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Opinion filed February 2, 2006
In The
Eleventh Court of Appeals
__________
No. 11-04-00250-CR
__________
JOE THOMAS FITZGERALD, Appellant
V.
STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 266th District Court
Erath County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 11880
O P I N I O N
The jury convicted Joe Thomas Fitzgerald of the second degree felony offense of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. Appellant pleaded true to an enhancement allegation, and the jury assessed punishment at twelve years imprisonment. In two appellate issues, appellant challenges the factual sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction. We affirm.
Background Facts
The indictment alleged that appellant intentionally or knowingly threatened Deanna Michelle Carver with imminent bodily injury and that appellant used or exhibited a deadly weapon, namely a knife, during the commission of the assault. In his issues, appellant contends that the evidence was factually insufficient to prove that he knowingly or intentionally threatened Carver with imminent bodily injury.
Standard of Review
To determine if the evidence is factually sufficient, we must review all of the evidence in a neutral light and determine whether the evidence supporting guilt is so weak that the verdict is clearly wrong and manifestly unjust or whether the evidence contrary to the verdict is so strong that the beyond-a-reasonable-doubt burden of proof could not have been met. Zuniga v. State, 144 S.W.3d 477 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004); Ross v. State, 133 S.W.3d 618 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004); Vasquez v. State, 67 S.W.3d 229, 236 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002); Cain v. State, 958 S.W.2d 404 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997); Clewis v. State, 922 S.W.2d 126 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996). The jury, as the trier of fact, is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and of the weight to be given to their testimony. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 36.13 (Vernon 1981), art. 38.04 (Vernon 1979). The jury may choose to believe or disbelieve all or any part of any witness=s testimony. Sharp v. State, 707 S.W.2d 611, 614 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). The jury may accept one version of the facts and reject another. Penagraph v. State, 623 S.W.2d 341, 343 (Tex. Crim. App. 1981).
The Evidence
The State called six witnesses during the guilt/innocence phase of the trial. The witnesses included: (1) Carver, the victim; (2) Joni Thompson, an acquaintance of Carver; (3) John Paul Fitzgerald, appellant=s brother; (4) Thomas Ray Green, a deputy with the Erath County Sheriff=s Department; (5) Marty Golightly, a deputy with the Erath County Sheriff=s Department; and (6) Clayton Hollifield, a deputy with the Erath County Sheriff=s Department.
Carver=s Testimony
Carver testified that appellant had been her on-again, off-again boyfriend for three years. She said that they had very strong feelings for each other. During the evening of October 7, 2003, Carver and Thompson went to a bar in Stephenville. Carver said that Thompson had been doing drugs that day. Carver testified that appellant showed up at the bar. Carver said that appellant got angry and left the bar but came back in saying that he had locked himself out of his car and that he needed a ride home. Carver agreed to give appellant a ride to his house, and Thompson accompanied Carver and appellant during the ride. The record shows that appellant lived in a house in Selden.
Appellant and Carver argued and yelled at each other during the trip. Carver told appellant that she was ending their relationship. Appellant asked Carver to come inside his house so that he could talk with her. Carver agreed and went inside the house, while Thompson waited outside in the car. Carver said that appellant=s brother, John Paul Fitzgerald, was inside the house.
Carver and appellant went into appellant=s bedroom. They continued to argue, and Carver testified that appellant threatened to kill himself. Carver said that she also threatened to kill herself. Carver testified that she went to the kitchen and got two knives. Carver said that State=s Exhibit Nos. 1 and 2 were the knives that she retrieved from the kitchen. Both of the knives had black handles. One of the knives was longer than the other knife. Carver said that appellant took the knives away from her and cut himself in the arm and chest. She testified that appellant had a really bad temper and bad mood swings. Appellant was so upset that Carver thought he might try to kill himself.
Carver testified that appellant would not let her leave the house. She tried to kick out a bedroom window, but appellant picked her up and put her on the bed. Carver tried to make a phone call, but appellant ripped the phone out of his bedroom wall. Carver was scared and did not know what was going to happen. She said that appellant was holding the knives close to her in a threatening manner. Carver said that appellant could have gotten to her with the knives and that the knives were deadly. However, Carver also testified that appellant never verbally threatened her and that she knew appellant would not hurt her because he loved her so much.
Carver yelled at appellant=s brother (John) to go outside and get Thompson. Thompson came into the house. At one point, appellant told John to get a gun that was behind some railing in a closet. However, John never got a gun, and Carver said she never saw a gun at the house. Carver testified that appellant never threatened Thompson and eventually let Thompson leave. Appellant told Thompson that she better not call the police.
