COURT OF APPEALS
SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH
NO. 2-07-417-CR
FELIPE MENDEZ, JR. APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS STATE
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FROM THE 396TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY
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MEMORANDUM OPINION 1
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Appellant Felipe Mendez, Jr. appeals his conviction for burglary of a
habitation. We affirm.
Appellant kicked in the back door of a residence in Mansfield, Texas, and
began gathering valuables when police arrived in response to a neighbor’s
report of suspicious activity. Appellant managed to escape, but was eventually
1
… See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
arrested. The police matched appellant’s DNA to a cigarette appellant left at
the scene. At trial, a jury found appellant guilty and, after evidence of
appellant’s numerous prior burglary convictions was admitted at punishment,
assessed a sentence of thirty years’ confinement. The trial court sentenced
appellant accordingly.
In three points on appeal, appellant contends that the trial court abused
its discretion by overruling appellant’s trial objections to hearsay, improper jury
argument, and the jury’s receiving a partial transcript during deliberations.
In his first point, appellant claims that the trial court abused its discretion
when it overruled two hearsay objections lodged against testimony given by a
police officer who had interviewed a woman waiting in appellant’s car at the
crime scene. The objections were recorded in the following exchange:
Q. . . . [W]hat were the two names of the people that she gave you?
A. She said that they were Felipe and Librado.
MR. HOPPING [for the Defense:] I’m going to object to hearsay.
THE COURT: Overruled.
Q. (BY MS. WYNN) So Felipe, did she give a last name?
A. She did a few minutes later, but initially she just said Felipe and
Librado, then she said Felipe and Librado Mendez.
MR. HOPPING: I object to hearsay again.
2
THE COURT: Okay. Overruled.
The State concedes that the first question “certainly called for a hearsay
response” but argues that appellant’s objection was untimely and therefore
preserved nothing for review. We agree. An objection must be timely in order
to preserve a complaint for review.2 Whether a defendant is required to object
before a witness answers depends upon whether the question calls for a
hearsay response. 3 Absent a legitimate reason to justify delay, an objection is
not timely when a defendant objects only after an objectionable question has
been asked and answered.4
The appellant has offered no legitimate reason to justify waiting to object
until after the question was answered and we have found nothing in the record
to justify appellant’s waiting to object until after the witness answered the first
question calling for a hearsay response. Therefore, we hold that appellant’s
untimely first objection failed to preserve error. 5
2
… Tex. R. Evid. 33.1(a)(1).
3
… See Rodriguez v. State, — S.W.3d —, No. 04-07-00387, 2008 WL
4447556, at *2 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Oct. 1, 2008, no pet. h.).
4
… Lagrone v. State, 942 S.W.2d 602, 618 (Tex. Crim. App.), cert.
denied, 522 U.S. 917 (1997).
5
… See id; Dinkins v. State, 894 S.W.2d 330, 355 (Tex. Crim. App.),
cert. denied, 516 U.S. 832 (1995).
3
Appellant’s second objection was also untimely. Although the question,
“Did she give a last name?” invites a yes or no answer, it clearly calls for a
hearsay response, which the witness provided. Because counsel’s objection
came after the question was answered, it was untimely and preserved nothing
for our review.6 We overrule appellant’s first point.
In his second point, appellant contends that the trial court abused its
discretion by overruling his objection to remarks made by the prosecutor during
final argument that the defense had not reasonably explained how a fresh
cigarette butt containing appellant’s DNA was found at the crime scene. In
response, the State contends that appellant forfeited his claim by not continuing
to object each time the prosecutor revisited the same line of argument. We
agree. To preserve an improper-jury-argument claim, a party must object each
time the impermissible argument is made. 7
The pertinent portions of the State’s final argument are as follows:
MR. HUDSON: If the State’s burden of proof is beyond a
reasonable doubt, and it is, and if you consider the analogy of the
Defense that beyond a reasonable doubt is like a mountain that you
6
… See Tex. R. Evid. 33.1(a)(1); Lagrone, 942 S.W.2d at 618.
7
… Cockrell v. State, 933 S.W.2d 73, 89 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996), cert.
denied, 520 U.S. 1173 (1997); Satchell v. State, No. 07-07-0458-CR, 2008
WL 4693072, at *1 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Oct. 24, 2008, no pet. h.)(mem. op.
after remand; not designated for publication).
