IN THE
TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-05-00213-CV
In re Charlotte D. Oliver
Original Proceeding
MEMORANDUM Opinion
Introduction
Relator Charlotte Oliver seeks a writ of mandamus directing Respondent, the Honorable J.D. Langley, Judge of the 85th District Court of Brazos County, to vacate an order denying Oliver’s motion for continuance in the action below. That action is a suit to determine a request for an increase in current child support and for an arrearage owed by Gary Oliver, the respondent below and the father and non-custodial parent of A.D.O., who is seventeen.
Background
Charlotte asserts below that Gary has wrongfully sheltered and under-reported income by his being employed by a business owned by his new wife. Charlotte states that this business was transferred to Gary’s wife by Gary’s parents immediately after the suit to increase child support was filed. According to Charlotte, Gary’s income, which he now claims is $18,000 per year (it was $51,000 per year when this suit was filed), is insufficient to support his and his wife’s lifestyle. Charlotte alleges that their personal expenses are being paid by the business and that Gary’s true income is not reflected by his tax return.
To obtain an increase in child support, Charlotte asserts that Gary’s net resources are the key consideration. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 154.062 (Vernon 2002). To prove that Gary was under-reporting his income and the amount of under-reporting—that he has been hiding his true net resources and total income—Charlotte retained Caryn Thompson, a certified public accountant and auditor, as an expert witness to review Gary’s and the business’s financial records. Charlotte asserts that Gary’s finances are complicated because his true income is interwoven with his wife’s business and that his personal expenses have been camouflaged as business expenses. According to Charlotte, she cannot show Gary’s true net resources without an expert, and Thompson, her expert, has provided evidence to her that Gary’s under-reporting was significant.
On April 19, 2005, however, Charlotte received a telefax notification from Thompson that Thompson was withdrawing without explanation and refusing to testify. Charlotte states that Thompson did not withdraw because of nonpayment of fees.
The suit was set for a bench trial on May 2, 2005. Charlotte claims that neither party requested the setting and that neither party announced ready. On April 27, 2005, Charlotte filed a motion for continuance of the May 2 trial setting based on her expert’s withdrawal and her need to retain a new expert who would require adequate time to review the relevant tax returns, accounts receivable, significant amounts of property ownership transfers, and bank records.
The trial court denied the motion for continuance. According to Charlotte, her motion for continuance was not opposed and Gary’s counsel, who himself approved of the continuance (of which fact the trial court was informed), was surprised that the trial court denied the motion for continuance.
We granted Charlotte’s motion for an emergency stay and ordered a stay of the May 2 trial setting pending our resolution of Charlotte’s petition for writ of mandamus. Despite our request, Gary has not filed a response to Charlotte’s petition.
Standard of Review
A ruling on a motion for continuance is reviewed for abuse of discretion. Villegas v. Carter, 711 S.W.2d 624, 626 (Tex. 1986). We will grant mandamus relief if there has been a clear abuse of discretion and the relator has no adequate legal remedy. Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 839 (Tex. 1992) (orig. proceeding). Because the motion for continuance was verified and uncontested, the motion’s factual allegations must be accepted as true. Garza v. Serrato, 699 S.W.2d 275, 281 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1985, writ ref’d n.r.e.).
Analysis
The granting or denial of a motion for continuance is a matter resting within the sound discretion of the trial court. Villegas, 711 S.W.2d at 626. The trial court's action will not be disturbed unless the record discloses a clear abuse of discretion. Id.
An abuse of discretion in denying a motion for continuance can occur when a party must attend a trial or hearing but is unable to submit critical evidence. See Union Carbide Corp. v. Moye, 798 S.W.2d 792, 793 (Tex. 1990) (orig. proceeding) (holding that trial court abused its discretion in denying motion for continuance of party that would be unable to submit evidence at venue hearing); Garza, 669 S.W.2d at 280-81 (holding that trial court abused its discretion in denying motion for continuance of party that needed more than weekend before trial to obtain expert witness to rebut plaintiffs’ new medical claims disclosed on eve of trial).
