity is, again,
subject to the court’s discretion. (Ladas v. California State Auto. Assn., supra, 19
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Leduc also argues that the five-day extension of section 1013 for mailed notices does not extend
the time to file a memorandum of costs. We need not decide this issue. Even if the memorandum was six days late
instead of one, Leduc did not demonstrate any prejudice.
4
Cal.App.4th at p. 774.) In this case, the court found that the deposition was reasonably
necessary, and there is nothing in the record to gainsay that finding.
As to the expense of videotaping depositions, section 1033.5, subdivision
(a)(3), specifically lists the cost of video recording depositions as allowable. Leduc
objected only to the additional cost of videotaping her own deposition (three sessions) as
unnecessary. The trial court found this expense “appropriate.”
Leduc’s reliance on Science Applications Internat. Corp. v. Superior Court
(1995) 39 Cal.App.4th 1095 to support her argument that the videotaping represented an
unnecessary cost is misplaced. The court in that case did not find that videotaped
depositions were unnecessary and therefore not allowed; it found that the prevailing party
could not recover the cost of assembling an edited version of the videotaped depositions –
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in essence, a movie. (Id. at p. 1105.) Moreover, section 2025.620, subdivision (b),
permits an adverse party to use the deposition of a party for any purpose, even if the
deponent is available to testify. The use of a party’s deposition is not, as Leduc argues,
allowable only if the deponent is unavailable.
Once again, the standard for awarding costs is that they are “reasonably
necessary to the conduct of the litigation,” not necessarily that they were used at trial. (§
1033.5, subd. (c)(2).) As a matter of fact, in this case Leduc’s videotaped depositions
were used at trial, and they proved to be quite effective as impeachment evidence. The
court did not abuse its discretion in allowing West Anaheim to recover their cost.
Leduc also objected to the expense involved in obtaining “real-time”
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deposition transcripts. Leduc provided no authority or evidence for the notion that a
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Leduc misrepresents the holding of Nelson v. Anderson (1999) 72 Cal.App.4th 111, which she
cites to support her argument. The court did not disallow the cost of videotaped depositions. It upheld the trial
court’s decision not to allow the cost of videotapes and laser discs as examples of “‘[m]odels and blowups of
exhibits.’ [Citation.]” (Id. at pp. 132-133; see § 1033.5, subd. (a)(13).)
5
In her motion to tax costs, Leduc objected to the amounts claimed for the transcripts of several
deponents. On appeal she objects only to the three sessions of her own deposition.
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real-time deposition transcript is more expensive than some other kind or even that in
modern litigation practice some other kind of transcript is customarily available. Again,
the trial court considered her objections and found this expense reasonably necessary.
Finally, Leduc argues that West Anaheim cannot recover costs for which it
submitted no invoices. “There is no requirement that copies of bills, invoices, statements,
or any other such documents be attached to the memorandum. Only if the costs have
been put in issue via a motion to tax costs must supporting documentation be submitted.
[Citation.]” (Jones v. Dumrichob (1998) 63 Cal.App.4th 1258, 1267.)
Leduc’s motion did not put at issue the amounts of any costs except for
those of the deposition transcripts – she disputed West Anaheim’s entitlement to recover
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anything at all for the other categories. Thus West Anaheim did not need to submit
invoices or bills for the other categories to which Leduc objected. There was no error.
DISPOSITION
The order granting in part and denying in part Leduc’s motion to tax costs
is affirmed. Respondent is to recover its costs on appeal.
BEDSWORTH, ACTING P. J.
WE CONCUR:
IKOLA, J.
THOMPSON, J.
Leduc argues on appeal that West Anaheim waited until just before the original trial date to take
the last session of her deposition, thereby incurring extra expenses for expedited transcripts, which should not have
been awarded. She also claims her deposition could have been conducted in two sessions rather than three. She did
not raise either argument in the trial court, and we do not consider an argument raised for the first time on appeal
without some explanation for its belatedness. (Perez v. Grajales (2008) 169 Cal.App.4th 580, 591-592.)
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West Anaheim submitted an invoice for one of the deposition transcripts to show that Leduc had
misrepresented the nature of the cost.
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