4
have to climb, I’m going to submit to you that a cigarette with the
Defendant’s DNA at the back door of the house that just got
broken into, that’s a ski lift. That takes you to the top. There’s
been no reasonable explanation offered by closing argument by the
Defense or by cross-examination —
MR. HOPPING: Objection that shifts the burden to us.
THE COURT: Overruled.
MR. HUDSON: But no argument that I’m going to respond to
now on the record given to you through cross-examination or
through closing argument that can explain that cigarette. You just
can’t do it.
.....
Now, who left the cigarette there? Was it the Marlboro man?
Was it a cigarette fairy? You know that’s preposterous. I say it up
here because it just shows you how crazy their argument is. I told
you during voir dire that, yeah, you know, there could be all sorts
of crazy, wild, explanations that we could call a doubt. But I told
you that the distinction in what you’re looking at now is a
reasonable doubt.
Ladies and gentlemen, there is no reasonable explanation to
you about how that cigarette got there other than that the
Defendant left it there as he fled out that door with the cops hot on
his tail.
That cigarette was not blown there by the wind. It was sat
down there carefully as it was still lit by somebody that was
probably planning to come back and pick it up on his way out the
door. He wasn’t expecting the cops to show up. He had his
girlfriend out front for him. What did she do when the cops came
up? She gave him up. What did he do? He took off. He took off
in a damn hurry. So fast he left all of that property sitting by the
door. So fast that he left his cigarette still burning there on the grill
as he ran out.
5
(emphasis added)
Because appellant did not object to the State’s continued arguments that
appellant offered no reasonable explanation for the cigarette butt with his DNA
at the crime scene, we hold that appellant has forfeited his complaint.8
Appellant’s second point is overruled.
In his third point, appellant claims that the trial court abused its discretion
by giving the jury a partial transcript during deliberations because the jury had
not expressly informed the trial court that they had a disagreement about the
testimony.
Article 36.28 of the code of criminal procedure provides, in pertinent part,
that
if the jury disagree as to the statement of any witness they may,
upon applying to the court, have read to them from the court
reporter’s notes that part of such witness testimony or the
particular point in dispute, and no other. . . .9
This statute seeks to balance concern that the trial court not comment on the
evidence with the need to provide the jury with the means to resolve any
factual disputes it may have. 10
8
… See Cockrell, 933 S.W.2d at 89.
9
… Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 36.28 (Vernon 2006).
10
… Howell v. State, 175 S.W.3d 786, 790 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005).
6
When asked by the jury to reread testimony, the trial court must first
determine if the request is proper under article 36.28.11 We review a trial
court’s determination of whether there is a factual dispute between jury
members for an abuse of discretion.12
The plain language of article 36.28 requires only that a jury disagree
about the statement of a witness before the trial court is authorized to provide
a relevant portion of the reporter’s notes. It does not require that the jury
expressly state that it is in disagreement. A trial court may properly infer
disagreement from notes that are passed between the jury and the court. 13
Here, the record shows that the jurors sent out a note requesting all of
Officer Brannen’s testimony. The trial court promptly responded with an
instruction setting out the text of article 36.28 and informing the jury that
unless they “disagreed upon some part of the testimony” they were “not
entitled to have any of the testimony” but that if they “disagreed upon any
point in the testimony,” and stated in writing the point upon which they
11
… Iness v. State, 606 S.W.2d 306, 314 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980).
12
… Robison v. State, 888 S.W .2d 473, 480 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994),
cert. denied, 515 U.S. 1162.
13
… See Keith v. State, No. 06-06-00094-CR, 2007 WL 654282, at *4
(Tex. App.—Texarkana March 6, 2007, no pet.)(mem. op., not designated for
publication); May v. State, 139 S.W.3d 93, 99–100 (Tex. App.—Texarkana
2004, pet. ref’d).
7
disagreed, they would be so entitled. Within minutes, the jury sent out another
note asking for “the portion of Officer Brannen’s testimony regarding
information that she gained from her interview with Ashley Moore . . . .“
We hold that it was within the trial court’s discretion to infer that the jury
was in dispute about the requested testimony from their request for specific
testimony in response to the trial court’s explicit instructions regarding the
necessity of a dispute. We overrule appellant’s third point.
Having overruled all of appellant’s points, we affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
JOHN CAYCE
CHIEF JUSTICE
PANEL: CAYCE, C.J.; DAUPHINOT and WALKER, JJ.
WALKER, J., concurred without opinion.
DO NOT PUBLISH
Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)
DELIVERED: February 12, 2009
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