In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
____________
NO. 01-00-00067-CV
____________
GUY L. ALLEN, Appellant
V.
TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE-INSTITUTIONAL DIVISION, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR WAYNE SCOTT, AND OFFICER KYLE RACKLEY, Appellees
On Appeal from the 12th District Court
Walker County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 20,666
O P I N I O N Appellant, an inmate of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice-Institutional Division (TDCJ), appeals from an order dismissing his pro se, in forma pauperis suit under chapter 14 of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code. We affirm.
Background
Appellant alleged that he was injured on December 19, 1997, while he rode a TDCJ bus in route from one unit to another. Appellant filed a grievance, which was denied on July 6, 1998. On December 2, 1999, appellant filed his original petition in the district court. On December 17, 1999, after an evidentiary hearing, the trial court dismissed appellant's claims under section 14.005 of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code. On appeal, appellant contends that the trial court erroneously dismissed his case. We disagree.Standard of Review
In reviewing the trial court's decision to dismiss a case subject to chapter 14, an appellate court applies an abuse-of-discretion standard of review. Wallace v. Texas Dep't of Criminal Justice-Institutional Div., 36 S.W.3d 607, 610 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 2000, pet. denied). A court abuses its discretion if it acts without reference to guiding rules or principles. Id.
Dismissal Proper under Section 14.005
The trial court dismissed appellant's claims under Civil Practice and Remedies Code section 14.005, which provides:
(a) An inmate who files a claim that is subject to the grievance system established under Section 501.008, Government Code, shall file with the court:
(1) an affidavit or unsworn declaration stating the date that the grievance was filed and the date the written decision described by Section 501.008(d), Government Code, was received by the inmate; and
(2) a copy of the written decision from the grievance system.
(b) A court shall dismiss a claim if the inmate fails to file the claim before the 31st day after the date the inmate receives the written decision from the grievance system.
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 14.005 (Vernon Supp. 2002).
Under this section, the trial court "shall dismiss a claim" if the inmate does not file it before the 31st day after he receives the decision from the grievance system. Id. § 14.005(b). Appellant's grievance was denied on July 6, 1998. He filed his lawsuit on December 2, 1999, almost 17 months later. Appellant's suit was untimely because he did not file his claim before the 31st day after he received notice of the written decision on his grievance. See id. Thus, the trial court did not err in dismissing the lawsuit. See Wallace, 36 S.W.3d at 611.
Although the statutory deadline for filing the state court action expired, the dissent argues that appellant should get a second chance to file a timely suit in state court because appellant first filed suit in federal court. The dissent cites no authority for this proposition. We found none. In fact, section 14.005 does not contemplate such a scenario. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 14.005(b). The fact remains that appellant's grievance was denied on July 6, 1998. Appellant did not file his state court action within 31 days, as required by section 14.005; therefore, the trial court properly dismissed the suit. Id.
Appellant's federal suit was dismissed on July 29, 1999. Afterward, appellant filed a second grievance on August 11, 1999. This second grievance involved the same issues as his first grievance, which had previously been denied on July 6, 1998. Filing this second grievance did not extend appellant's deadline to file his state court claim.
The statute simply states that the trial court "shall dismiss a claim" if the inmate does not file it before the 31st day after he receives the decision from the grievance system. Id. § 14.005(b). Nothing in the statute indicates that appellant's pursuit of a federal remedy or his filing a second grievance would suffice to extend the deadline to file a state claim. Monetary Damages
In three points of error, appellant contends that: (1) he was denied due process and equal protection because he sought monetary damages; therefore, he exhausted all grievance system remedies; (2) he did not have to exhaust the grievance system remedies because he sought monetary damages; and (3) he exhausted all remedies because he wrote a letter notifying the responsible agencies that he sought monetary damages.
The "Inmate Grievance System" is set forth in Government Code section 501.008, as follows:
(a) The department shall develop and maintain a system for the resolution of grievances by inmates housed in facilities operated by the department or under contract with the department that qualifies for certification under 42 U.S.C. Section 1997e and the department shall obtain and maintain certification under that section. A remedy provided by the grievance system is the exclusive administrative remedy available to an inmate for a claim for relief against the department that arises while the inmate is housed in a facility operated by the department or under contract with the department, other than a remedy provided by writ of habeas corpus challenging the validity of an action occurring before the delivery of the inmate to the department or to a facility operated under contract with the department.
(b) The grievance system must provide procedures:
- for an inmate to identify evidence to substantiate the inmate's claim; and
- for an inmate to receive all formal written responses to the inmate's grievance.
Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 501.008 (Vernon 1998).
The United States Supreme Court held that Congress intended a prisoner to invoke "such administrative remedies as are available" in the prison, without regard to whether the grievance procedure affords money damage relief, before he may file suit in federal court. Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 733, 121 S. Ct. 1819, 1821 (2001). (1) Administrative exhaustion is required, even when the grievance process does not permit an award of money damages and the prisoner seeks only money damages, as long as the grievance tribunal has authority to take some responsive action. Id. The Court explained the policy reasons for its holding:
[R]equiring exhaustion in these circumstances would produce administrative results that would satisfy at least some inmates who start out asking for nothing but money, since the very fact of being heard and prompting administrative change can mollify passions even when nothing ends up in the pocket. And one may suppose that the administrative process itself would filter out some frivolous claims and foster better-prepared litigation once a dispute did move to the courtroom, even absent formal factfinding.
532 U.S. at 737, 121 S. Ct. at 1823.
The Fifth Circuit applied Booth to a case involving the TDCJ prison grievance system. Wright v. Hollingsworth, 260 F.3d 357 (Tex. 2001). The inmate sought redress for his injury (a ruptured eardrum) and pain and suffering--harms that could be relieved only by money damages. Id. at 358. The court held, "Quibbles about the nature of a prisoner's complaint, the type of remedy sought, and the sufficiency or breadth of prison grievance procedures were laid to rest in Booth." Id. The inmate was required to exhaust all TDCJ grievance procedures, even if money damages were unavailable. Id.
Similarly, we hold that appellant was required to exhaust all remedies under the grievance system, regardless of whether he sought monetary damages. The TDCJ grievance system provides procedures for an inmate to identify evidence to substantiate the inmate's claim, and for an inmate to receive all formal written responses to the inmate's grievance. Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 501.008(b). By "filter[ing] out some frivolous claims and foster[ing] better-prepared litigation," the TDCJ grievance tribunal "has authority to take some responsive action." Booth, 532 U.S. at 737, 121 S. Ct. at 1823.
Points of error one, two, and three are overruled.
Denial of Grievance
In point of error four, appellant contends that "there has never been a written final decision to deny such relief requested."
Appellant's argument is without merit. The clerk's record contains a July 6, 1998 letter from the Assistant Attorney General denying appellant's claim. Moreover, appellant admitted in his original petition that the "final decision to deny [appellant] any relief from his grievance/claim came on July 6, 1998."
Point of error four is overruled.
Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Adele Hedges
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Mirabal, Hedges, and Jennings.
Justice Mirabal dissenting.
Publish. Tex. R. App. P. 47.
1. The