Charlotte’s assertion that without an expert witness, she cannot establish Gary’s true net resources to prove her claim for an increase in child support, is not controverted. Given the allegations about Charlotte’s expert’s withdrawal—which we must accept as true—and that expert testimony is essential to Charlotte’s claim for increased child support based on the facts of this case, we hold that the trial court abused its discretion in denying Charlotte’s unopposed motion for continuance of the May 2, 2005 bench trial.
Charlotte must also establish that she lacks an adequate remedy by appeal. See In re Prudential Ins. Co., 148 S.W.3d 124, 135-38 (Tex. 2004) (orig. proceeding). “Adequate” is a “proxy for the careful balance of jurisprudential considerations that determine when appellate courts will use original mandamus proceedings to review the actions of lower courts. These considerations implicate both public and private interests.” Id. at 136.
An appellate remedy is “adequate” when any benefits to mandamus review are outweighed by the detriments. When the benefits outweigh the detriments, appellate courts must consider whether the appellate remedy is adequate.
This determination is not an abstract or formulaic one; it is practical and prudential. It resists categorization, as our own decisions demonstrate. Although this Court has tried to give more concrete direction for determining the availability of mandamus review, rigid rules are necessarily inconsistent with the flexibility that is the remedy’s principal virtue. Thus, we wrote in Walker v. Packer that “an appellate remedy is not inadequate merely because it may involve more expense or delay than obtaining an extraordinary writ.” [Walker, 827 S.W.2d at 842]. While this is certainly true, the word “merely” carries heavy freight.
Id. In sum, “whether an appellate remedy is ‘adequate’ so as to preclude mandamus review depends heavily on the circumstances presented and is better guided by general principles than by simple rules.” Id. at 137.
With the above principles governing our jurisprudential considerations, we hold that Charlotte lacks an adequate remedy by appeal of the trial court’s denial of her motion for continuance. We recognize that mandamus review of incidental, interlocutory rulings by trial courts is discouraged, but Prudential allows us flexibility to prevent proceedings that are “certain to be ‘little more than a fiction.’” Id. On a practical and prudential level, a trial of Charlotte’s claim for increased child support without a necessary expert, given the facts alleged, would be an irreversible waste of private and public resources. See id. (citing In re Masonite Corp., 997 S.W.2d 194, 198 (Tex. 1999) (orig. proceeding)). No sound principle or practicality that we can fathom would be served by requiring Charlotte to try her claim for increased child support now without a necessary expert and thus likely not prevail, and then appeal and try the case a second time on remand—when the child whose support is at issue will probably have reached majority—because the trial court should have granted her motion for continuance before the first trial. See In re Ford Motor Co., - - - S.W.3d - - -, 2005 WL 1252290 at *1 (Tex. May 27, 2005) (citing Prudential and granting mandamus relief where trial court denied motion for legislative continuance). Such an appellate remedy is not adequate under this case’s circumstances.
Conclusion
Because Respondent abused his discretion and Relator has no adequate remedy at law, we grant the petition for writ of mandamus and order Respondent to vacate his order denying the motion for continuance. We are confident that Respondent will comply with our ruling, so the writ will issue only if Respondent fails to advise this Court in writing within fourteen days after the date of this opinion that he has vacated the order denying the motion for continuance.
PER CURIAM
Before Chief Justice Gray,
Justice Vance, and
Justice Reyna
(Chief Justice Gray dissenting)
Petition granted and writ conditionally issued
Opinion delivered and filed June 29, 2005
[OT06]
str=FULL&docnum=2&_startdoc=1&wchp=dGLbVtb-zSkAW&_md5=4f8f9d2b9e8ee913fd60a717cb45c37d">Pearson v. State, 994 S.W.2d 176, 179 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). Henderson has failed to preserve his complaint for appellate review. See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a). We overrule Henderson’s second issue.
