NO. 12-04-00364-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT
TYLER, TEXAS
THE STATE OF TEXAS § APPEAL FROM THE
FOR THE BEST INTEREST § COUNTY COURT AT LAW
AND PROTECTION OF R.R. § CHEROKEE COUNTY, TEXAS
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant R.R. appeals from an order to administer psychoactive medication. After a hearing without a jury, the trial court entered an order authorizing the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation to administer psychoactive medication to R.R. In one issue, R.R. asserts that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support the order. We affirm.
Background
On October 26, 2004, the trial court entered an order requiring R.R. to submit to temporary in-patient mental health services. On November 17, 2004, Dr. Larry Hawkins filed an application requesting the court order an authorization for the administration of psychoactive medication to R.R. The application recites that R.R. suffers from Bipolar Disorder I, manic with psychotic features. Dr. Hawkins indicated that R.R. verbally refuses to take the medication voluntarily. The doctor believes R.R. lacks the capacity to make a decision regarding administration of psychoactive medication because he denies that he is mentally ill or that he needs medication. R.R. is unable to weigh the risks against the benefits of the medication. Dr. Hawkins determined that the requested medication is the proper course of treatment for R.R. and, with this treatment, his prognosis is good. Conversely, without the requested treatment, R.R. may harm himself or others. Medical alternatives would not be as effective as administration of psychoactive medication and the benefits of psychoactive medication outweigh the risks.
Dr. Hawkins testified at the hearing, stating that R.R., who is under court-ordered temporary mental health services, refused to take his medications voluntarily and lacks the capacity to make a decision regarding the administration of psychoactive medications. Dr. Hawkins testified that R.R. is suffering from Bipolar Disorder and that the medications indicated in the exhibit attached to the application are in the proper course of treatment for R.R. and in his best interest. He stated that R.R. would likely benefit from taking these medications and the benefits outweigh the risks. R.R.’s hospital stay would likely be shortened if medications are used.
On cross-examination, Dr. Hawkins said he has met with R.R. four or five times. R.R. told him that he does not think he is ill and does not need the medication. Due to his illness, R.R. does not listen to what others have to say. R.R. has not expressed any constitutional or religious reasons for not wanting to take the medications. The doctor explained that R.R. has very rapid, pressured speech. He gets very loud, very threatening, and very volatile. He is very intrusive to other patients and staff. If he were in the community, rather than a secure environment, he would be putting himself at risk of someone injuring him because of his threatening and intrusive behavior. Dr. Hawkins stated that R.R. could not be treated effectively without the anti-psychotic medications because his illness only responds well to medication, not therapy. The doctor stated that R.R. would improve much quicker if he were on medication.
R.R. testified in his own behalf. He explained that he has been on the Veterans Administration’s psychiatric ward and he presently takes medications for his physical injuries. He does not feel that he needs anti-psychotic medication and he does not feel that he is mentally ill. He does feel that he can exist in society and not harm anyone. He can provide food for himself and take care of himself. He does not feel that he needs the help of medication to do that.
The trial court granted the application and entered an order to administer psychoactive medication for the period of temporary commitment.
Sufficiency of the Evidence
In his sole issue, R.R. asserts the evidence is neither legally nor factually sufficient to support the order to administer psychoactive medication. He contends that, although the doctor testified to the essential elements necessary to prove a prima facie case, the State did not prove by clear and convincing evidence that he lacks the capacity to make a decision regarding administration of psychoactive medication or that the medication is in his best interest.
Standard of Review
In a legal sufficiency review where the burden of proof is clear and convincing evidence, the reviewing court must consider all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding to determine whether a reasonable trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true. In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266 (Tex. 2002). The reviewing court must assume that the factfinder resolved disputed facts in favor of its finding if a reasonable factfinder could do so. Id. A court should disregard all evidence that a reasonable factfinder could have disbelieved or found to have been incredible. Id.
In addressing a factual sufficiency of the evidence challenge, we must consider all the evidence in the record, both in support of and contrary to the trial court’s findings. In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 27-29 (Tex. 2002). This court must give due consideration to evidence that the factfinder could reasonably have found to be clear and convincing. Id. at 25. We must determine whether the evidence is such that a factfinder could reasonably form a firm belief or conviction about the truth of the State’s allegations. Id. We must consider whether disputed evidence is such that a reasonable trier of fact could not have reconciled that disputed evidence in favor of its finding. In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266. Appellate courts retain deference for the constitutional roles of the factfinder. In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 26. The trier of fact is the exclusive judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. See id. at 27; In re J.J.O., 131 S.W.3d 618, 632 (Tex. App.–Fort Worth 2004, no pet.).
Applicable Law and Analysis
The court may enter an order authorizing the administration of psychoactive medication if it finds by clear and convincing evidence that the patient is under an order for temporary or extended mental health services, the patient lacks the capacity to make a decision regarding the administration of the proposed medication, and treatment with the proposed medication is in the best interest of the patient. Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. § 574.106(a) (Vernon 2003). In determining that there is a need for psychoactive medication, the court is required to consider the following:
(1) the patient’s expressed preferences regarding treatment with psychoactive medication;
(2) the patient’s religious beliefs;
(3) the risks and benefits, from the perspective of the patient, of taking psychoactive medication;
(4) the consequences to the patient if the psychoactive medication is not administered;
(5) the prognosis for the patient if the patient is treated with psychoactive medication; and
(6) alternatives to treatment with psychoactive medication.
Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. § 574.106(b) (Vernon 2003).
Dr. Hawkins testified that R.R. was, at the time of the hearing, under an order for temporary mental health services. The doctor testified that R.R. suffers from Bipolar Disorder and lacks the capacity to make a decision regarding administration of psychoactive medication. The medications are in R.R.’s best interest, the benefits outweigh the risks, and his hospital stay would be shortened if medications are used. Dr. Hawkins testified that, although he explained to R.R. how the medications would help, due to his illness, R.R. does not listen to what others say.
Considering all the evidence in the light most favorable to the findings, we conclude a reasonable trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that R.R. lacked the capacity to make a decision regarding administration of the proposed medication. See In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266. This evidence satisfies the statutory requirement for clear and convincing evidence in support of the order for administration of psychoactive medication. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. § 574.106(a). The evidence is legally sufficient to support the trial court’s order. See In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266.
In addressing R.R.’s factual sufficiency complaint, we consider all the evidence, giving due consideration to evidence the factfinder could reasonably have found to be clear and convincing. In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 25. R.R. testified that he takes certain medicines to address physical problems, but he is not mentally ill and therefore does not need to take anti-psychotic medication. He does not believe he needs the help of medication to take care of himself. In light of the entire record, the evidence that the trial court could not have credited in favor of its findings is not so significant that the trial court could not reasonably form a firm belief or conviction that R.R. lacks the capacity to make a decision regarding the administration of the proposed medication and that treatment with the proposed medication is in his best interest. See id. Thus, the evidence is factually sufficient to support the trial court’s findings. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. § 574.106(a). Because we hold the evidence is both legally and factually sufficient to support the trial court’s order, we overrule R.R.’s sole issue.
Disposition
We affirm the trial court’s order for administration of psychoactive medication.
DIANE DEVASTO
Justice
Opinion delivered June 30, 2005.
Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Griffith, J., and DeVasto, J.
(PUBLISH)