Opinion issued April 12, 2007
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
NO. 01-05-01133-CR
RUSSELL SHANTA, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 178th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 1016276
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Russell Shanta, appeals from a jury conviction for sexual assault of a child. After finding appellant guilty of the offense, the jury assessed his punishment at confinement for 10 years and recommended community supervision. The trial court placed appellant on community supervision for 10 years and sentenced appellant to serve 180 days in jail. In two points of error, appellant argues that the trial court erred in excluding evidence in violation of the Texas Rules of Evidence and under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution. We affirm.
Background
During trial in November 2005, the complainant testified to being sexually assaulted in the first week of August 2004. While cross-examining the complainant, appellant's counsel sought to admit the complainant's videotaped statement taken at the Children's Assessment Center, which had been given approximately 16 days after the sexual assault. The following discussion transpired:
Defense: I wanted to play the video. I know normally they're not allowed. Usually we object, but I want to play the video while I have her on the stand.
State: For what?
Defense: To cross-examine her.
State: With regard to what?
Defense: The whole thing.
State: What? That's improper impeachment, I object. And it's hearsay, Your honor.
Court: Well, that's not hearsay. Has she had a chance to see it?
Defense: I have no idea.
State: What specifically? I mean, you've got to ask her questions.
The record reflects that the trial court made no ruling at this time and cross-examination continued. Later in the trial, the trial court discussed the videotaped statement a second time:
Court: Let's go on the record. Let the record reflect we had a number of--a couple of off-the-record oral discussions about the admissibility of the videotaped statement. [Defense] has requested permission to show the videotaped statement made by the complainant at the Children's Assessment Center to the jury. The State has lodged an objection and asked for a motion in limine that the defense not be allowed to offer the tape in front of the jury without the Court determining its admissibility.
[Defense]--which the Court granted that motion. [Defense] has complied with the motion in limine and is requesting now permission to offer the tape and show it to the jury. The State has made an objection to the admissibility of the videotape as being hearsay and not admissible for purposes of showing any inconsistent statements.
It's my understanding, [Defense], you're not offering the tape for the purpose of showing any inconsistent statements, but you're just offering the tape to--so the jury can get a better idea of what the girl said?
Defense: Yes. Their present sense impression of the child at the time she made the statement there at the Children's Assessment Center on August 19th, 2004.
Court: All right.
Defense: --within two and half weeks or so of the incident. Also, it's not to prove the truth of the matter asserted, but merely get her demeanor, character, the way she answers questions, but not to try to prove up anything she's saying. Also, as to her state-of-mind.
Court: And both sides are in agreement that this videotape is made some 16 to 18 days after the incident in this case?
State: That's correct, Your Honor.
Defense: Approximately, Your Honor, yes.
Court: All right. The Court is going to find that th[e] 16-year lapse in time prevents this from being a hearsay exception, as being a present-sense impression of the complainant.
Defense: You meant 16 days, right?
Court: What did I say?
Defense: You said years.
Court: Sixteen days. I misspoke. And I will sustain the State's objection to it.
[Defense] does wish to offer a copy of the tape into evidence as a--part of a bill of exceptions, which is what this is, and he will be permitted to do so. But he'll not be allowed to offer the tape in front of the jury or show the tape to the jury at this point in time.
Defense: Yes.
Court: Certainly at any time that you think there's another basis upon which it is admissible, you're absolutely free to approach the bench and offer it again, but, at this time, it's not admissible.
Analysis
Evidentiary Complaints
In his first point of error, appellant argues that the trial court erroneously excluded the videotaped statement pursuant to the Texas Rules of Evidence.
The standard of review for a trial court's admission or exclusion of evidence is abuse of discretion. Spradlin v. State, 100 S.W.3d 372, 381 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.). A trial court must be given wide latitude in its decision to admit or exclude evidence. Theus v. State, 845 S.W.2d 874, 881 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992). As long as the trial court's evidentiary ruling was at least within the zone of reasonable disagreement, an appellate court may not disturb it. Ellis v. State, 99 S.W.3d 783, 788 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, pet. ref'd). There should be "reluctance on the part of an appellate court to reverse trial court decisions which admit or exclude evidence." Montgomery v. State, 810 S.W.2d 372, 378 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990). The appellate court must uphold the trial court's ruling if it is reasonably supported by the record and is correct under any theory of law applicable to the case. Willover v. State, 70 S.W.3d 841, 845 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002).