Later, Carver saw police lights outside of the house. She said that she pushed the front door open and ran outside. Carver told the police that she did not want to press charges against appellant. She also said that she did not want to testify in the case. She signed an affidavit of non-prosecution and wrote a letter stating that she wanted the case against appellant dropped. Carver testified that, while she still loved appellant and would do anything for him, she would not lie for him in court. Thompson=s Testimony
Thompson testified that she was currently serving a sixteen-month sentence for theft. She said that she met appellant for the first time on the night of the incident. At that time, Thompson was serving probation for fifteen different hot-check theft charges. Thompson testified that she had not been drinking and had not used any illegal drugs on the day of the incident.
Thompson confirmed Carver=s testimony about the incident at the bar and the ride to appellant=s house. She said that the Selden turnoff was about ten miles from Stephenville. Thompson waited outside appellant=s house when Carver went inside with appellant. After about twenty or thirty minutes, John came out of the house and got Thompson. Thompson went inside the house and heard appellant and Carver arguing and screaming at each other. Thompson said that appellant had knives in both of his hands. She said that one of the knives had a long blade and that the other knife had a short blade. Carver was terrified and kept trying to leave the house, but appellant would not let her go. Thompson testified that appellant was very angry, very upset, and belligerent. Thompson said that appellant kept screaming at Carver, saying that he was going to kill her and himself. Appellant said that, if Carver was not going to be with him, she was not going to be with anyone. Thompson convinced appellant to let her leave to see her roommate. Appellant told her to come straight back; and, if she brought the police or anyone else with her, he would shoot them all. Appellant indicated that there was a gun in the bedroom closet, and Thompson said that she saw a rifle in the closet.
Thompson said that she got in Carver=s car and headed to the Sheriff=s Department in Stephenville. Thompson said that a DPS Trooper pulled her over for speeding. She told the trooper about what was going on at appellant=s house.
John=s Testimony
John testified that Carver and appellant came inside the house and then started arguing with each other. He said that appellant had a bad temper and became very angry. Appellant was out of his mind and going crazy. John said that appellant went to the kitchen and got the knives from the drawer. Appellant was irate and was waiving the knives around. John did not know what appellant was going to do with the knives. He said that appellant=s actions with the knives threatened everyone in the house. Carver looked like she was having an anxiety attack.
John testified that the telephone rang, and he answered it. A police officer was on the line. John snuck out of the front door of the house to meet the officer. John told the officer that appellant was going to kill himself or Carver.
Deputy Green=s Testimony
Deputy Hollifield called Deputy Green and told him that an assault was taking place at a house on the Moncrief Dairy in Selden. Deputy Green drove to the scene. Deputy Green testified that Carver ran out of the house. Carver was upset and crying. Appellant came out of the house, and Deputy Green took him into custody. Deputy Green said that appellant had some cuts on his wrist. Deputy Green testified that Deputy Hollifield and Deputy Golightly found two knives in the back bedroom of the house. Deputy Green said that State=s Exhibit Nos. 1 and 2 were steak knives and that they were deadly weapons.
Deputy Golightly=s Testimony
Deputy Golightly was working with Deputy Hollifield on the night of the incident. They received a call from Trooper Lopez requesting assistance in a traffic stop involving Thompson. After talking with Thompson, Deputy Golightly and Deputy Hollifield headed to appellant=s house.
As they drove up to the house, John came out of the house. Deputy Golightly said that John was upset and frightened. John told the officers, A[Y]ou=ve got to get in there . . . he=s going to kill her or himself.@ Carver and appellant came out of the house. Carver was crying, and she was very upset. Deputy Golightly took appellant to the hospital for treatment of self-inflicted wounds to the chest and arms. After appellant was discharged from the hospital, Deputy Golightly took him to jail. Deputy Golightly said that the officers did not find any guns in the house.
Deputy Hollifield=s Testimony
Trooper Lopez contacted Deputy Hollifield requesting assistance with the traffic stop of Thompson. Thompson told Deputy Hollifield that an assault had been committed at appellant=s house. Deputy Hollifield and Deputy Golightly headed toward appellant=s house. Appellant lived in a house on the Moncrief Dairy in Selden. Deputy Hollifield obtained a phone number for appellant=s house. He called the number and spoke with John. As Deputy Hollifield pulled up into the driveway of the residence, John came out of the residence. John seemed to be upset or scared. John told Deputy Hollifield that appellant was going to kill Carver or himself. Then, Carver and appellant came out of the house. Carver was crying and upset, almost to the point of being hysterical. The officers placed appellant into custody. Deputy Hollifield and Deputy Golightly went inside the house to make sure that no one was hiding inside and to look for physical evidence. They found two knives in the back bedroom. They looked in the closets for other weapons but did not find any. Deputy Hollifield said that he would feel threatened if someone was holding the knives within striking distance of him.