Notification of Charges
In his third issue, Henderson argues that he was not properly notified of the reasons for adjudication. Specifically, he complains that the trial court’s admonishment refers to the “Original or Amended MOTION TO PROCEED TO FINAL ADJUDICATION filed on 11-22-06.” The record does not contain a motion filed on November 22, but rather a motion filed on November 29.[4] This appears to be a mere clerical error. The record does not indicate that this error prevented Henderson from being notified of the grounds for adjudication. He signed the trial court’s admonishment, entered pleas of “true” and “not true” to the various allegations, acknowledged that his pleas of “true” were made “because they are true and for no other reason,” and waived the right to have the charges read aloud. Moreover, at no time did Henderson object to any lack of notice. His complaint is not preserved for appellate review. See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a). We overrule his third issue.
Ineffective Assistance
In his fourth issue, Henderson contends that trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by: (1) failing to object to the court’s review of the PSI and the court’s failure to allow Henderson to comment on the PSI; (2) failing to object to the court’s failure to hold a separate punishment hearing or to allow Henderson to present evidence; (3) entering open pleas of “true” absent a plea agreement; (4) failing to object to hearsay and conclusory evidence; and (5) failing to object to inconsistencies in a previous order.
To prove ineffective assistance, an appellant must show that: (1) counsel’s performance was deficient; and (2) the defense was prejudiced by counsel’s deficient performance. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984); see also Wiggins v. Smith, 539 U.S. 510, 521, 123 S. Ct. 2527, 2535, 156 L. Ed. 2d 471 (2003). The appellant must prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that there is no plausible professional reason for a specific act or omission. Bone v. State, 77 S.W.3d 828, 836 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). There is “a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct fell within a wide range of reasonable representation.” Salinas v. State, 163 S.W.3d 734, 740 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). “[A]ny allegation of ineffectiveness must be firmly founded in the record, and the record must affirmatively demonstrate the alleged ineffectiveness.” Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808, 813 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999).
Although Henderson made a general allegation of ineffective assistance in his untimely motion for new trial, he failed to explain how trial counsel was ineffective.[5] He attached no evidence to his motion, and the trial court denied the motion without a hearing. Thus, the record is silent as to any reasons explaining trial counsel’s actions. We will not speculate as to those reasons. See Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 814. Absent a record revealing trial counsel’s strategy or motivation, Henderson has not defeated the strong presumption that trial counsel’s actions fell within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance. See id. His ineffective assistance claim is better raised through an application for a writ of habeas corpus. See Rylander v. State, 101 S.W.3d 107, 110 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003); see also Bone, 77 S.W.3d at 837 n.30.
The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.
FELIPE REYNA
Justice
Before Chief Justice Gray,
Justice Vance, and
Justice Reyna
Affirmed
Opinion delivered and filed March 5, 2008
Do not publish
[CR25]
[1] To support this claim, Henderson included an affidavit in the appendix to his brief. The State filed a motion to strike the affidavit because it is not part of the appellate record. Because we agree, the State’s motion is granted. See Hill v. State, 90 S.W.3d 308, 314 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002); see also Ex parte Lekavich, 145 S.W.3d 699, 702 n.2 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2004, no pet.).
[2] The PSI appears to have influenced the trial court’s decision to impose a lighter sentence. After reviewing the PSI, the trial court stated, “At first I thought even more than 20 years might be appropriate, but after refreshing my memory, there were some extenuating circumstances.” Henderson argues that it is “ludicrous to conclude that the allegations and comments in the PSI, mostly negative, diminished the sentence.” Yet, the trial court’s statement seems to suggest otherwise.
[3] Henderson was sentenced on January 16 and his motion was filed on February 22. See Tex. R. App. P. 21.4(a) (a motion for new trial must be filed “no later than 30 days after, the date when the trial court imposes or suspends sentence in open court”).
[4] Because this case involves two cause numbers, the record contains two separate motions.
[5] The motion alleges:
Attorney for defendant believes that evidence may have been improperly admitted or that the defendant did not receive effective assistance of counsel. Attorney for defendant believes that the defendant may not have understood the ramifications of his actions and thus certain pleas or actions at the hearings on application to proceed to final adjudication, adjudication, and sentencing were involuntary.