Appellant argues that the videotaped statement was not offered for the truth of the matter asserted, but offered to show "her demeanor, character, the way she answers questions." (1) See Martinez v. State, 22 S.W.3d 504, 508 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) (statement not hearsay if not offered to prove truth of matter asserted.). Given appellant's stated reason to admit the evidence, the trial court would have been within its discretion to exclude the evidence because the videotape would have been cumulative of the complainant's trial testimony that showed her demeanor, her character, and the way she answers questions. See Tex. R. Evid. 403 ("Although relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury, or by consideration of undue delay, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence."). Appellant also argues that, even if the videotape was hearsay, it should have been admissible pursuant to the "present sense impression" exception. See Tex. R. Evid. 803(1). Because we have already concluded that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in excluding the evidence on non-hearsay grounds, it is not necessary for us to analyze appellant's argument that the evidence fell within an exception to the hearsay rule. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1.
We overrule appellant's first point of error. (2)
Constitutional Complaints
In his second point of error, appellant argues that the trial court violated his constitutional rights under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution (3) by excluding the videotape which prevented appellant from presenting a complete defense.
Rule 33.1 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure requires that a party state "the grounds for the ruling that the complaining party sought from the trial court with sufficient specificity to make the trial court aware of the complaint, unless the specific grounds were apparent from the context." Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(1)(A). Appellant's point of error on appeal must comport with his objection at trial. See Guevara v. State, 97 S.W.3d 579, 583 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003) (holding that appellant failed to preserve any error regarding victim-impact evidence's admission because his objection at trial did not comport with complaint raised on appeal). Generally, a party's failure to object timely and specifically at the trial-court level waives error. Tex. R. App. P. 33.1; Blue v. State, 41 S.W.3d 129, 131 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). In making objections, there are no technical considerations or form of words to be used; straightforward communication in plain English will always suffice. Ex parte Little, 887 S.W.2d 62, 65 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994). An objection may be in phrased in any manner that sufficiently apprises the trial court and opposing counsel of the nature of the complaint. Id.
Here, appellant did not raise objections regarding the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution that prevented him from presenting a complete defense. Accordingly, we hold that appellant has waived these complaints for appeal. See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1.
Even if these complaints had been preserved, we would conclude that the exclusion of evidence did not violate appellant's constitutional rights. In Gilmore v. Taylor, the United States Supreme Court stated that a defendant must have an opportunity to put on a meaningful defense. 508 U.S. 333, 343, 113 S. Ct. 2112, 2118 (1993). The exclusion of evidence by a trial court can rise to the level of a constitutional violation. Potier v. State, 68 S.W.3d 657, 659 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). However, erroneous evidentiary rulings rarely rise to the level of denying the fundamental constitutional right to present a meaningful defense. Id. at 663.
Here, appellant argued that he wanted to show the jury the videotape to "get her demeanor, character, the way she answers questions, but not to try to prove up anything she's saying. Also, as to her state-of-mind." We fail to see how appellant was precluded from presenting a complete defense because appellant's stated reasons for admitting the videotape could also be shown by effective cross-examination of the complainant. We conclude that appellant's constitutional rights were not violated by the trial court's exclusion of the videotaped statement. See Harris v. State, 152 S.W.3d 786, 794 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, pet. ref'd) (holding that "[t]he substance of appellant's argument was presented to the jury, and the exclusion of the videotapes did not prevent appellant from putting on a complete defense").
We overrule appellant's second point of error.
Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Evelyn V. Keyes
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Nuchia, Keyes, and Higley.
Do not publish. Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).
1. 2. To the extent that appellant argues that the videotape was admissible to impeach the
complainant's credibility, this argument was not asserted at trial, and thus waived.
See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1.
3. U.S. Const. amends. VI, XIV.