Aggravated Assault by Threat
A person commits the offense of assault if he intentionally or knowingly threatens another with imminent bodily injury. Tex. Pen. Code Ann. ' 22.01(a)(2) (Vernon Supp. 2005). An assault becomes aggravated if the person uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault. Tex. Pen. Code Ann. ' 22.02(a)(2) (Vernon Supp. 2005). Assault by threat under Section 22.01(a)(2) is a Anature-of-conduct@ offense unlike assault under Tex. Pen. Code Ann. ' 22.01(a)(1) (Vernon Supp. 2005) where a defendant actually causes bodily injury. In the Matter of S.B., 117 S.W.3d 443, 450 (Tex. App.CFort Worth 2003, no pet.); Guzman v. State, 988 S.W.2d 884, 887 (Tex. App.CCorpus Christi 1999, no pet.). The focus is not on a victim=s perception but upon whether a defendant intentionally or knowingly caused the victim a reasonable apprehension of imminent bodily injury. In the Matter of S.B., 117 S.W.3d at 450.
Intent or knowledge may be inferred from the acts, words, and conduct of an accused at the time of an offense. Hart v. State, 89 S.W.3d 61, 64 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). A threat may be communicated by action, conduct, or words. McGowan v. State, 664 S.W.2d 355, 356 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984). A person acts intentionally with respect to his conduct or to a result of his conduct when it is his conscious objective or desire to engage in the conduct or cause the result. Tex. Pen. Code Ann. ' 6.03(a) (Vernon 2003). A person acts knowingly with respect to the nature of his conduct or to the circumstances surrounding his conduct when he is aware of the nature of his conduct or that the circumstances exist. Tex. Pen. Code Ann. ' 6.03(b) (Vernon 2003). Additionally, a person acts knowingly with respect to a result of his conduct when he is aware that his conduct is reasonably certain to cause the result. Section 6.03(b).
Analysis
The State had the burden to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant knowingly or intentionally threatened Carver with imminent bodily injury. In his first issue, appellant argues that the evidence was too weak to support a finding of guilt. Appellant contends that Thompson=s testimony was the only direct evidence that appellant threatened Carver with imminent bodily injury. Thompson testified that appellant kept screaming at Carver that he was going to kill her. Appellant attacks Thompson=s credibility and asserts that her testimony was too weak to support a finding of guilt based on the following reasons: (1) she was a convicted felon; (2) her testimony was directly contradicted by Carver=s testimony that appellant did not verbally threaten Carver; and (3) she embellished and exaggerated details about the incident during her testimony.
Thompson=s testimony was not the only evidence that appellant threatened Carver with imminent bodily injury. The State=s evidence established that appellant held and waived the knives in close proximity to Carver. Appellant was irate, upset, angry, and going out of his mind. Although Carver testified that appellant never verbally threatened her, Carver also testified that appellant held the knives close to her in a threatening manner. John testified that appellant=s actions with the knives threatened everyone in the house. The evidence also showed that appellant would not let Carver leave the house. John told the police that appellant was going to kill Carver or himself. The evidence supported a finding that appellant intentionally or knowingly threatened Carver with imminent bodily injury, and the evidence was not so weak that the verdict was clearly wrong and manifestly unjust.
Additionally, the jury, as the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and of the weight to be given their testimony, was entitled to accept Thompson=s testimony that appellant verbally threatened Carver and to reject Carver=s testimony that appellant did not verbally threaten her. Penagraph, 623 S.W.2d at 343. Appellant=s first issue is overruled.
In his second issue, appellant argues that the evidence contrary to the verdict was so strong that the beyond-a-reasonable-doubt burden of proof could not have been met. Appellant relies on Carver=s testimony that appellant never threatened her and John=s testimony that he did not recall appellant threatening Carver. However, even if appellant never verbally threatened Carver, the evidence supported a finding that appellant threatened Carver by his actions and conduct. Appellant held and waived the knives while very close to Carver. The evidence contrary to the verdict was not so strong that the beyond-a-reasonable-doubt burden of proof could not have been met. Appellant=s second issue is overruled.
This Court=s Ruling
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
TERRY McCALL
JUSTICE
February 2, 2006
Do not publish. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).
Panel consists of: Wright, C.J., and
McCall, J., and Strange, J.